Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy Images Research Articles

The figure of merit improvement of (Sn, Co)–ZnO sprayed thin films for optoelectronic applications

Nanocrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) has garnered significant attention from researchers and industries due to its superior properties as an optoelectronic material, particularly in solar cells as a transparent electrode. Doping, especially with tin (Sn) and co-doping with tin and cobalt (Co), can refine its optoelectronic properties. In this manuscript, we report on the optoelectronic properties of undoped ZnO thin films, as well as those doped with Sn and/or Co, elaborated using a simple chemical pneumatic spray pyrolysis method on glass substrates. A 1 % Sn doping concentration was used, with Co doping concentrations of 0 %, 0.5 %, and 1 %. The effects of Sn and/or Co doping concentration on the structure, morphology, optical, and electrical properties of nanocrystalline ZnO were studied using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy and Hall effect measurements. All the films studied exhibit wurtzite ZnO structures with a predominant (002) orientation and no secondary phase, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The Raman spectroscopy also reveals the presence of a wurtzite structure in all the films. The FESEM images reveal the kind and concentration of the dopants significantly influenced the surface morphology of the films. The elemental analysis with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) analysis successfully detected the doping of Sn and Co. The analysis of UV–Vis spectroscopy provide that the optical band gap for the undoped ZnO film is 3.25 eV. This band gap increases upon doping and co-doping, reaching a peak value of 3.30 eV for the Sn:Co (1 %:0.5 %) co-doped ZnO film. The ZnO film shows an improvement in the electrical resistivity upon doping and co-doping with low resistivity value of 1.95 × 10−2 Ω cm for the film (1%Sn, 0.5 % Co)–ZnO. The highest figure of merit (FOM) achieved is 1.41 × 10−4 Ω−1 for a ZnO thin film co-doped with (1 % Sn, 0.5 % Co). The existence of (1 % Sn, 0.5 % Co) film with improved optical gap, low electrical resistivity and high FOM supports its use in transparent conductive oxide applications.

Synthesis of Copper Molybdate and Its Electrochemical Sensing of Paracetamol.

Background In recent years, significant advancements have been made in various scientific sectors, particularly in healthcare and pharmaceutical research. This progress has been driven by the development of enhanced sensing materials and methodologies. Electrochemical sensing has become an important tool in detecting and analyzing drug molecules due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and rapid response times. Among various drugs, paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is widely used for its analgesic and antipyretic properties. Accurate detection of paracetamol is crucial due to its widespread use and potential for overdose, which can lead to severe liver damage.Copper molybdate (CuMoO4) is a transition metal oxide that has garnered attention for its excellent electrical conductivity and electrochemical stability. These properties make it a promising candidate for use in electrochemical sensors. The ability of CuMoO4 to act as a sensor material is enhanced by its unique structural and morphological characteristics, which can be tailored during synthesis. Aim This study aimed to synthesize CuMoO4 and investigate its electrochemical sensing capability for the detection of drug molecules, specifically paracetamol. Materials and method CuMoO4 was synthesized using a precipitation method that did not involve any surfactants. This approach was chosen to simplify the synthesis process and avoid potential contamination from surfactants. The morphology of the synthesized CuMoO4 nanoparticles was investigated using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the purity of the CuMoO4 nanomaterial. Structural analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). To evaluate the electrochemical sensing capability of CuMoO4for paracetamol, Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was employed. DPV is a sensitive electrochemical technique that can detect changes in current response corresponding to the presence of analytes. Results The synthesized CuMoO4exhibited a rock-like structure, as revealed by FE-SEM imaging. This morphology is advantageous for electrochemical applications due to the increased surface area available for interaction with analytes. EDXconfirmed the purity of the CuMoO4nanomaterial, showing no significant impurities. XRD analysis indicated that the CuMoO4nanoparticles were crystalline in nature, which is beneficial for consistent and reproducible electrochemical behavior. The DPV analysis demonstrated that the CuMoO4sensor exhibited a linear increase in current response with increasing concentrations of paracetamol. This linear relationship indicates that CuMoO₄ is capable of detecting paracetamol effectively, with a strong and quantifiable signal response. Conclusion The CuMoO4nanomaterial was successfully synthesized using a simple precipitation method and was characterized by its rock-like morphology and crystalline structure. Electrochemical testing using DPV showed that CuMoO4has excellent sensing capabilities for detecting paracetamol, with a clear and linear current response. These findings suggest that CuMoO4is a promising electrochemical sensing material for drug detection, potentially offering a reliable and efficient method for monitoring paracetamol and possibly other pharmaceuticals in various settings.

