Field Of Biomedical Sciences Research Articles

Hfq influences ciprofloxacin accumulation in Escherichia coli independently of ompC and ompF post-transcriptional regulation.

The antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria is currently one of the major problems in medicine, and finding novel antibacterial agents is one of the most difficult tasks in the field of biomedical sciences. Studies on such tasks can be successful only if genetic and molecular mechanisms leading to antibiotic resistance/sensitivity are understood. Previous reports indicated that the bacterial protein Hfq, discovered as an RNA chaperone but subsequently demonstrated to play also other functions in cells, is involved in the mechanisms of the response of bacterial cells to antibiotics. Recently, it was found that Hfq dysfunction resulted in more effective accumulation of an antibiotic ciprofloxacin in Escherichia coli cells irrespective of the presence or absence of the AcrB efflux pump. However, small RNA-mediated impairment of expression of the ompF gene, which encodes a porin involved in antibiotics influx, reversed the effects of the absence of Hfq on the antibiotic accumulation. This led to the hypothesis that Hfq might influence ciprofloxacin accumulation in the manner independent on its RNA chaperone function, as this protein might also influence cellular membrane structure and functions. Here, we demonstrate that in ompC and ompF mutants of E. coli, accumulation of ciprofloxacin is significantly impaired in the absence of Hfq or its C-terminal domain. These results corroborate the above-mentioned hypothesis on a sRNA-independent mechanism of Hfq-mediated modulation of the antibiotic transmembrane transport. Since fluoroquinolones use both protein- and lipid-mediated pathways to cross the outer membrane, Hfq may influence both processes. This possibility will be discussed herein.

Therapeutic potential of microalgae-derived natural compounds in diabetic wound healing: A comprehensive review.

Therapeutic potential of microalgae-derived natural compounds in diabetic wound healing: A comprehensive review.

Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Dried Leaves of Camellia sinensis: Methods to Characterize and Assess Their Effects on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Viability.

Stem cell nanotechnology (SCN) is an important scientific field to guide stem cell-based research of nanoparticles. Currently, nanoparticles (NPs) have a rich spectrum regarding the sources from which they are obtained (metallic, polymeric, etc.), the methods of obtaining them (physical, chemical, biological), and their shape, size, electrical charge, etc. properties. It is also essential to expand green synthesis applications for the use of NPs in the field of biomedical sciences. For this purpose, there is a need to produce NPs using biological sources (plant, microorganism, algae, yeast etc.…), characterization and investigation of their effects on biological activities of stem cells. This process involves long and laborious procedures, and there may be differences in methods between individual laboratories.In this protocol, biofabrication and characterization of ZnO NPs using dried leaves of Camellia sinensis is described. This experimental setup includes conventional and novel methods that can be applied to biofabricate and characterize the NPs and to examine the viability, apoptotic, and necrotic effects on human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) in vitro.

Innovations in RNA therapeutics: a review of recent advances and emerging technologies.

The field of biomedical science has witnessed another milestone with the advent of RNA-based therapeutics. This review explores three major RNA molecules, namely: messenger RNA (mRNA), RNA interference technology (RNAi), and Antisense Oligonucleotide (ASO), and analyses U.S. Food and Drug Administration drugs from 14 RNA-based pharmaceutical companies in terms of targeted genes, diseases and types, clinical trials and status, the mode of delivery, and the year of production. Many of such drugs are clinically approved or pending approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) alongside other leading drugs agencies. Regarding diseases, this article emphasizes cancer therapy, genetic diseases, viral infections, and two categories of drug delivery systems include viral vectors and nanoparticles. Despite the tremendous progress made, key issues associated with these delivery systems are stability, off-target activities of RNA payloads, efficiency in cellular uptake, and the innovative need for engineering techniques for modifications. This review emphasizes the transformative potential of RNA therapeutics and the role of innovative technologies in addressing clinical needs, paving the way for a new era in precision medicine.

Inorganic nanoparticle-based nanogels and their biomedical applications.

