Field Players Research Articles

Identifying Vulnerable Zones of Goal during Penalty Kicks in Soccer Goalkeeping

Background: In association football (Soccer), a penalty kick holds immense importance as one decisive kick can determine the outcome of years of hard work. Objective: The study aims to examine the frequency and success rate of penalty shootouts executed by Bangladeshi male footballers in various zones of the goal to categorize zone-specific vulnerability, strength, and frequency. Materials and Methods: Male sixty-two (n=62) field players and thirty-two (n=32) goalkeepers aged 15-30 were selected for the study. The goal was divided into 12 zones for study. A camera (GoPro 11) was placed outside the penalty area. Visual and video analysis with Kinovia motion analysis software was conducted simultaneously. Percentage and Chi-square tests were employed for statistical analysis. Results: The results show the highest goal-scoring percentages by zone in the following sequence: 1 (100%), 4 (94%), 3 (82%), 2 (64%), 12 (54%), 9 (52%), 5 (51%), 8 (50%), 6 (29%), 10 (18%), 11 (15%), and 7 (13%). In terms of targeted kick percentages, the order by zone from highest to lowest is as follows: 12 (20%), 9 (19%), 5 (13%), 8 (12%), 10 (12%), 4 (6%), 6 (5%), 7 (5%), 3 (4%), 2 (4%), 11 (4%), and 1 (3%). Pearson's Chi-square value is 59.234 with df = 11, and p = .000, indicating a statistically significant association between the zones in goal and the outcomes (goal or save). Conclusions: Most kicks target the lower side of the goalposts, with scoring chances increasing when kicked farther and higher, revealing different vulnerabilities across different areas in the goal.

Increased Prevalence of Concussion in Collegiate Water Polo Goalkeepers.

To investigate the epidemiology of sport-related concussion in collegiate water polo players and compare the risk of concussion between goalkeepers and field players. Retrospective chart review using injury surveillance data from July 2016 and June 2022. Descriptive statistics, χ2 and Fisher exact tests, and pairwise comparisons using false discovery rate-adjusted P-values were used for statistical analysis. Pac-12 conference collegiate water polo teams. Ninety-six Pac-12 athletes from 4 men's and 5 women's water polo teams, with a total of 124 identified concussions. Player position (goalkeeper vs field player) and location of injury (practice vs competition vs not sport related). Prevalence of sport-related concussion by player position and location of injury. Goalkeepers experienced a significantly higher proportion of sport-related concussions than field players (26.2% vs 16.0%, P = 0.005). Most concussions in goalkeepers occurred from ball-to-head contact while most field player concussions were because of contact with another player. There was no significant difference in the number of concussions suffered in practice compared with competition. Collegiate water polo goalkeepers face a higher risk of concussion than field players, particularly from ball-to-head contact. Current safety protocols may be inadequate for goalkeepers. Future research should examine the effectiveness of protective headgear and modified practice equipment in mitigating concussion risk, potentially leading to rule changes.

Exploring the Use of Thermography for Monitoring Physiological Responses to Training in Division-I Collegiate Female Soccer Players.

This study investigated the use of thermography as a non-invasive tool to monitor physiological responses to mechanical workload in Division-I female soccer players. A total of 29 student-athletes (age: 19.8 ± 1.1 years) participated, with thermographic imaging conducted throughout training across the competitive season. A total of 8106 observations were analyzed, revealing a weak but significant negative correlation between total player load (TPL) and changes in body region temperature (∆t) (βTPL = -0.00047; p < 0.0001). For every one unit increase in TPL, skin temperature decreased by 0.00047°C on average. Similar patterns were observed in high-minute players (βTPL = -0.0046; p < 0.0001) and when excluding goalkeepers (βTPL = -0.00027, p < 0.001). Interestingly, cooler temperatures were linked to higher workloads in field players, contrasting with previous research. These findings suggest thermography may reflect physiological responses to external workload, with position-specific demands requiring tailored metrics for accurate monitoring.