Investigation of the structural and magnetic properties of rapidly solidified Nd–Fe–B–Ce alloys

This study introduces the first literature report of rapidly solidified Nd–Fe–B–Ce alloys fabricated using the melt-spinning technique at varying disc rotation speeds. The resulting alloy images are then analyzed using various image processing techniques, and their structural and magnetic characteristics are described. The alloys are characterized using a variety of methods, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), differential thermal analysis (DTA), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and Vickers microhardness tests. By using XRD, the tetragonal hard magnetic Nd2Fe14B phase is detected in the Nd30Fe65B0.9Ce5 alloy. The FE-SEM microstructure analysis shows that the grain structure of the ingot alloy is indistinct, and the tetragonal symmetric structure begins to appear at disc rotation speeds of 20 m/s and 40 m/s. The analysis of FE-SEM images using histogram analysis, the image segmentation technique, and VSM method reveals that the coercivity values of the sample produced at the 80 m/s solidification speed increased by approximately 34% when compared to the ingot alloy.

Chitosan-sunflower meal biochar hydrogel incorporated with green synthesized NiO nanoparticles for enhanced catalytic reduction of anthropogenic water pollutants.

Anthropogenic activities have been one of the crucial driving factors for water pollution globally, thereby warranting a sustainable strategy for its redressal. In this study, we have developed a hydrogel-biochar nanocomposite for catalytic reduction of water pollutants. To begin with, green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) was accomplished from waste kinnow peel extract via the environmentally benign microwave method. The formation of NiO NPs was affirmed from different analytical techniques namely ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The FESEM images revealed spherical nature of NiO NPs. The average particle size was found to be 15.61 nm from XRD data. A novel hydrogel-biochar nanocomposite comprising the green NiO NPs, sunflower meal biochar and chitosan was prepared (Cs-biochar@ NiO) and explored as a nanocatalyst towards catalytic reduction of pollutants such as 4-nitrophenol, potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) and organic dyes methyl orange (MO), Congo red (CR), methylene blue (MB) in the presence of a reducing agent, i.e. NaBH4. Under optimized conditions, the reduction reactions were completed by 120 s and 60 s for 4-NP and potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) respectively and the rate constants were estimated to be 0.044 s-1 and 0.110 s-1. The rate of reduction was found to be faster for the dyes and the respective rate constants were 0.213 s-1 for MO, 0.213 s-1 for CR and 0.135 s-1 for MB. The assessment of the nanocatalyst in the reduction of binary dye systems depicted its selectivity towards the anionic dyes CR and MO. The nanocatalyst displayed effective reduction of dyes in real-water samples collected from different sources. Taken altogether, this study validates the design of sustainable hydrogel-biochar nanocatalyst for the efficient reduction of hazardous anthropogenic water pollutants.

Synthesis of strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method and investigation of the effect of milling on morphology and magnetic properties

In this research, strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) was synthesized using the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method, and its structural and magnetic properties were investigated. Raw materials such as strontium peroxide (SrO2), iron (Fe), and iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) were used to prepare green compact. The current research investigated the effect of milling time and speed on the morphology and magnetic properties of strontium hexaferrite, and the optimum temperature for calcination was obtained. X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating magnetometer (VSM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to study the mentioned parameters and choose the optimal conditions for the synthesis of strontium hexaferrite. Milling at speeds of 100, 200, and 300 rpm for 30 and 90 min was investigated. Also, calcination was performed at temperatures of 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300 °C for 90 min to obtain the optimal temperature. According to the results of VSM analysis, the sample milled at 300 rpm for 90 min and calcined at 1200 °C for 90 min had the highest magnetic properties. Magnetic saturation (MS), magnetic remanence (Mr), and coercivity (HC), with values of 56.43 emu/g, 30.85 emu/g, and 5705.96 Oe, were obtained for this sample. Also, FE-SEM images showing the formation of hexagonal plates with an average particle size of 380 nm after calcination were obtained for the sample with optimal parameters. TEM and HRTEM images also showed the formed particles of strontium hexaferrite with hexagonal morphology.