The advent of nanotechnology has brought tremendous progress in the field of biomedical science and opened avenues for advanced diagnostics and therapeutics applications. Several nanocarriers such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and nanogels have been designed to increase the drug efficiency and targeting ability in patients. Nanoparticles based on gold, silver, and iron are dominantly used for biomedical purposes owing to their biocompatibility properties. Nanoparticles offer an enhanced permeation into tissue vessels; however, their short half-life, toxicity, and off-site accumulations limit their functionality. The above shortcomings could be prevented by employing an integrated system combining nanoparticles with a nanogel-based system. These nanogels are 3D polymeric networks formed by physical and chemical crosslinking and are capable of incorporating nanoparticles, drugs, proteins, and genetic materials. Modification, functionalization, and introduction of inorganic nanoparticles have been shown to enhance the properties of nanogels, such as biocompatibility, stimuli responsiveness, stability, and selectivity. This review paper is focused on the design, synthesis, and biomedical application of inorganic nanoparticle-based nanogels. Current challenges and future perspectives will be briefly discussed to emphasize the versatile role of these multifunctional nanogels for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.

Understanding developing kidneys and Wilms tumors one cell at a time.

Understanding developing kidneys and Wilms tumors one cell at a time.

Preface

It is both an honor and a privilege to introduce this inaugural issue of Biomaterials Connect. Biomaterials Connect is a newly established journal that intends to be an inclusive forum for all researchers, scientists, engineers, and professionals working within the various fields of biomaterials science. The purpose is to encourage contribution to multi-disciplinary interaction, the diffusion of new ideas, and progress in biomaterials research and applications, particularly those related to medicine and dentistry. Biomaterials Connect is based on the belief that biomaterials will continue to form the foundation of healthcare advances. In collaboration with Scifiniti, we are committed to delivering a premier, peer-reviewed journal to fulfill the multi-faceted and changing needs of the biomaterials community. Now more than ever, it is critical to remove the barriers among disciplines and provide fertile ground on which cutting-edge research will flourish to enhance health and improve quality of life. It is a matter of great pride to present a collection of articles that truly highlights the breadth and depth of biomaterial research. This issue features two state-of-the-art review articles: one focused on the biofunctional applications of chitosan in dentistry, and another examining the role of MEMS and nanomaterials in the advancement of diagnostics and therapeutics in healthcare. In addition, this issue presents three experimental studies addressing current challenges in medicine and dentistry. These include an investigation into the effects of surface treatment of hemp fibers on the properties of polyethylene composites, a study on the synthesis and characterization of laurate ester of acetate cellulose, and research on the translucency and polymerization efficiency of contemporary resin composites. Finally, we discuss briefly the disruptive potential of 3D printing in the biomaterials field. Biomaterials Connect will cover a broad scope including, but not limited to, tissue engineering, medical devices, dental implants, biocompatibility, nanotechnology, and 3D printing. Original research articles, reviews, perspectives, and commentaries that contribute to the development of biomaterials science are invited. We aim to create a forum for an interactive and creative community that challenges established dogma by facilitating research across disciplinary boundaries. I feel very privileged to stand as Editor-in-Chief of this journal, supported by such an enthusiastic Editorial Board and an extensive network of renowned reviewers. We share a common goal: to maintain scientific stringency and integrity at the highest possible standards. I now call on all researchers from the international community to join this exciting journey and share valuable inputs and results with Biomaterials Connect. Thank you for your support, and I hope you find this first issue both informative and inspiring.

The MRL Model: A Valuable Tool in Studies of Autoimmunity-Brain Interactions.

The link between systemic autoimmunity, brain pathology, and aberrant behavior is still largely unexplored field of biomedical science. Accumulating evidence points to causal relationships between immune factors, neurodegeneration, and neuropsychiatric manifestations. By documenting autoimmunity-associated neuronal degeneration and cytotoxicity of the cerebrospinal fluid from disease-affected subjects, the murine MRL model has shown high validity in revealing principal pathogenic circuits. In addition, unlike any other autoimmune strain, MRL mice produce antibodies commonly found in patients suffering from lupus and other autoimmune disorders. This review highlights the importance of the MRL model as a useful preparation for understanding the links between the immune system and brain function.