The Model of Sports Talent Management in the Field of Track and Fields in the Schools of Iraq

The general purpose of this research is to develop a model for managing sports talents in the field of track and field in Iraqi schools. The current research method was qualitative. Which was used to build the conceptual model of the research based on the theory of Glasser Ground. The research community consists of professors and faculty members in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences, the president and vice presidents of the Athletics Federation, former track and field players and coaches working in Iraq and some athletes in the national team, after interviewing 20 people, the researcher noticed that the results were repetitive, so to ensure the similarity of the results, 3 new interviews were conducted and according to the results, thus the theoretical saturation was determined through 22 interviews. Based on the results of the qualitative data analysis obtained from the interview, the presentation of the final model of the research consists of: organizing the training system, coordinating track and field leaders, developing talents and physiological dimensions. Indicators before identifying talents The recruitment process and training of professional coaches with talent identification and improving the quality and quantity of sports and sports spaces, talent maintenance, and supporting research projects in terms of effective indicators after identifying talents

A comparative study in time management between track and field sports players and volleyball players

The aim of the research was to study the ability of track and field players and volleyball players to manage time and to compare time management skills between volleyball players and track and field players. The descriptive approach was used, and the sample included 10 track and field players and 15 volleyball players. Merrill Douglas's time management questionnaire was approved after verifying its validity and reliability. The data was statistically analyzed using the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, hypothetical mean, and t-test. The results showed the weak ability of track and field players and volleyball players to manage time. The researcher recommended organizing educational courses to improve the players’ time management skills, enhancing material and moral incentives, while adhering to the training dates specified by the coaches, and conducting studies on time management among coaches and referees.

Anthropometric Profile and Position-Specific Changes in Segmental Body Composition of Professional Football Players Throughout a Training Period.

Body and anthropometric profiles of football players vary depending on the physiological and technical demands imposed by different positions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition of professional soccer players in relation to their position on the field during a training macrocycle. The Direct Segmental Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis method was used to analyze 58 players at six key moments of the macrocycle. The results show that body profiles are adjusted to the specific demands of each position. Midfielders showed the lowest muscle mass, while defenders showed many notable changes. In general, as the season progressed, all field players experienced an increase in trunk body fat. Fat and lean mass values of goalkeepers differed greatly from the rest. The greatest variations in body composition were observed during pre-season and transition in relation to variations in training load and competitive intensity. The results suggest that the phase of the macrocycle has a greater influence on these variations, although the physical characteristics of each position are relevant. Understanding these dynamics allows for the design of more personalized and efficient training programs to optimize the performance of footballers according to their roles and each stage of the season.

ПОКАЗНИКИ ЗМАГАЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ВИСОКОКВАЛІФІКОВАНИХ ХОКЕЇСТІВ НА ТРАВІ

Relevance of the research topic. Competitive activity is the main component in the general system of training athletes. Control and analysis of the competitive activity of athletes of team game sports should be carried out on the basis of scientific and methodical approaches. Such a methodical approach is a combination of integral and expert evaluations of competitive activity. The purpose of the study is to determine the indicators of the competitive performance of highly qualified field hockey players in various playing roles on the basis of integral and expert evaluations. Material and methods. The study was conducted during the 2021 sports season. Players of the national field hockey team of Ukraine participated in the study (n=24). Sports qualification of sportsmen - master of sports of Ukraine. Research methods: analysis of literary sources, pedagogical observation, video recording of competitive activities, methods of mathematical statistics. Research results and conclusions . The indicators of the integral assessment of the competitive activity of highly qualified field hockey players in various playing roles have been determined. In particular, for all field players, the value of the intensity coefficient ranges from 0.45 to 1.4 points, mobility coefficient - from 0.90 to 2.54 points, aggressiveness coefficient - from 0.49 to 1.85 points, efficiency coefficient - from 0.66 to 0.93 points, martial arts efficiency coefficient - from 0.25 to 0.84 points, creativity coefficient - from 0.09 to 1.04 points. The average values of the expert evaluation range from 5.1 to 8.1 points.

Four distinct patterns of anterior cruciate ligament injury in women’s professional football (soccer): a systematic video analysis of 37 match injuries

BackgroundTo identify mechanisms and patterns of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in adult women’s professional football by means of video match analysis.MethodsACL match injuries sustained in Germany’s first women’s league...

Headgear use in girls' lacrosse-stakeholders not ready for change.