Preparation and Characterization of CuFeS2 Nanoparticles Synthesized via Hydrothermal Method

Abstract: This research involved the successful synthesis of CuFeS2 nanoparticles using a hydrothermal method. The CuFeS2 nanoparticles were characterized using various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV-Visible spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The tetragonal crystalline structure was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination, indicating a particle size of 14 nm. The existence of chalcopyrite CuFeS2 nanoparticles was established by the analysis of Raman spectra. The amorphous morphology was observed by FESEM imaging. The existence of Cu, Fe,and S elements was verified using EDX analysis, with no significant impurities observed. The UV-Visible investigation revealed a significant capacity for absorption within the wavelength region of 500-600 nm, accompanied by an energy band gap of 2.35 eV. The examination of BETsurface area revealed a surface area of 62 m²/g and a pore size of 10 nm. The obtained findings suggest that the CuFeS2 nanoparticles possess favorable properties that render them appropriate for use in photocatalytic applications.

Structural and Optical properties of Green and Chemical synthesized Tin Sulfide for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Applications

Abstract: The structural and optical properties of nanoparticles perform a crucial role in generating highly effective dyesensitized solar cells. This study focuses on the synthesis of Tin Sulfide (SnS) nanoparticles using both Green and chemical methods. The SnS nanoparticles are then characterized using several analytical techniques, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The XRD examination indicated the existence of an Orthorhombic SnS structure in both C:SnS and G:SnS nanoparticles. The crystallite size was found to be 13 nm for C:SnS and 5 nm for G:SnS, suggesting that the synthesized material is in the nanoscale range. The FESEM imaging revealed the presence of a spherical form in both nanoparticles. XRF confirmed the existence of Sn and S elements while also confirming the lack of any other impurities, so verifying the purity of the nanoparticles. The UV-visible spectroscopy results showed that the band gap energy for C:SnS was 2.40 eV, while for G:SnS it was 2.28 eV. The J-V characteristic curve of chemically synthesized SnS demonstrates power conversion efficiency of 5.13%, whereas the Green Synthesized SnS reveals an efficiency of 5.57%. This indicates that both materials have potential uses in DSSC devices.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles assisted by aqueous root and leaf extracts of Rhus chinensis Mill and its antibacterial activity

In the present study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous root and leaf extracts of Rhus chinensis Mill. This study aimed to undertake the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles utilizing plant extracts in an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and more efficient manner with its antibacterial application. The prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized by using different techniques. Such as ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The color changes from yellowish to reddish brown can be visualized and it indicates the formation of silver nanoparticles. The UV–Vis absorption peak shown by the synthesized AgNPs assisted by root and leaf extract was at 443 nm and 440 nm respectively. The functional group present in plants' secondary metabolites may act as capping and stabilizing agents, indicated by the shifting and disappearing of the peak in the plant extracts and the extracts-assisted synthetic nanoparticles. The crystallite size of synthesized AgNPs assisted by the root and leaf extracts of Rhus cinensis was found to be 11.01 nm and 13.39 nm respectively, while with the help of FE-SEM image the shape and particle size of synthesized AgNPs root and leaf extract was found spherical with particle diameter of 54.40 nm and 30.89 nm respectively. The presence of an intense silver component was confirmed by EDX analysis which showed an intense peak at around 3 Kev and other elements like Cl, O, C, and N were also reported in synthesized AgNPs. Both the plant extracts assisted synthesized AgNPs showed higher zones of inhibition (ZOI) against both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results of the study indicate the potential benefit of synthesized silver nanoparticles using Rhus chinensis root and leaf extracts for biomedical purposes.

