Field Of Dentistry Research Articles

With the continuous development of digital technology, three-dimensional (3D) facial scanning technology is becoming more and more widely used in dentistry, where it enhances the precision of various processes of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and provides new perspectives and tools for dental research and application. Nowadays, 3D facial scanning technology meets clinical needs in terms of accuracy, and most facial scanners have an accuracy of 140-1 330 μm, and the 3D facial scanning related applications of smartphones can also meet the clinical application needs to a certain extent. In the clinical field, the 3D scanner can be combined with a variety of technologies to achieve multi-modal data fusion and create virtual patients, and its prediction rate in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome is as high as 91%, which has great clinical application value. This article aims to explore the research status, clinical applications, and accuracy analysis of 3D facial scanning techniques in the field of dentistry.

Bioglass in dentistry: A comprehensive review of current applications and innovative frontiers.

Horizontal platelet-rich fibrin (H-PRF), containing bioactive cytokines, cells, and a three-dimensional fibrin scaffold, has been widely applied in periodontal and peri-implant tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, its suboptimal mechanical strength and rapid degradation limit its clinical application. There is an urgent need for strategies that enhance its durability without compromising biocompatibility. This study introduces tannic acid (TA) as a biocompatible crosslinking agent to improve the mechanical performance and degradation resistance of H-PRF membranes. H-PRF membranes treated with 10 mg/mL TA for 5 min exhibited optimal mechanical properties, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and tensile strength testing. Compared with conventional H-PRF, TA-PRF demonstrated prolonged degradation in plasmin digestion assays and enhanced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), including greater resistance to bacterial penetration in vitro. These findings indicate that TA modification provides a straightforward, cost-effective, and biocompatible approach for producing H-PRF membranes with superior mechanical strength, extended longevity, and enhanced antibacterial properties, which could serve as promising alternatives or adjuncts to conventional barrier membranes in regenerative dentistry and related fields, and may pave the way for broader clinical applications in soft and hard tissue regeneration.

Cohen has emphasized that the recommended thresholds for effect sizes should only be used in the absence of detailed information about effect size distributions within specific fields. The study aimed to establish updated effect size thresholds (Cohen's d, Hedges' g and Pearson's r) tailored for research in dentistry. Following methodologies from prior research on effect sizes, the data was extracted from meta-analyses published in the top 10 ranked dentistry journals. The 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles were calculated for Pearson's r values, as well as for Cohen's d or Hedges' g. A total of 4,250 studies were analyzed, with statistical analyses conducted using the R programming language. The 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles for Pearson's r in individual differences research were 0.16, 0.40 and 0.67, respectively. For Hedges' g, the percentiles corresponding to small, medium and large effect sizes were 0.10, 0.35 and 0.86, respectively. In light of these findings, researchers in the field of dentistry are encouraged to adopt the following thresholds: for Pearson's r, 0.20 for small effects, 0.40 for medium effects and 0.70 for large effects; and for Cohen's d or Hedges' g, 0.10 for small effects, 0.40 for medium effects and 0.90 for large effects. These updated thresholds can improve the rigor and quality of dental research, ultimately benefiting patients through enhanced diagnostics and treatment strategies.

Objective: To assess advancements in polyetheretherketone (PEEK) research within the field of dentistry. Methods: The search was conducted within the Web of Science database and included publications related to PEEK through 2023. The search string utilized comprised the primary focus term "PEEK" and additional keywords such as "dent*", "oral, restorat*", "prosthodont*", and "tooth, teeth, and implant*". Metadata encompassing titles, abstracts, keywords, authors, affiliations, countries, and references were extracted. Bibliometric metrics, including documents, authors, journals, and keywords, were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Between 1997 and 2022, 607 publications on PEEK were found to have 12,115 citations. Scholars in China (138 articles, 22.7%), Germany (118 articles, 19.4%), and the United States (71 articles, 11.8%) actively participated in the research on PEEK, and publications from Germany (3594 citations, 29.7%) had the most citations. Dental Materials (45 articles, 7.4%) and the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry (42 articles, 6.9%) were the major contributing journals. Among 1433 keywords, application-, material- and manufacturing-related keywords yielded highly normalized citations. The term map revealed that the major application of PEEK was related to dental implants. Conclusion: This analysis yielded crucial insights into the overall number of publications and citations related to PEEK and its diverse applications. China has emerged as the predominant contributor in this field, publishing the greatest number of articles. Notably, the University of Zurich from Switzerland stood out as the foremost institute in terms of both productivity and impact. Keywords: Bibliometrics, polyetheretherketone, research