Mandating headgear for field players in girls' lacrosse to reduce head injuries, including concussion, has been heavily debated. However, research regarding the need and effectiveness of mandated headgear use in girls' lacrosse is still developing. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed to identify the need for and barriers to the development of mandated headgear use policies in girls' lacrosse in Ohio. We conducted six virtual focus groups, three with concussion experts (clinicians and researchers) and three with girls' lacrosse stakeholders (high school players, parents, coaches, and officials). A focus group guide was developed to explore study participants' perceptions and opinions on concussion in girls' lacrosse, headgear use among players, and policies and policy development related to headgear use or a headgear mandate. We developed the codebook using an inductive and iterative approach based on focus group transcripts and used ATLAS.TI to code and analyze the transcript data. Concussion experts and stakeholders understood the potential consequences of concussion but did not perceive concussion as a pervasive problem in girls' lacrosse. The prevention of head and facial injuries was regarded as a potential benefit of headgear use. However, stakeholders expressed that the myriad of arguments discussed opposing mandated headgear use including increased aggressive play and/or targeting, concerns over changes in the game, and cost strongly outweighed the benefits. Finally, both concussion experts and stakeholders identified multiple organizations, including USA Lacrosse, who could act as facilitators and/or barriers to developing, enacting, and implementing headgear policies. Concussion experts and stakeholders identified possible reasons for headgear use related to injury prevention but also identified several important barriers to the development of a headgear mandate for girls' lacrosse in Ohio.

The priority importance of factors for the selection of basketball players of various roles at the stage of preparation for higher achievements

The article examines the peculiarities of the selection and sports orientation of basketball players who are at the stage of preparation for higher achievements. It is pointed out the importance of using a multi-component assessment of players' potential and the need for a comprehensive consideration of the strengths and weaknesses of each athlete when making the final selection decision. The results of an expert survey on the priority importance of key readiness factors for the selection of young basketball players aged 18-20 years in highly qualified teams are given.&#x0D; For field players, who are focused on the position of a point guard, the indicators characterizing the effectiveness of competitive activity – 31,3%, the level of physical preparation – 24,3%, and the manifestation of psychological and psychophysiological capabilities – 25,4% received the greatest significance. For "shooting guardians" - efficiency of competitive activity – 30,7% and level of physical preparation – 25,7%, for "small forwards" - efficiency of competitive activity – 30,7% and morphological data – 28,6%, for "power forward" - morphological data - 37.9% and efficiency of competitive activity – 23,4%, for the center – morphological data – 44,5% and efficiency of competitive activity – 19,8%.

Analysis of Time Loss Injury in Korean Professional Baseball Players

PURPOSE: This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of time-loss (TL) injuries in 68 Korean Baseball Organization (KBO) players aged 26.6±5.4 years (31 pitchers and 37 field players).METHODS: Injury data collected during the 2021-2022 KBO league seasons were used to calculate the injury rate (IR), IR ratio (IRR), and TL. IR was calculated as follows: (total number of injuries×100)÷(total number of game exposures). IRR was computed as follows: (IR of pitchers)÷(IR of fielders). TL was defined as an injury that resulted in the inability to compete or participate in standard routines.RESULTS: A total of 92 TL injuries were recorded from 5,320 athlete-exposures (1.7 per 100 athlete-exposures). Pitchers exhibited a 1.7-fold increase in IR (IRR =1.69, 95% CI=1.05-2.61, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=.018) and a 2.6-fold increase in the rate of severe injuries that resulted in a TL of ≥3 weeks (IRR=2.59, 95% CI=0.93-7.10, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=.045) compared to field players. The trunk/spine (20.6%) among pitchers and thigh/groin (22.4%) among field players were the most frequently injured body parts. Overuse (38.2%) and batted ball contact (38.2%) were the leading causes of injury among pitchers, whereas noncontact (36.2%) and overuse (17.2%) were the leading causes of injury among field players. Pitchers were most likely to be injured while pitching (55.9%) and fielding (38.2%), whereas field players were most likely to be injured while batting (31.0%) and base running (31.0%).CONCLUSIONS: The current findings indicate that the characteristics of the injuries of KBO players differ by position, emphasizing the importance of a position-specific injury prevention program.

Hamstrings mechanical properties profiling in football players of different competitive levels and positions after a repeated sprint protocol.

Purpose: This study compares the average speed, knee flexor peak torque and shear modulus of the hamstrings after a repeated sprint task, in football players of different competitive levels and playing positions. Methods: Fifty-four football field players without hamstring strain injury history participated, 15 being categorized as professional (2nd league) and 39 as semi-professional (17 in 3rd and 22 in 4th league). Muscle shear modulus was assessed using ultrasound-based shear wave elastography at rest and at 20% of maximal voluntary isometric effort before and immediately after the repeated sprint protocol. Results: No significant differences were seen in average sprint speed between competitive levels (p = 0.07; η2p = 0.28) and positions (p = 0.052; η2p = 0.29). Moreover, the sprint fatigue index showed no significant differences between competitive levels (p = 0.14; η2p = 0.08) and playing positions (p = 0.89; η2p = 0.05). No significant differences were observed in hamstring shear modulus changes between competitive levels (p = 0.94; η2p = 0.03) and positions (p = 0.92; η2p = 0.03). Peak torque changes also showed non-significant association with competitive levels (p = 0.46; η2p = 0.03) and positions (p = 0.60; η2p = 0.02). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the average sprint speed performance parameter and mechanical parameters are not able to distinguish football players of different competitive levels and positions.