Purification, Characterization, and Assessment of Anticancer Activity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Novel Thermophilic Bacillus tequilensis ASFS1‏.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), particularly iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), are a fascinating group of nanoparticles that have been considerably investigated for biomedical applications because of their superparamagnetic properties, biodegradable nature, and biocompatibility. A novel Gram-positive moderately thermophilic bacterial strain, namely Bacillus tequilensis ASFS.1, was isolated and identified. This strain is capable of producing superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and exhibiting magnetotaxis behavior. This strain swimming behavior was investigated under static and dynamic environments, where it behaved very much similar to the magnetotaxis in magnetotactic bacteria. This study is the first report of a bacterium from the Bacillaceae family that has the potential to intracellular biosynthesis of IONPs. MNPs were separated by a magnetic and reproducible method which was designed for the first time for this study. In addition, UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction, and thermal gravimetric analysis were utilized to characterize the bio-fabricated magnetite nanoparticles. Analysis of the particle size distribution pattern of the biogenic MNPs by FESEM imaging revealed the size range of 10-100 nm with the size range of 10-40 nm MNPs being the most frequent particles. VSM analysis demonstrated that biogenic MNPs displayed superparamagnetic properties with a high saturation magnetization value of 184 emu/g. After 24 h treatment of 3T3, U87, A549, MCF-7, and HT-29 cell lines with the biogenic MNPs, IC50 values were measured to be 339, 641, 582, 149, and 184 μg mL-1, respectively. This study presents the novel strain ASFS.1 capable of magnetotaxis by the aid of its magnetite nanoparticles and paving information on isolation, characterization, and in vitro cytotoxicity of its MNPs. The MNPs showed promising potential for biomedical applications, obviously subject to additional studies.

A novel electroactive biopolymer-graphene oxide nanocomposite membrane for high-performance electrochemical sensing of ethylene

This study focuses on formulating an electroactive composite membrane using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CHT), and graphene oxide (GO), specifically emphasizing its application in electrochemical ethylene detection. Through the surface functionalization of the PVA-CHT-GO membrane via GO activation, the nanocrystallite GO-based composite, when incorporated into a microelectrode chip, exhibited a transformative enhancement in electrochemical ethylene sensing. Comprehensive characterizations of both the synthesized GO and the PVA-CHT-GO composite membranes were conducted by employing X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD pattern provides insights into the stacking height, interplanar spacing, and the number of layers along the (002) direction. The synthesized GO's average nano-crystallite size was determined to be 10.38 nm. The Raman spectrum revealed prominent D and G bands at 1353 and 1591 cm-1, respectively. FE-SEM images depicted the overlapping of GO nanolayers, each layer having a thickness in the range of 20–30 nm. Following surface activation, thin layers developed on the membrane surface, with numerous folds accumulating, exhibiting thickness in the range of 20–50 nm. The intricate characterization underscored the structural and morphological features of the membrane, enhancing our understanding of its surface properties. The effectiveness of ethylene detection using the GO-activated PVA-CHT-GO membrane was evaluated via cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. These measurements confirmed the membrane's efficiency, demonstrating ultra-sensitive ethylene detection, even upon initial exposure to ethylene.

Biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using the young fruit of Borassus flabellifer: Characterization and photocatalytic removal of biohazardous safranin-O dye using solar irradiation

Here, ZnO nanostructures were synthesized for the first time from the young fruit of the Borassus flabellifer. X-ray diffraction study revealed that the unit cell of ZnO was hexagonal with particle size 39.83 nm. The field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images showed that spherical nanoparticles were formed. A sharp absorption peak was seen at 375 nm in the UV-vis absorption study, and the calculated excitonic band gap was 3.37 eV. The biosynthesized ZnO was used as a photocatalyst to remove the biohazardous safranin-O (SO) dye using solar irradiation. Freundlich isotherm model was used to study the adsorption behavior of SO onto ZnO. At optimum conditions, nearly 96.89% of the dye was degraded in just 80 minutes. Furthermore, the impact of catalyst dose, initial dye concentration, solution pH, and temperature on photodegradation was also investigated.

Investigating grain and grain boundary effects on charge transport and dielectrics in BaCoxAlxFe12-2xO19 nanoferrites

This investigation centres on the sol-gel preparation of M-type barium hexagonal ferrite (M-BaFe12O19) incorporating Co2+ and Al3+ as dopants. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were employed to assess the impact of dopants on the crystallographic structure and microstructure. The dielectric characteristics, electric modulus, impedance, and conductivity of the synthesized materials were evaluated at ambient temperature using an impedance analyzer. The structural analysis verified the presence of the hexagonal M-type crystal phase. Increasing dopant levels led to a reduction in lattice parameters, signifying unit cell shrinkage. FESEM imaging exposed the emergence of needle-shaped grains resulting from the doping process. Dielectric spectroscopy showed a decrease in both the dielectric constant (from 135.95 at x = 0.0 to 39.8) and the loss tangent (from 3.68 to 0.610) as dopant concentration increased. Conductivity exhibited relaxation at varying intervals, supported by the electric modulus spectra, which validated non-Debye relaxation behavior. Both relaxation time and AC conductivity diminished with higher dopant concentrations (from 0.000222 Ωm−1 to 0.000036 Ωm−1). The relaxation observed in conductivity and dielectric responses implies their contribution to the charge transport processes within BaCoxAlxFe12-2xO19. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) software was used to generate complex impedance plots, which aligned with the experimentally obtained impedance values for the synthesized compositions. Micrographs revealed a distribution of grains and grain boundaries that were consistent with calculated characteristics. This further substantiates the measured dielectric and electrical parameters.