Biowaste Transformation to Functional Materials: Structural Properties, Extraction Methods, Applications, and Challenges of Silk Sericin

AbstractThis review underscores the novelty of silk sericin, often regarded as a byproduct in silk production. Comprising approximately 30% of silk, sericin possesses valuable properties that have been largely overlooked in favor of silk fibroin. This work focuses on innovative extraction methods to convert sericin, typically considered waste, into a valuable resource. By examining these extraction techniques alongside diverse applications, the review aims to enhance the recognition and utilization of silk sericin in research and industry. Various extraction processes where the traditional methods, and some new techniques, are all discussed. In detail, the advantages, limitations, and strategy optimization associated with each extraction method are highlighted. For instance, silk sericin has shown promise as a wound treatment agent, a scaffold for tissue engineering, a carrier for drug delivery, and a biomaterial for regenerative medicine in the field of biomedical science due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. Additionally, it also finds application in the cosmetic industry, where it is used in skincare products due to its moisturizing, antioxidant, and antiaging properties. Eventually, the challenges, limitations, and prospects of silk sericin are intensively discussed. This comprehensive review is expected to serve the growing body of knowledge surrounding silk sericin and foster further research and development of silk sericin‐related fields.

Alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate incorporated with tri-calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite bioceramics as potential scaffold for bone regeneration

Alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate incorporated with tri-calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite bioceramics as potential scaffold for bone regeneration

Controlled Photooxidation via Singlet Oxygen Generation by Triplet Harvesting in a Heavy Atom Free Pure Organic Dithienylethene-Naphthalene Diimide.

Noninvasive control over the reversible generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) has found the enormous practical implications in the field of biomedical science. However, metal-free pure organic emitters, connected with a photoswitch, capable of generating "on-demand" 1O2 via triplet harvesting remain exceedingly rare; therefore, the utilization of these organic materials for the reversible control of singlet oxygen production remains at its infancy. Herein, an ambient triplet mediated emission in quinoline-dithienylethene (DTE)-core-substituted naphthalene diimide (cNDI) derivative is unveiled via delayed fluorescence. The quinoline-DTE-cNDI triad displayed enhanced photoswitching efficiency via double FRET mechanism. It was found to have direct utilization in controlled photosensitized organic transformations via efficient generation of singlet oxygen (yield ΦΔ~0.55 in DCM and 0.73 in methanol). The designed molecule exhibits a long-lived emission (τ∼1.1 μs) and very small singlet-triplet splitting (ΔEST) of 0.13 eV empowering it to display delayed fluorescence. Comprehensive steady state and time-resolved emission spectroscopy (TRES) analyses along with DFT calculations offer detailed understandings into the excited-state manifolds of organic compound and energy transfer (ET) pathways involved in 1O2 generation.

Influence of non-linear thermal radiation on the dynamics of homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions between the cone and the disk

Abstract Purpose The current work presents a theoretical framework to boost heat transmission in a ternary hybrid nanofluid with homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions in the conical gap between the cone and disk apparatus. Furthermore, the impacts of non-linear thermal radiation on the ternary hybrid nanofluid composed of white graphene, diamond, and titanium dioxide dispersed in water are analyzed. Originality/value The combination of cone and disk systems is crucial for designing efficient heat exchange devices in the field of biomedical science for various purposes. For instance, in medical devices, the cone–disk apparatus is used to study the flow and heat transfer characteristics for better design and functionality. Hence, a sincere attempt has been made to study the impact of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions on the nanofluid flow between the cone and disk in the presence of non-linear thermal radiation. Design/methodology/approach The mathematical model’s governing equations are partial differential equations (PDEs) which are then transformed into non-linear ordinary differential equations through appropriate similarity transformations. These transformed resultant equations are approximated by the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth/fifth order (RKF45) technique. The influence of essential aspects on the flow field, heat, and mass transfer rates was analyzed using a graphical representation. Findings The interesting part of this research is to discuss the power of parameters in three cases, namely, (1) rotating cone/disk, (2) rotating cone/stationary disk, and (3) stationary cone/rotating disk. Furthermore, the thermal variation of the fluid is analyzed by an artificial neural network with the help of the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation algorithm. The regression analysis, mean square error, and error histogram of the neural network are analyzed using this algorithm. From the graph, it is perceived that the flow field climbed up significantly with an increase in the values of radiation parameters in all cases. Also, it is noticed that temperature upsurges significantly by upward values of solid volume fraction of the nanoparticles ( ϕ \phi ).

