Highly effective suppression of herpes simplex virus type 1 by titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

Green engineered silver oxide nanoparticles doped with zirconium: A comparative analysis of structural dynamics and antibacterial effectiveness

Minimal bamboo biochar dosing as sediment additive in sediment microbial fuel cells for bioelectricity production and benthic nutrient removal.

Metal-organic framework (MOF) is known as an advanced material with high surface area and porosity and emerging for environmental remediation. In this study, a sustainable zirconium-based MOF, known as UiO-66 was synthesized using zirconium oxynitrate as a chloride-less metal precursor and organic linker from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET). Synthesis parameters were optimized via Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and achieved the maximum BET surface area of 755 m 2 /g. To evaluate for microplastic removal, the UiO-66 were incorporated into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based mixed-matrix membranes (MMM). The properties and characterizations including X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Raman Spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analysis, confirmed the structure and composition of the materials. Filtration test demonstrated up to 105 ± 0.57 % removal efficiency against polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), act as microplastic suspension. This work presents a sustainable approach to convert plastic waste into functional MOF and offer a green and effective strategy for environmental cleanup applications. • UiO-66 synthesized using chloride-less zirconium metal precursor and recycled PET (rPET). • UiO-66 optimization via Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with optimized BET surface area to 755 m 2 /g. • Filtration by UiO-66-based mixed-matrix membrane achieved > 100 % microplastic removal. • The conversion of plastic waste into functional MOF is sustainable for environmental cleanup.

PMMA assisted filler dispersion and morphology control in multifunctional PVDF based blend nanocomposites for absorption dominant EMI shielding and energy harvesting

The remineralization properties of two newly developed orthodontic primers.

Tetracycline (TC) is a commonly prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotic, and its widespread use together with its persistence in biological matrices, particularly urine, has raised serious concerns related to clinical safety, public health and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, underscoring the need for its accurate and sensitive determination. In this work, an innovative solid-phase microextraction (SPME) strategy was developed for the efficient extraction of TC from human urine samples using polyaniline/phosphotungstic acid/Fe3O4 (PANI/PTA/Fe3O4) nanocomposite coated on stainless-steel substrate. Structural characterization of PANI/PTA/Fe3O4 using field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful incorporation of phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and Fe3O4 within the PANI framework. The resulting polymeric coating exhibited a rough and porous morphology, providing numerous active sites for efficient TC adsorption. Key extraction variables, including coating composition, film thickness, solution pH, ionic strength, extraction duration and desorption conditions, were systematically optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the PANI/PTA/Fe3O4 nanocomposite exhibited excellent analytical performance, with a limit of detection of 0.97ngmL-1, a limit of quantification of 3.24ngmL-1 and good linearity (R 2>0.99) over a wide concentration range. The nanocomposite also exhibited strong reproducibility (intra-day relative standard deviation [RSD] 2.6%-3.9%; inter-day RSD 4.8%-5.0%) and high recoveries in spiked urine samples (99.5%-100.5%). The enhanced sorption performance was attributed to the combined effects of PANI (providing conductivity and π-π/π/hydrogen-bonding interactions), PTA (contributing electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding affinity) and Fe3O4 (imparting magnetic stability and surface activity). Overall, the PANI/PTA/Fe3O4 nanocomposite represents a robust and efficient SPME coating with strong potential for the determination of TC in complex biological matrices. The proposed SPME-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methodology may be further adapted for the analysis of other structurally analogous antibiotics and pharmaceutical analytes in complex biological matrices by rational tailoring of the coating composition.

Improved low-salinity waterflooding via a novel nanocomposite for wettability alteration, interfacial tension reduction, and colloidal stability enhancement in porous medium