Fabrication of smooth SAC305 thin film via magnetron sputtering

SAC305 (96.5 wt% Sn, 3 wt% Ag, 0.5 wt%Cu) solder is increasingly becoming popular due to its reliability good characteristics and performance in addition to the environmental concerns and regulations that restrict the use of lead in nano/microelectronic products. In nano/microelectronics, manufacturing smooth solder coatings free of defects such as voids and cracks, which can compromise joint reliability is crucial. Magnetron sputtering offers a high degree of control over film thickness and composition, resulting in films with excellent uniformity and adhesion. Despite these advantages, fabricating continuous and robust SAC305 films using magnetron sputtering remains a difficult task with limited research addressing these Challenges. To address these challenges and obtain an enhanced surface morphology property, we focus on fabricating SAC305 thin films by optimizing the magnetron sputtering parameters including sputtering power and pressure, and by using various substrates. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy were used to evaluate the quality of the thin films.

Facile Fabrication of Titanium Carbide (Ti3C2)-Bismuth Vanadate (BiVO4) Nano-Coupled Oxides for Anti-cancer Activity.

Background MXene is a newly discovered substance consisting of 2D transition metal carbides or nitrides, produced through the disintegration and etching of aluminum layers. It possesses numerous properties, including a high surface area, conductivity, strength, stiffness, negative zeta potential, and excellent volumetric capacitance. MXene is utilized in detecting anti-cancer medicine, while bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is synthesized to form an optimized material for anti-cancer activity applications. BiVO4 exhibits visible light absorption, strong chemical stability, and non-toxic properties. However, when loaded onto target stem cells, it can cause skin and respiratory irritation. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the facile fabrication of titanium carbide (Ti3C2)-BiVO4 nanomaterials coupled with oxides for anti-cancer activity. Moreover, it aimed to create Ti3C2-BiVO4 nanomaterials in combination with oxides using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess their potential as efficient and targeted anti-cancer agents. Methods and materials To prepare the 2D Ti3C2 MXene, 2.5 g of titanium aluminum carbide (Ti3AlC2) powder was dissolved in 60 mL of a 40% hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution in a polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) container. The etching process was made more efficient and completed in 24 hoursby using a magnetic stirring system to keep the mixture stirred and heated continuously. Thecentrifugation was performed at 4000 rpm for five minutes. Subsequently, deionized water was used to wash the solution many times until its pH reached around 7. The appropriate Ti3C2 powder was made by vacuum drying the acquired sediment at 80°C for 24 hours. Monoclinic BiVO4 samples were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Typically, 10 mmol of Bi(NO3)3.5H2O was dissolved in 100 mL of a 2 mol/L HNO3 solution and stirred uniformly. Subsequently, 10 mmol of ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) was added to the mixed solution. After being stirred for one hour, the mixture was transferred into a 100 mL sealed Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave at 180°C for 16 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the sediment was washed three times with deionized water, ethanol, and acetone, respectively. Finally, the suspension was dried at 80°C, followed by calcination at 450°C for three hours to obtain BiVO4. Ti3C2-BiVO4 heterostructures were prepared by surface modificationTi3C2using BiVO4 suspensions by a simple, cost-effective approach. Results Ti3C2nanosheets were observed with BiVO4particles, and the high crystalline nature of the compound was confirmed after XRD analysis and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The compound was found to be pure without any impurities and exhibited anti-cancer activity. Conclusion The XRD, field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), and EDS investigations provide an in-depth analysis of the structural, morphological, and compositional characteristics of Ti3C2-BiVO4 sheets. The XRD analysis proves the successful combination of different materials and the presence of crystalline phases. The FESEM imaging technique exposes the shape and arrangement of particles in sheets, while the EDS analysis verifies the elemental composition and uniform distribution. These investigations show that Ti3C2-BiVO4 composites have been successfully synthesized, indicating their potential for use in anti-cancer applications.