Background: New studies in the dental field have been focusing on the surface modification and macro design of dental implants to enhance and speed up their primary stability and osseointegration (secondary stability). Attempts are being made to find materials that can enhance and accelerate the formation of bone cells at the implant-bone interface contact area and to improve osseointegration to offer early or immediate loading after implantation and reduce the waiting time, which can be distressing for patients. One of the latest significant findings is that the osseointegration of implants can be improved by changing the surface texture and roughness of the implant. This can increase the rate of success of dental implants, especially in more difficult conditions or areas. In cases of immediate implantation, it is necessary to reduce the period of healing before the loading and to enhance the secondary stability process of dental implants in challenging clinical situations, despite advanced surface modification treatments. Aim: To evaluate the effect of a reactive plasma sputtering tantalum oxynitride (TaON) coating on the osseointegration of commercial pure titanium (CpTi) screws at the implant-bone contact area in diabetic rabbits by measuring the removal torque value (RTV) two weeks post-implantation. Materials and methods: Commercially pure titanium (CpTi) screws were coated with TaON for eight hours using reactive plasma sputtering. Ten (10) white New Zealand rabbits were used, of which five were normal and five were diabetes-induced. The femurs of each rabbit were inserted with two screws, one femur received TaON-coated screws and other one received non-coated, for a total of 40 screws. Twenty (20) screws were inserted in the normal rabbits, 10 of which were non-coated and 10 were TaON-coated. At the same time, the same distribution of 20 screws were inserted in the diabetes-induced rabbits. A reverse torque test (RTT) was performed two weeks post-implantation to measure the implant-bone osseointegration in both groups. Results: The RTV of the TaON-coated CpTi screws from both groups was significantly higher than that of the noncoated CpTi screws two weeks post-implantation. There was an obvious increase in the RTV at the implant-bone interface contact area with time. The RTV of the TaON-coated CpTi screws two weeks post-implantation in the normal rabbits was 34.4 N-cm, 31.2 N-cm in the diabetic rabbits, 27.8 N-cm for the normal rabbits implanted with the non-coated CpTi screws, and 23.7 N-cm for the diabetic rabbits. Conclusion: The coating of CpTi screws with tantalum oxynitride (TaON) by reactive plasma sputtering significantly increased the RTV of the implants and improved osseointegration two weeks post-implantation better than the noncoated CpTi screws in the diabetic and normal rabbits

In the field of pediatric dentistry, preventing microleakage of glass ionomer cement (GIC) is important for clinical success. The abrasion and roughness of the surface of the restorative material that results from brushing can cause microleakage. The application of surface protection is intended to prevent this situation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of microleakage following toothbrushing after the application of GICs with or without surface protection. Cavities formed on the buccal surfaces of 180 extracted primary teeth were restored with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and the teeth were divided into 3 groups according to the surface protection application, with an equal number of samples in each group (n = 60). The thermal cycle was applied to all samples. Subsequently, the groups were divided into 5 subgroups (n = 12/group) according to the brushing simulation (no brushing, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of brushing). The samples were stored in 2% methylene blue for 24 h and sectioned in the buccolingual direction. The presence of microleakage was determined with the use of a stereomicroscope. The data was statistically analyzed. No statistically significant differences were observed between the main groups at all brushing times (p > 0.05). However, higher microleakage results were obtained in the group without surface protection. When the groups were evaluated according to the duration of brushing, no statistically significant differences were identified (p > 0.05), but higher microleakage results were obtained in the samples that underwent brushing for 12 months. Although statistically significant results were not obtained in terms of microleakage regarding surface protection application and brushing, it should be noted that coating restorations with surface protectants may contribute to a smoother surface and marginal integrity, and may be beneficial in reducing microleakage.