The Renaissance of Russian pharmaceutical market (2000-2004). Report II. The Pharma servants of Russia

The article (the third one of authors cycle of historical studies of medication supply and pharmaceutical business) examines period of economic renaissance of the Russian pharmaceutical market in the first years of third millennium. The state of market according data of Russian analytical agencies, medical periodicals and recollections of participants is considered. The article consists of three reports. In the first report the issue was the "field players" of pharmaceutical market, and in the second one - all the personnel serving market game, making it possible, their reflections on their new, post-Soviet experience of life in private business.

Match performance of elite soccer players in ratio to contextual variables and game structure in the attack and defense phases using InStat Kinematic System. A longitudinal study

The practical value of using the wearable devices for monitoring running performance and contextual variables is that well-chosen performance indicators can help coaches identify good and bad performances of individuals or teams. The aim of the article was to investigate running trends in the ratio to the structure of the game in the offensive and defensive phases of professional soccer players on home and away pitches in Montenegro in three competitive matches of different seasons. The research included 82 professional soccer players. The first sub-sample included 44 professional soccer players, height 185.89 ± 6.29 cm, mass 81.06 ± 5.47 kg, BMI 23.47 ± 0.96 kg/m2, age 28.86 ± 3.85 years. The second sub-sample includes 38 professional football players, height 181.88 ± 6.35 cm, mass 77.28 ± 6.78 kg, BMI 23.32 ± 1.08 kg/m2, age 29.43 ± 5.68 years old. The InStat kinematic system recorded field players using six cameras placed around the perimeter of the field at a minimum height of 12 m, 25 frames per second. Our study indicated some contrasting findings. Statistically significant differences were obtained in all three years in running performance and contextual variables. Our results indicate a decreasing trend in high speed runs distance both in the attack phase and in the defense phase for both teams. The conclusion of this study provided information on performance in soccer, which could consequently improve the applicability of running performance in training and competitions Keywords: performance analysis, match location, sprint, run distance, kinematic monitoring.

The K League and the Duality of Glocality: Men’s Professional Football in South Korea, 1983–2017

What happens when modern sports systems in noncore sports nations have undergone extended globalization? In this article, I draw on glocalization theory, particularly Roland Robertson and Richard Giulianotti’s “duality of glocality” to explore the historical developments of the K League, South Korea’s men’s professional football league, launched in 1983. There are many reasons the K League has not yet firmly established its status: (a) the league imposed continuous rule changes on foreign field players while banning foreign goalkeepers, (b) the league introduced a distinct competition structure partially adopted from its Western counterparts, (c) a supporter culture was established which has a similar outlook to that of other supporter cultures but it had a different internal structure, and (d) the league produced media content reflecting local viewer needs while maintaining a structure similar to Western media formats. The notion of a two-step glocalization, the process of heterogenization followed by homogenization with other cultures based on the things that were already heterogenized for a lengthy period, is used to advance the debate on glocalization and to better understand the reasons for the failure to attract K League spectators since its establishment in 1983.

Changes in Body Composition and Athletic Performance in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Female Field Hockey Athletes Throughout a Competitive Season.

Summer, LC, Cheng, R, Moran, JT, Lee, M, Belanger, AJ, TaylorIV, WL, and Gardner, EC. Changes in body composition and athletic performance in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female field hockey athletes throughout a competitive season. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2023-The purposes of this study were (a) to analyze the changes in total and regional body composition measurements in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I female field hockey team throughout a 17-game competitive season using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); (b) to examine improvements, if any, in athletic performance measures after a season; and (c) to report on the relationship between these body composition changes and changes in athletic performance. Preseason and postseason dual-energy DXA and performance data from the 2019-2020 season were retrospectively identified for 20 field players (forwards, midfielders, and defenders). Body composition data included total and regional fat mass, lean mass, and body fat percentage, whereas athletic performance measures included the vertical jump, 10-yard dash, and pro-agility (5-10-5) shuttle run. All variables were quantitative and analyzed using paired t-tests or its nonparametric equivalent and an alpha level of p < 0.05 was used to determine significance. After a competitive season, athletes had significant decreases in fat mass and increases in lean mass in their arms, legs, trunks, gynoids, and total body measurements. Android fat mass and body fat percentage also decreased. Athletes performed significantly better on the pro-agility shuttle run at the end of the season, but no significant differences were observed in other performance metrics. Moderate correlations were observed between changes in body composition (total fat mass and total lean mass) and changes in athletic performance. Our study provides a novel, longitudinal assessment of body composition and athletic performance for elite female field hockey athletes that will help trainers and coaches better understand how these variables change throughout a season and allow them to better prepare their players for competitive success.

