Field Of Foreign Relations Research Articles

Milestone of China's Foreign-Related Legislation – A Review of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Relations

The Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Relations is China's first foundational and comprehensive law in the field of foreign relations. This law promotes the rule of law both domestically and internationally in a coordinated manner, significantly enhancing the legal framework governing China's conduct of foreign affairs. It also makes substantial progress in the strategic development of foreign-related legislation, advancing the overall foreign-related legal system and integrity, quality and timeliness of specific legislation. Bearing distinct Chinese characteristics and reflecting the ethos of our era, this law stands as a milestone in the legislative history of China.

ANALYSIS OF THE CONCLUSION OF THE PLENUM OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT IN RELATION TO THE VIOLATION OF THE CONSTITUTION BY THE PRESIDENT OF GEORGIA AND INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE

From 2013 until the present, the dispute on the separation of competencies between the leaders of the state government has been ongoing in political life, as well as on an international scale in the field of foreign relations. The field of foreign relations is of national importance and is directly related to the state’s image and foreign policy. The conclusion of the international treaties, as well as the appointment of the ambassadors and representation of the state, has become the subject of dispute at various times. State representation by the President in foreign relations has led to a Constitutional Reference submitted by the Parliament of Georgia to the Constitutional Court of Georgia, alleging a violation of the Constitution by the President for the first time in the country’s history. As a result, according to the conclusion of the Constitutional Court of Georgia dated October 16, 2023, President Ms. Zurabishvili violated the Constitution of Georgia by exercising representation powers without the consent of the Government. Based on the above, this thesis will analyze the meaning of the representation power in foreign relations, the President’s constitutional status, and the President’s role in foreign relations, acting as the socalled “neutral arbitrator”. This thesis will include a discussion on the roles of the Parliament and the Constitutional Court of Georgia in the political-legal process of Presidential impeachment proceedings. It will also examine the conclusions and decisions of Constitutional Courts in various states regarding alleged constitutional violations by Presidents and disputes over competence.

The The implementation mechanism of military diplomacy (the republic of Azerbaijan as a case study)

Purpose: is to study the relationship between the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in formulating effective military diplomacy. Method: comparative analysis, and synthesis. Findings: Military capabilities and means have always been used in diplomacy. As a result, military potential plays an important role in supporting state diplomacy and creates conditions for ensuring the country's national interests. The formation of diplomatic strategy at the national level can be systematically implemented. In order to improve military diplomacy, a document on diplomatic policy (white paper) should be prepared. Currently, the Azerbaijani Army has a branch within the International Military Cooperation Department that coordinates the activities of military attachés, but this branch does not have the potential to carry out special tasks related to military diplomacy or prepare for long-term strategies. From this point of view, a Center for military diplomacy might be established at the base of that department, and one of the priority issues should be the formation of the potential to develop strategies that reflect the long-term perspectives of Azerbaijan's military diplomacy. Theoretical implications: There are many different approaches and theoretical lenses with which to study international relations and to make sense of events, trends and processes. Although such established theoretical lenses as realism, liberalism, constructivism, Marxism, feminism and others exist, neoclassical realism has been chosen as the means to make sense of this case study. Practical implications: Practitioners in the field of foreign relations will be able to understand the role of the military diplomacy of the Republic of Azerbaijan in ensuring national interests and they will be able to have a clear picture of the ways of its optimization and the factors influencing this role. Value: the study examines the role of the military diplomacy of the Republic of Azerbaijan in ensuring national interests and presents a clear picture of the ways of its optimization and the factors influencing this role. Paper type: theoretical.

Comparing the Reconstruction of State Images of Germany and Japan in the Post-World War II Era in the Perspective of Political Symbolism Theory

National image has become an important factor in the competition for soft power among countries. Germany and Japan, as defeated countries in World War II, have both formulated a series of strategies and carried out actions on image reconstruction. This paper adopts the method of documentary analysis to disaggregate the strategic deployment and practices of image building in the two countries into different dimensions and place them under the theoretical framework of political symbols for systematic analyses. From this, it is concluded that there are significant differences between the two countries in terms of their strategic priorities, with Germany focuses methodologically on the cultural diplomacy and geographically on the Europe; and Japan prioritizes economic initiatives and the western community. This prioritization can be a reflection of the underlying attitude divergence between the two nations. In this way, the policies of the two countries in the field of foreign relations can be examined in an ontological and globalized perspective.