In this study, powders of BaBi (1- x ) Co x O 3 (with x = 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mol%) were synthesized using a sol-gel method. These samples were characterized by several techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, UV–Visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS, Mott-Schottky), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with associated EDX chemical analysis. The photocatalytic properties were then assessed against methylene blue (MB) dye. The results indicate that Co doping preferentially occurs at the Bi 3+ sites, leading to the formation of defects in the BaBiO 3 lattice. These defects significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity, leading to approximately 80% MB degradation within 120 min. The photocatalytic activity of BBO against MB dye showed a 14% increase in efficiency under acidic pH conditions, whereas the BBO8C sample proved to be 22% more efficient in a neutral medium compared to the acidic environment. The photocatalytic process was primarily driven by electron-mediated phenomena, as indicated by the 8% and 71% reductions in activity for BBO and BBO8C, respectively, upon the addition of electron scavengers. The findings suggest that Co-doped BaBiO 3 is a promising material for liquid waste treatment, demonstrating effectiveness in degrading methylene blue dye under various environmental conditions. • Facile sol-gel synthesis of Co-doped BaBiO 3 without secondary phases. • Co doping shifts the CB from −0.26 to −0.77 V for enhanced photoactivity. • BaBiO 3 :8%Co achieved 80% degradation of MB dye within 120 min. • The photocatalytic process is primarily driven by electrons. • High chemical stability and reusability over four consecutive catalytic cycles.

Comprehensive evaluation of sacchachitosan-based transdermal films for wound care: Physical, chemical, and biological parameters.

Microstructure and phase evolution of ODS-FeMnNi Medium Entropy Alloys with additions of Y₂O₃, Ti, and Zr prepared by mechanical alloying

Marine ecosystems represent a significant source of bioactive compounds, with cephalopods such as Uroteuthis duvauceli demonstrating considerable therapeutic potential. In this study, marine polysaccharides were extracted from the gladius of U. duvauceli and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The polysaccharide demonstrated notable antioxidant activity, including a DPPH scavenging effect of 45.17% at 10mg/ml, superoxide radical scavenging activity of 64.19% at 10mg/ml, and chelating ability of 71.59% at 10mg/ml. Furthermore, the polysaccharide exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (15 ± 1.53mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (10 ± 0.58mm), as determined by agar diffusion assays. Anticoagulant efficacy was assessed using Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) assays, yielding an APTT of 112 ± 3.52s and a PT of 74 ± 2.25s. These results indicate that U. duvauceli polysaccharides possess significant antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticoagulant properties, underscoring their potential as natural bioactive agents for pharmaceutical development. Further research is required to clarify their mechanisms of action and assess in vivo efficacy.

The rapid expansion of research on green-synthesized nanoparticles (GSNPs), particularly those produced through biological processes, has generated a highly fragmented literature that obscures structural trends and translational gaps. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in Scopus between 2020 and 2025 to map the intellectual landscape of GSNPs and identify priority directions for future research. The findings demonstrate that silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) dominate the field, driven by their established antibacterial effectiveness and broad biomedical and environmental utility. At the same time, plant extracts remain the primary biosynthetic resources, while alternative biological sources, including bacteria and fungi, are still inadequately investigated. The analysis also highlights the limited use of high-resolution characterization tools, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), compared to the prevalent conventional techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), revealing a persistent characterization gap at the nano-bio interface. The geographic analysis highlights Asia, especially India and China, as leading contributors, supported by dense international collaboration networks. Conceptually, the study clarifies green synthesis within the 12 principles of green chemistry, integrating biological, physical, and chemical methods and proposing a taxonomy that resolves the frequent conflation of green synthesis with biosynthesis alone. Finally, by linking bibliometric patterns to toxicity and regulatory keywords, the analysis exposes key barriers to commercialization. It outlines research strategies to advance GSNPs toward scalable and regulation-ready nanotechnology platforms.

This study used the co-precipitation method to produce novel nanorods from bi-functional Co-Ag metal-organic frameworks (BF Co-Ag MOF). CuO was then immobilized onto the BF Co-Ag MOF to create a new heterogeneous catalytic material (BF Co-Ag MOF@CuO). This material was thoroughly examined using several analytical methods, including field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The one-pot, multi-component Hantzsch fabrication of biologically significant fused 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) was used to assess the synthesized nanorods' catalytic efficiency. Dimedone, commercially available aldehydes, and ammonium acetate as a nitrogen source were used in this chemical reaction at 60°C in aqueous media. 1H-NMR and13C-NMR spectroscopy were used to thoroughly analyze the obtained products. The quick fabrication of a wide variety of 1,4-DHPs with short chemical transformation times, straightforward experimental and work-up processes, simple catalytic material preparation, outstanding catalytic performance, notable product outputs, an eco-friendly solvent, and reusability are just a few benefits of the suggested approach.