Time-loss Injuries among Female and Male Spanish Rink Hockey Players.

The present study describes the time-loss injuries among female and male athletes of the Spanish rink hockey league during the 2021/22 season.We performed a retrospective cohort study on time-loss injuries, whereby the athlete is prevented from participating in a training session or game because of the injury.A total of 463 athletes were included, with 326 (70.4%) senior male and 137 (29.6%) female. Two hundred and eighty-two time-loss injuries were recorded, the most common form being muscle injuries (112 episodes, 39.7%), especially those affecting the hip adductor muscles (52 episodes, 46.4% of muscle injuries). Most injuries were classified as mild (1-7 days of time-loss) and the median return-to-play was 9.5 days (range 1-180).Injury patterns were compared according to gender, position and moment: the results showed significant differences between senior males and females, between field players and goalkeepers, as well as between training and game, in terms of injury nature and type. The injury incidence proportion was significantly higher for field players compared to goalkeepers), and senior males had a significantly higher risk than senior females.The present study provides a starting point for studying and preventing injuries in rink hockey athletes.

Position comparison of sport-related concussions in female youth soccer players

ABSTRACT Objectives Youth soccer participation, particularly among females, continues to grow worldwide. With the high incidence of sport-related concussion (SRC) in soccer, it is important to investigate if SRC occurs disproportionally by positions. Our hypothesis was to see no positional differences in SRCs, SRC-related characteristics, and outcomes among in female youth soccer athletes. Methods Data were prospectively collected from participants at a single sports medicine institution between August 2015-April 2021. Female participants aged 8–18 diagnosed with SRC sustained during an organized soccer practice, scrimmage, or game were separated into 4 groups based on position: Forward, Midfielder, Defender, and Goalkeeper. Demographics, medical history, injury-related details, and outcomes were reviewed. A chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables. Continuous variables were compared with Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Two hundred fourteen participants were included: 52 Forwards, 65 Midfielders, 63 Defenders, and 34 Goalkeepers. There were no significant differences between the groups in age, race, ethnicity, or previous concussion history. Differences in mechanism existed with Goalkeepers most commonly reporting Head to Body Part. Goalkeepers, which make up 1/11 of the total positions on the field, had a significantly higher proportion of SRCs compared to Field Positions. (9.1% vs 15.9%) At 3-month post-enrollment, there were no significant differences in reported symptoms or return-to-play between the different positions. Conclusion In youth female soccer players, goalkeepers sustained a higher proportion of sport-related concussions compared to field players based upon the composition of a soccer team. The mechanism of injury also differed among the different soccer positions. However, no differences in concussion characteristics, outcomes, or RTP were seen across the different soccer positions.

Microdosing: Refining in - Season Training Methods for Field Players

Microdosing: Refining in - Season Training Methods for Field Players

What factors affecting firm value during IPOs? A study at the Indonesia Stock Exchange

Purpose — The objective of this study is to examine the factors that impact the value of a company over both the short and long term. These factors include variables such as the company's size, the reputation of the underwriter and auditor, the industry sector in which it operates, and the number of shares outstanding during the initial public offering (IPO).Method — In this study, a quantitative causality approach with analytical properties is employed as the method of analysis. The population under investigation consists of companies that conducted initial public offerings (IPOs) between the years 2020 and 2022. A sample size of 113 companies is selected using a specific sampling approach for research purposes. To analyze the data, a binary logistic regression model is applied, along with the use of statistical tools.Result — The conducted research has yielded several findings. Firstly, it indicates that the variable of company size does not have a significant impact. Secondly, the variable of underwriter reputation also does not have a significant effect. Thirdly, the variable of auditor reputation does not significantly influence firm value. Fourthly, the stock variable does not significantly affect firm value. Lastly, the research highlights that the industry sector variable has a significant impact on firm value.Contribution — The research is expected to contribute to the academic field and benefit capital market players by addressing the factors that should be considered when making investment decisions in the capital market.