International Investment Activity in the Context of the Foreign Relations of Ukraine with Countries of the European Union

The necessary regulation of international investment activity can be carried out using economic, administrative and legal methods, as well as tools of motivation and restraint was shown in the article. The domestic strategy in the field of foreign relations is not limited to creating favorable conditions for investment activity, but also includes an active role of the state government in shaping the system of long-term investment in the economy was researched. The benefits of public investment programs were considered. The main methods of risk assessment of international investment activity in the sphere of foreign relations of Ukraine were defined. Based on an analysis of the investment volume of projects of different directions over a five-year period, the tendency to increase investments was identified. The model for assessing the impact of EU foreign investment projects on the economy has been developed.

Формування соціально-інституційного конструкту цифрової дипломатії

Формування соціально-інституційного конструкту цифрової дипломатії

UnderstandingCurtiss-Wright

The most striking feature of the Supreme Court's decision inUnited States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.is its language asserting an independent and exclusive executive foreign affairs power. As “the sole organ of the federal government in the field of foreign relations,” the Court declared, the executive holds “very delicate, plenary and exclusive power” that “does not require as a basis for its exercise an act of Congress.” From the day the case was decided, it has stood as a preeminent authority for those who would magnify the constitutional role of the president by proclaiming the independent and unchecked nature of the executive's foreign affairs power.

The Impact of CIA's Organizational Culture on Its Estimates Under William Casey

Special organizations have been established for information processing to help achieve rationality and cope with the abundance of information. In the field of foreign relations, intelligence agenci...

Secret Messages: Codebreaking and American Diplomacy, 1930-1945

Intelligence history is a growing field. Where it used to be the domain of military historians and cryptanalytical specialists, it is now moving into the field of foreign relations and international history. While diplomatic historians are realizing that they can no longer ignore the dimension of intelligence, intelligence historians are increasingly placing their work into the broader context of international relations. Finally, following the American example, the British are now also beginning to release secret service records. Thus, David Alvarez, for his book Secret Messages, could draw on portions of a multivolume inhouse history of the Venona program (the American codebreaking operation ag ainst the Soviet Union), cryptog raphic col lec ti ons and special research histor ies of the National Security Agency (released in 1996), and records from the British Government Code and Cipher School, as well as personal papers, sources in presidential libraries, and interviews of a dozen former employees of the Signal Intelligence Service. Richard J. Aldrich, for his Intelligence and the War against Japan, located papers of the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) in armed services records, where they had not been weeded out because of SIS's Asian cover name of InterService Liaison Department, and used records of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) released in the 1990s, American intelligence records, and military and diplomatic records and private papers.

Regina v. Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, ex parte Everett

Nationality — Passport — Decision to refuse passport to applicant resident abroad — Applicant wanted for criminal offence — Legal basis for decision — Royal prerogative — Whether decision subject to judicial reviewRelationship of international law and municipal law — Conduct of foreign relations — Judicial review of decisions in field of foreign relations — Decision to refuse passport distinguished from decisions regarding foreign policy — The law of England

Laos: Taking the Pragmatic Road

The year 1989 saw consolidated advances in Laos especially within the economic sector, with many of the socio-economic reforms set in place since 1986 being further broadened. The number of private businesses and joint ventures increased markedly particularly within the capital city and the provincial towns of the more developed Mekong provinces. The year also saw the nascent development of tourism as the country for the first time since 1975 opened its doors to tourists in any significant number. The liberalization within the economic sector also generated pressures for changes within the political arena. Most important of these changes were the holding of local elections and the resurgence of interest on the promulgation of the constitution. These changes were both internally generated and also obviously in response to developments occurring within the rest of the socialist world, in particular in Eastern Europe. In the field of foreign relations, 1989 further saw the unfolding of substantially improved ties between Laos and the Western countries, particularly the United States, Japan, and France, as well as neighbouring Thailand. Also with the imminent settlement of the Kampuchean issue, relations with China were taken one step ahead.