State of art on evaluation of three- to six-dimensional novel additive manufacturing technology for biomedical applications

Additive manufacturing has evolved over the last few decades. Three-dimensional printing is a digital manufacturing technology that provides nearly endless options for the creation of an accessible instrument for all parts of various medical practices, including tissue engineering, through meticulous optimization of material, processing, and geometry for every point in an object. Three-dimensional printing has opened up a new, faster, and safer manufacturing process, despite its incapability to fabricate complex structures and objects. Recently, novel four-dimensional printing techniques have been developed for the transformation of typical stable three-dimensional printed parts into smart objects. The limitations of three-dimensional printing could be remedied with four-dimensional printing, by applying time as the fourth dimension. Self-repairing and speedy printing are two additional benefits of this technology's by using smart materials. By adapting this technology, numerous medical domains could be profited. Four-dimensional printing does not have the ability to produce curved complicated forms. However, five-dimensional printing overcomes the flaws seems in four-dimensional printing. Five-dimensional additive manufacturing relies on the rotation of both the print bed and the extruder head. Five-dimensional printing outlasts in terms of durability than three- and four-dimensional printing. Currently, a combination of the principles of four- and five-dimensional printing into a single process is called six-dimensional printing. In six-dimensional printing, the form changes over time due to the reaction of environmental factors, which is primarily used in biomedical applications. This paper summarizes extensive research on biomaterials in the field of biomedical science and discusses the present implications of three-, four-, five-, and six-dimensional printing techniques.

Silver Nanoparticles in Therapeutics and Beyond: A Review of Mechanism Insights and Applications.

Silver nanoparticles (NPs) have become highly promising agents in the field of biomedical science, offering wide therapeutic potential due to their unique physicochemical properties. The unique characteristics of silver NPs, such as their higher surface-area-to-volume ratio, make them ideal for a variety of biological applications. They are easily processed thanks to their large surface area, strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR), stable nature, and multifunctionality. With an emphasis on the mechanisms of action, efficacy, and prospective advantages of silver NPs, this review attempts to give a thorough overview of the numerous biological applications of these particles. The utilization of silver NPs in diagnostics, such as bioimaging and biosensing, as well as their functions in therapeutic interventions such as antimicrobial therapies, cancer therapy, diabetes treatment, bone repair, and wound healing, are investigated. The underlying processes by which silver NPs exercise their effects, such as oxidative stress induction, apoptosis, and microbial cell membrane rupture, are explored. Furthermore, toxicological concerns and regulatory issues are discussed, as well as the present difficulties and restrictions related to the application of silver NPs in medicine.

Vat photopolymerization of ultra-porous bioactive glass foams

Vat photopolymerization of ultra-porous bioactive glass foams

Ethics Committees in Hospitals

In the face of the increasing technicalisation of medicine, increasingly daring experimentation, especially in the initial and terminal phases of life (on embryos, on the terminally ill), and the dehumanisation of the hospital structure, there is a widespread need to bring the field of biomedical sciences back to a human scale by setting up committees that can somehow safeguard the fundamental purpose of medicine, which is to cure man and defend his dignity as a subject during the healing process itself.

Aptamer-Modified Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acid Synergized with TGF-β3 to Promote Cartilage Protection in Osteoarthritis by Enhancing Chondrogenic Differentiation of MSCs.