Objectives This study employs a bibliometric analysis to explore the forefront and research directions of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of dentistry, aiming to understand the current status and limitations of AI applications in dentistry and provide insights for the future development of AI applications in dentistry.Methods Literature data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collections database. CiteSpace was used for authorship, country, institution, and keyword analysis, with results visualised accordingly.Results Research on AI applications in dentistry has surged since 2019 and shows an increasing trend annually. China and the United States have the most co-occurring publications in this field. Keyword clustering analysis reveals two main research directions: technological applications, and dental subspecialty research. Keyword burst analysis highlights prolonged attention to convolutional neural networks and supervised machine learning.Conclusion Bibliometric analysis indicates that current research hotspots in the field primarily focus on oral disease diagnosis and treatment methods. However, further development and optimisation in AI models, as well as its training data and its capabilities for comprehensive analysis, are needed to realise its full potential in this field.

Dynamic navigation systems in dento-alveolar surgery: advancements and clinical applications.

Oral medicine is the field of dentistry that deals with oral and maxillofacial diseases and the medical conditions that affect the oral and maxillofacial areas. Oral medicine specialists are well versed in the medical conditions affecting the oral and maxillofacial areas and their management, thereby being considered one of the best to treat patients with special care needs. For patients with special care needs, oral hygiene is often affected directly and indirectly as these patients are associated with medical conditions. Although there are numerous advances in dentistry, the oral hygiene of patients with special care needs is still compromised. This article briefly explains the role of dental practitioners in the oral care of patients with special care needs and in improving the oral health of special health care patients.

BackgroundThe use of sedation in the field of pediatric dentistry is becoming increasingly prevalent. While general anesthesia is perceived as a safer alternative, the appropriate use of sedatives, in conjunction with a well-trained team, can effectively mitigate the risks associated with sedation. Our study aims to identify safe drug combinations for prolonged sedation.MethodsThis study was conducted in the Operating Room of the Faculty of Dentistry at Akdeniz University. It encompassed 126 patients, classified as ASA 1–2, aged between 3 and 12 years, who underwent dental treatment with sedation support in the Department of Pedodontics from May to December 2022. The patients were categorized into three groups: (1) Ketamine, (2) Propofol-Ketamine (PK), and (3) Dexmedetomidine-Ketamine (DK). During the procedures, vital signs, the requirement for additional doses, complications, and interventions were meticulously documented. Additionally, the Ramsay Sedation Score (RSS), dentist satisfaction during the procedure, recovery time, and Aldrete scores for the postoperative 1st and 2nd hours were also recorded.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of age, gender, mean weight, and ASA. The minimum requirement for additional doses was recorded in the DK group. Respiratory depression, apnea, hypoxia, and related maneuvers were most frequently observed in the PK group. DK group had minimum requirement for airway suction event. Hypertension and tachycardia were most frequently observed in the K group, while hypotension and bradycardia were most frequently recorded in the DK group. PONV were most common in the K group in which high ketamine doses were administered. RSS was highest in the DK group. The longest recovery times were observed in the DK group. 1st hour Aldrete scores were lower in the DK group. Dentists reached the highest level of satisfaction in the DK group.ConclusionsThis retrospective study provides comparative insights into three sedation regimens for pediatric dental procedures. The dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination demonstrated superior intraoperative stability and fewer respiratory complications, though recovery was prolonged. These findings may guide clinicians in selecting appropriate sedation strategies to improve safety and procedural outcomes in cases involving shared airway management.

AI Acceptability in Dentistry: Insights from Dental Professionals and Students in the Netherlands: A Pilot Study

Natural polysaccharides are polymers that are typically made up of over ten monosaccharides connected by glycosidic linkages. Because of their sustainability, renewability, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, natural polysaccharides and their derivatives have found extensive application in the food, pharmaceutical, medical and dental industries in recent years. Chitosan is one of the important members of the natural polysaccharide family with proven antimicrobial, biocompatibility, biodegradability, solubility and film-forming properties. These characteristics make chitosan an excellent candidate for biomedical applications. Chitosan, either alone or in conjunction with other materials, were used in many preclinical and clinical studies related to oral health. There is a growing body of research in these areas indicating its raising trends. The aim of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive update on the applications of chitosan in various fields of dentistry. To investigate this, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus and Embase databases were searched until April 2025. A total of 41 clinical human trials published in the last ten years were included. The contents of these studies were qualitatively and critically assessed. Based on the studies covered in this review, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Chitosan is a safe and effective biomaterial for oral and dental applications. (2) Chitosan has been used nearly in all fields of stomatology. (3) Chitosan has been used in the form of gel, solution, scaffold, mouthwash, brush, toothpaste, coating material, intra-canal medicament, sustainable drug release compound, chewing gum, adhesive and varnish. (4) The preliminary research shows promising results. (5) However, at this stage and compared to the established treatment modalities, their utilization in human clinical trials should be viewed as promising supplementary and adjuncts pending further validation through further clinical trials.