The aim of this study was to prepare a composite of sawdust of Cedrus deodara with iron oxide nanoparticles (CDION) and to use this sawdust and its composite as adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by co-precipitation method and both the adsorbents were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and pore size analysis. These analyses showed successful loading of iron oxide NPs onto the fibrous surface of sawdust in agglomerated form and specific surface area of the nano-composite was found to be 172 m2/g. The BET surface area of uncoated sawdust (CD) was about 6.8 m2/g. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm gave a better fit for CD while the Langmuir adsorption isotherm better described adsorption process on CDION. The maximum adsorption capacities were 406.52mg/g for CD and 417.70mg/g for CDION. Maximum dye adsorption occurred above pH 3 for CD and above pH 4 for CDION. Kinetic study showed that adsorption of MB on both adsorbents followed pseudo second order kinetics to a greater extent than pseudo first order. The values of Gibbs free energy change, activation energy, and other thermodynamic parameters for adsorption supported the occurrence of physical adsorption of MB on both adsorbents. The adsorption process was found to occur through film diffusion. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, as indicated by negative Gibbs free energy change values, endothermic and resulted in increase in randomness as enthalpy and entropy changes were positive.

Nanozymes have attracted substantial scientific interest due to their considerable practical significance regarding the instability, complex fabrication, and higher cost corresponding to protein enzymes. However, their activity is often restricted to narrow pH ranges with peak performance occurring under acidic conditions. In this work, the self-assembly comprising a cationic gemini surfactant and negatively charged manganese-doped carbon quantum dots (Mn-CQDs) leading to the formation of vesicles was investigated. The electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged Mn-CQDs and the positively charged gemini surfactant is the key mechanism behind the self-assembly. Confocal microscopy (CLSM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to analyze the morphological structures of the self-assembled vesicles. The CLSM images revealed that self-assembled vesicles successfully loaded the dye rhodamine B (RhB) without causing any structural change. The kinetics and catalytic activity of these vesicles were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy to detect peroxidase-like activity. Vesicles acted as nanoreactors by producing a confined, organized structure where the substrate and catalyst combine well to accelerate forward reactions. Finally, a cascade reaction using cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) and glucose oxidase (GOx)-loaded vesicles was employed for the colorimetric detection of cholesterol and glucose, achieving detection limits of 288.75 and 336.73 nM, respectively. Our work highlights a straightforward and robust strategy for creating functional optically active hybrid vesicles, offering potential utility in bioanalysis applications, biotechnology, and environmental chemistry.

Vertical graphene-based electrochemical sensor for cisplatin detection and molecular recognition.

Investigation of Te50Se50-xSnx alloys’ structural and electrical characteristics

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate/magnesium oxide (PEDOT: PSS/MgO) nanohybrids infused with zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) were synthesized using a co-precipitation method. Structural and morphological analyses using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed successful incorporation of dopants and formation of the composite structure. Zn-, and Cd- doped PEDOT: PSS/MgO showed a specific capacitance of 146 Fg⁻¹ and 204 Fg⁻¹ at 10 mVs⁻¹, while galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements showed 15.2 and 27.5 Fg-1 at 0.25 Ag-1 indicating diffusion limitations at higher current densities. The charge transfer resistance of Zn-, and Cd- doped PEDOT: PSS/MgO showed 12.8 Ω and 10.5 Ω showing that Cd- doped PEDOT: PSS/MgO exhibits a lower value suggesting lower charge transfer resistance and faster electron transport at the electrode-electrolyte interface. The Cd-doped electrode produced an open-circuit voltage of 1.33V and effectively powered a red LED, indicating practical applicability. Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations further validated that Cd doping reduces the HOMO-LUMO energy gap (2.64eV) and facilitates charge transfer by reinforcing Cd-O and Cd-Mg interactions. The integration of experimental and theoretical investigations confirms that Cd-doped PEDOT: PSS/MgO is a durable electrode material, providing enhanced charge transport, elevated energy density, and prolonged electrochemical stability for next-generation supercapacitors.

Exploration of Self-cleaning and bactericidal properties of the fine micro-architectured wings of Hemipteran Planthopper, Leafhopper, and Bug.