Quarterly Chronicle and Documentation

Different currents appeared to be at play in the political events of the quarter, with many of the trends being unclear or only barely discernible. One expected event which did not take place was the convening of the National People's Congress; the absence of which is also giving grounds for believing that many political problems remained unsolved. While it appeared, particularly in the field of foreign relations, that the post-10th Congress leadership, dominated by Chou En-lai and including in the second rank many of those prominently abused during the Cultural Revolution, remained firmly in control, there also appeared to be a re-emergence of some of the ideological formulations of the Cultural Revolution. The slogan “going against the tide is a Marxist-Leninist principle,” which had been attributed to Mao during the 10th Congress in August, was frequently repeated, although with markedly different emphasis in different provinces, and the war-cry of the Cultural Revolution, “to rebel is justified,” reappeared, although without national prominence. Some of the more abstruse press discussion even suggested the possibility that Chou En-lai himself was under pressure despite the apparent dominance and security of his position.

A New Initiative In Asian Legal Development—Lawasia

Legal development in the developing countries is at the same time one of the most urgent needs for modernization and one of the most delicate fields in which non-national organizations, private as well as public, can render assistance.A comprehensive, unified, and depersonalized body of law, a welltrained and adequate legal profession, and an efficient system of judicial administration are necessary to the mobilization of human resources for national development, to the safeguarding of human rights, and to the orderly and impartial operation of government in the developing (and developed) countries. To participate fully in the international community and share in the benefits of international intercourse, economic and political, the developing countries require carefully developed bodies of law relating to commerce and banking, trade and investment, and the whole field of foreign relations.

Foreign Policy Issues in Japan's 1958 Elections

THE GENERAL ELECTIONS for the Lower House of the Diet, which were held in May I958, provide useful material for a study of Japanese attitudes to foreign policy and to the related questions of rearmament and war. There have been no detailed public opinion polls in these fields for a considerable time and an examination of election issues offers one of the few available statistical methods (albeit a very indirect and inexact one) for judging what Japanese people are thinking in i958 about such crucial problems as their country's alignment with the Western powers, the need to rearm and the use of nuclear weapons. It is generally agreed that foreign policy issues played an unusually important part in the I958 elections. The left-wing opposition (Socialists and Communists) gave more stress than ever to the field of foreign relations; at the same time, the leader of the conservative Liberal-Democratic Party, Mr. Kishi, has, since he first became Prime Minister in February I957, attached the greatest importance to foreign affairs, and his government has done its best to popularize the active policy of economic diplomacy advocated by the Foreign Minister, Mr. Fujiyama. Among the factors that helped to focus attention on foreign policy was the crisis in Japan's relations with China, which came to a head shortly before the elections. As we shall see, the two major parties and the Communists all devoted considerable attention to Sino-Japanese trade and to the vexed problem of policy towards Communist China. Even more important was the fact that both the conservatives and the Socialists tended to avoid controversial domestic issues. There was an extraordinary wide measure of agreement on almost all questions of internal policy that were prominent in the election platforms and speeches. On many of the main domestic issues (including social insurance, help for small and medium business enterprises, tax reduction, government aid to agriculture and fisheries, and the improvement of educational facilities), the two major parties spoke with one voice. At the same time, such moot points as support for constitutional revision or for the control of large business combines were largely avoided. It is significant that in analyzing the election results Mr. Suzuki, the chairman of the Socialist Party, should have mentioned his party's failure to emphasize the differences

Toward a Theory of International Politics

Recently a group of scholars, analysts, and diplomatists met for a weekend conference on theoretical approaches to international politics. Their discussion was inspired by the widespread and growing interest in conceptual and theoretical problems illustrated by parallel efforts in the study of politics, economics, law, and human relations. In the field of foreign relations the impulse toward theory comes from practitioners as well as philosophers. Indeed a former Secretary of State maintains that our most urgent need is for “an applicable body of theory in foreign policy.” Practical men with first-hand diplomatic experience point to the need for rational generalizations and intellectual structures to extract meaning from the jet stream of contemporary events. The intellectual processes by which practical judgments are made along a moving front of events clearly demand inquiry and analysis. Theory in the study of international politics perhaps derserves a special priority because of the urgency of the problem and the stridency of the debate generated by competing approaches each claiming to have preempted the field. Perhaps what is called for is a sorting out and assessment of the intellectual factors that go into diverse theories of international politics at varying levels of abstraction and generality. This sorting out was one of the objectives of the conferees. Similarly this paper seeks to review the nature and purpose of theory, its limitations, and the characteristics of the chief types of theory in international politics.