Classic Publications in the Field of Dentistry: A Bibliometric Analysis.

In the realm of medical education, the utility of chatbots is being explored with growing interest. One pertinent area of investigation is the performance of these models on standardized medical examinations, which are crucial for certifying the knowledge and readiness of healthcare professionals. In Poland, dental and medical students have to pass crucial exams known as LDEK (Medical-Dental Final Examination) and LEK (Medical Final Examination) exams respectively. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of chatbots: ChatGPT-4, Gemini and Claude to evaluate their accuracy in answering exam questions of the LDEK and the Medical-Dental Verification Examination (LDEW), using queries in both English and Polish. The analysis of Generalized Linear Mixed-Effects Model, which compared chatbots within question groups, showed that the chatbot Claude achieved the highest probability of accuracy for all question groups except the area of prosthetic dentistry compared to ChatGPT-4 and Gemini. In addition, the probability of a correct answer to questions in the field of integrated medicine was higher than in the field of dentistry for all chatbots in both prompt languages. Our results demonstrated that Claude achieved the highest accuracy in all areas analysed and outperformed other chatbots. This suggests that Claude has significant potential to support the medical education of dental students. This study showed that the performance of chatbots varied depending on the prompt language and the specific field. This highlights the importance of considering language and specialty when selecting a chatbot for educational purposes.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-17030-0.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots are increasingly employed in various fields of dentistry. However, their capability to interpret panoramic radiographs and classify impacted mandibular third molars has not yet been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of four widely used large language model-based chatbots in this context. A total of 93 impacted mandibular third molars were assessed using panoramic radiographs. Four chatbots-ChatGPT-4o, Gemini 2.5 Pro, Claude Sonnet 4.0, and Copilot (GPT-4)-were asked to classify each case according to the Pell and Gregory, Winter, and Rood and Shehab systems without any additional guidance. Three experts then rated each chatbot response using a Global Quality Score. Inter-rater reliability and diagnostic agreement were analyzed. Inter-rater agreement was high among human evaluators (ICC: 0.886-0.935, p < 0.001). No significant difference was found in GQS ratings across the chatbots (p > 0.05), although ChatGPT-4o received the highest mean score (2.41 ± 1.03). ChatGPT-4o also performed significantly better in the Winter classification (κ = 0.171; p = 0.005). Gemini 2.5 Pro showed moderate agreement in root-related findings, whereas Copilot (GPT-4) showed more consistency in canal-related parameters (p < 0.05). No chatbot demonstrated acceptable agreement in the Pell and Gregory classification (p > 0.05). While AI-based chatbots showed potential for interpreting panoramic images, their current performance in third molar classification remains suboptimal at present. ChatGPT-4o outperformed other models in certain tasks, but none achieved expert-level accuracy. Further improvements, particularly with multimodal AI models and labeled datasets, are essential for future clinical integration.

Background/Objectives: Conventional logistic regression is widely used in the field of dentistry, specifically for prediction purposes in longitudinal studies. This study aimed to compare the validity of different supervised machine learning (ML) models to the conventional logistic regression (LR) model to predict the outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Methods: Patients diagnosed with periodontitis received full periodontal charting, including bleeding on probing (BoP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Furthermore, the tooth type, tooth location, tooth surface, arch type, and gingival phenotype were also collected as site-specific predictors. Later, root surface debridement was provided and treatment outcomes were evaluated after 3 months. Site-specific predictors were used to train five ML models, including random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), support vector classifier (SVC), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and Gaussian naïve Bayes (GNB), to develop predictive models. Results: Site-specific predictors of 1108 examined sites were used, and the overall accuracy prediction of the conventional LR model was 70.4%, with PPD statistically significantly associated with the outcome of NSPT (odds ratio = 0.577, p = 0.001). Among the ML models examined, only GNB and SVC showed comparable prediction accuracy (71.0% and 70.4%, respectively) to the LR model, whereas the prediction accuracies of KNN, RF, and DT were 65.0%, 62.0%, and 61.0%, respectively. Similarly, baseline PPD was shown to be the most important featured predictor by both the RF and DT models. Conclusions: The evidence suggests that supervised ML models do not outperform the LR model in predicting the outcomes of NSPT. A larger sample size and more predictors of periodontitis are necessary to enhance the accuracy of ML models over the LR model in predicting the outcomes of NSPT.