Characterized by progressive and irreversible degeneration of the articular cartilage (AC), osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic joint disease, and there is no cure for OA at present. Recent studies suggest that enhancing the recruitment of endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to damaged cartilage is a promising therapeutic strategy for cartilage repair. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA) is a novel DNA nanomaterial and has shown great potential in the field of biomedical science. Transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3), a vital member of the highly conserved TGF-β superfamily, is considered to induce chondrogenesis. A 66-base DNA aptamer named HM69 is reported to identify and recruit MSCs. In this study, aptamer HM69-modified tFNAs were successfully self-assembled and used to load TGF-β3 when the disulfide bonds combined. We confirmed the successful synthesis of the final composition, HM69-tFNA@TGF-β3 (HTT), by PAGE, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy. The results of in vitro experiments showed that HTT effectively induced MSC proliferation, migration, and chondrogenic differentiation. In addition, HTT-treated MSCs were shown to protect the OA chondrocytes. In DMM mice, the injection of HTT improved the therapeutic outcome of mouse pain symptoms and AC degeneration. In conclusion, this study innovatively used the disulfide bonds combined with TGF-β3 and tFNA, and an additional sequence HM69 was loaded on tFNA for the better-targeted recruitment of MSCs. HTT demonstrated its role in promoting the chondrogenesis of MSCs and cartilage protection, indicating that it might be promising for OA therapy.

The application of machine learning in the field of biomedical science

Luyu Gao, Yunyi Zhang, Jiawei Han, and Jamie Callan. Scaling deep contrastive learning batch size under memory limited setup, 2021.

Expression, characterization, and application of human-like recombinant gelatin

Gelatin is a product obtained through partial hydrolysis and thermal denaturation of collagen, belonging to natural biopeptides. With irreplaceable biological functions in the field of biomedical science and tissue engineering, it has been widely applied. The amino acid sequence of recombinant human-like gelatin was constructed through a newly designed hexamer composed of six protein monomer sequences in series, with the minimum repeating unit being the characteristic Gly-X-Y sequence found in type III human collagen α1 chain. The nucleotide sequence was subsequently inserted into the genome of Pichia pastoris to enable soluble secretion expression of recombinant gelatin. At the shake flask fermentation level, the yield of recombinant gelatin is up to 0.057 g/L, and its purity can rise up to 95% through affinity purification. It was confirmed in the molecular weight determination and amino acid analysis that the amino acid composition of the obtained recombinant gelatin is identical to that of the theoretically designed. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy revealed that the freeze-dried recombinant gelatin hydrogel exhibited a porous structure. After culturing cells continuously within these gelatin microspheres for two days followed by fluorescence staining and observation through confocal laser scanning microscopy, it was observed that cells clustered together within the gelatin matrix, exhibiting three-dimensional growth characteristics while maintaining good viability. This research presents promising prospects for developing recombinant gelatin as a biomedical material.

DNA aptamer-functionalized PDA nanoparticles: from colloidal chemistry to biosensor applications.

Polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) are widely utilized in the field of biomedical science for surface functionalization because of their unique characteristics, such as simple and low-cost preparation methods, good adhesive properties, and ability to incorporate amine and oxygen-rich chemical groups. However, challenges in the application of PDA NPs as surface coatings on electrode surfaces and in conjugation with biomolecules for electrochemical sensors still exist. In this work, we aimed to develop an electrochemical interface based on PDA NPs conjugated with a DNA aptamer for the detection of glycated albumin (GA) and to study DNA aptamers on the surfaces of PDA NPs to understand the aptamer-PDA surface interactions using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. PDA NPs were synthesized by the oxidation of dopamine in Tris buffer at pH 10.5, conjugated with DNA aptamers specific to GA at different concentrations (0.05, 0.5, and 5μM), and deposited on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The charge transfer resistance of the PDA NP-coated SPCEs decreased, indicating that the PDA NP composite is a conductive bioorganic material. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the PDA NPs were spherical, and dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy data indicated the successful conjugation of the aptamers on the PDA NPs. The as-prepared electrochemical interface was employed for the detection of GA. The detection limit was 0.17μg/mL. For MD simulation, anti-GA aptamer through the 5'terminal end in a single-stranded DNA-aptamer structure and NH2 linker showed a stable structure with its axis perpendicular to the PDA surface. These findings provide insights into improved biosensor design and have demonstrated the potential for employing electrochemical PDA NP interfaces in point-of-care applications.