Metric-based reviews have been rapidly growing in dentistry. Analyzing their scientific profile and proposing a design method is essential for ensuring quality. This study aims to analyze the profile of metric-based reviews and establish a reporting guideline for such studies in dentistry. The search for articles was conducted in Scopus in December 2024. The main characteristics of the studies were extracted. Collaborative network maps were created using VOSviewer. A guideline was developed based on the profile of the selected reviews. A total of 683 articles were included in the analysis. A significant highlight was observed for bibliometric reviews (n = 631), followed by altmetric studies (n = 31), which were typically global in nature (n = 497). Most reviews aimed to evaluate the scientific landscape of a specific dental topic (n = 530). The articles were primarily associated with general dentistry (n = 172). Most studies conducted their searches in a single database (n = 530). Bibliometric analyses were predominantly conducted on the Web of Science (n = 248), while altmetric analyses were mainly conducted on Altmetric (n = 31). Brazil was the country with the highest representation (n = 121). The practical guide (METRICS) was developed based on the analysis of the reviews. Metric-based analyses have grown dramatically in recent years in the field of dentistry. These studies were mainly global bibliometric reviews associated with general dentistry, with a significant contribution from Brazilian researchers. The protocol developed is essential for ensuring standardization and higher quality in future analyses.

Introduction: In the ever-evolving field of dentistry, technology continues to push boundaries, enhancing both patient experience and clinical outcomes and digital intraoral scanners are one of the tools contributing to it and have been developed significantly in the recent years. Traditionally, dental impressions involved messy trays and putty-like materials, often causing discomfort to the patients, time consuming and sometimes resulting in inaccuracies. However, with the advent of Intraoral scanners, it has offered numerous benefits to both dentists and patients. The scanner comprises of two types- direct scanners and indirect scanners. The various intraoral scanning systems are reviewed in this article. Description: On reviewing a total of fifteen articles data was obtained based on dimensional accuracy, several trials of scans, internal and marginal gaps to compare both the types of scanners. These articles are obtained from PubMed and EBSCO Host which are published between 2015 and 2022. Results: Direct scanner excels in the property of having a lower deviation in teeth that have undergone more extensive preparation in the full and half arch but has a low amount of internal and marginal gap as compared to indirect scanners. The results of studies conducted were inconsistent based on dimensional accuracy, but indirect scanners were considered superior to direct scanners. The type of scanning systems was determined on various factors like time, convenience, area to be scanned and patient’s comfort. The clinical results were accepted for both the scanning systems. Key words: Digital Impressions, Intraoral Scanners, Lab Scanners, Dental Marginal Adaptation, Impression accuracy.

Zirconia is a high-strength ceramic and has increasing importance, particularly in the field of aesthetic dentistry for crown restorations. Multi-composition-layered-type (MCL) zirconia is attracting attention as a new material that integrates high light transmittance with mechanical strength. However, there are no reports on the deformation induced by sintering in MCL zirconia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the sintering distortion of MCL zirconia. An experimental fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) was designed based on a 4-unit monolithic zirconia FDP. A MCL with no color gradation and an MCL with color gradation were selected. Particularly, three milling areas—the top end of the disk (area I) (n = 7), vertical center (area II) (n = 7), and bottom end of the disk (area III) (n = 7)—were investigated. Moreover, sintering distortions generated by experimental FDPs were measured. Sintering distortion was detected in all areas. The direction of distortion varied by area—positive in area I, negative in area II, and approximately zero in area III—with a significant difference between areas I and II (p = 0.001). The largest absolute distortion was observed in c-MCL-A (area I); the corresponding marginal gaps were ~89.4 μm (second molar) and ~56.9 μm (first premolar), both below the clinical threshold of 120 μm.