Green Synthesis of AgNPs and Fe2O3NPs Using Garlic Plant and Study their Anticancer Activity against Cervical Cancer Cells

In this study, silver and iron nanoparticles were biosynthesized using the garlic plant, an economical and environmentally friendly method. A blend of chitosan (CS) and polyvinylalcohol (PVA) was prepared. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3NPs), and the (CS/PVA) blend were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) analyses. The FE-SEM images revealed that Fe2O3NPs were cubical and hexagonal, and AgNPs were spherical aggregates. AgNPs with blend (CS/PVA) and Fe2O3NPs with blend (CS/PVA) and (Fe2O3NPs/blend (CS/PVA) /AgNPs) composite were synthesized and tested for anticancer activity against cervical cancer cells (Hela) using the MTT assay. Best kills and the highest inhibitory effect were observed in (AgNPs/blend (CS/PVA)) and (Fe2O3NPs/Blend (CS/PVA)/AgNPs) composite. These findings demonstrated the method's ability to synthesize nanocomposites with desirable physical, chemical and biological properties. Therefore, these findings demonstrate the new antibacterial and robust cytotoxicity features of the nanocomposite material, which has promising medical applications.

Gelatin-Coated TiO2/Pd Hybrid: A Potentially Useful Nanomaterial to Enhance Antibacterial and Anticancer Properties.

Hybrid nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest in biomedicine because of their fascinating characteristics and wide range of applications in targeted drug delivery, antibacterial activity, and cancer treatment. This study developed a gelatin-coated Titanium oxide/palladium (TiO2/Pd) hybrid nanomaterial to enhance the antibacterial and anticancer capabilities. Morphological and structural analyses were conducted to characterize the synthesized hybrid nanomaterial. The surface texture of the hybrid nanomaterials was examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The FE-SEM image revealed the bulk of the spherically shaped particles and the aggregated tiny granules. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed Ti, Pd, C, and O. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the gelatin-coated TiO2/Pd to be in the anatase form. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy examined the interactions among the gelatin-coated TiO2/Pd nanoparticles. The gelatin-coated TiO2/Pd nanomaterials exhibited high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (22 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (17 mm) compared to individual nanoparticles, confirming the synergistic effect. More importantly, the gelatin-coated TiO2/Pd hybrid nanomaterial exhibited remarkable cytotoxic effects on A549 lung cancer cells which shows a linear increase with the concentration of the nanomaterial. The hybrid nanomaterials displayed higher toxicity to cancer cells than the nanoparticles alone. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells was verified by the generation of reactive oxygen species and nuclear damage. Therefore, gelatin-coated TiO2/Pd nanomaterials have potential uses in treating cancer and bacterial infections.

Surface topography and surface morphology of graphene nanocomposite by FESEM, EDX and AFM analysis

The analyzed nanocomposites of this research have been fabricated by the sintering method, where different percentages of boron nitride, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide and titanium oxide have reinforced graphene. The percentages of additives were varied from 0 % to 5 %. An investigation of nanostructural observation, phase identification and structural analysis of graphene nanoparticles has been performed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The morphology of the synthesized materials was investigated by examining the FESEM pictures at different magnifications. The micrographs depict the hetero-materials' amalgamation, resulting in the formation of compacted particles that collectively exhibit a prominent bulbous morphology. The size and shape of different particles in the nanocomposites are visible from the FESEM images. The assays conducted by EDX have verified the presence of the necessary components, exhibiting a high degree of purity. Further insights about the nanocomposites have been obtained from Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. AFM analysis revealed the surface roughness, which increased to 11.9 from 4.4 µm due to the addition of BN. The crystalline structure has been confirmed from the XRD analysis.

An Eco-Friendly Synthesis Approach for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Coelastrella terrestris Algal Extract.

In the current scenario, the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using environmentally benign methods has gained significant attention due to their facile processes, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly nature. In the present study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized usingaqueous extract of Coelastrella terrestrisalgae as a reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent. The synthesized CuO NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). XRD investigation revealed that the biosynthesized CuO NPs were nanocrystalline with high-phase purity and size in the range of 4.26 nm to 28.51 nm. FTIR spectra confirmed the existence of secondary metabolites on the surface of the synthesized CuO NPs, with characteristic Cu-O vibrations being identified around 600 cm-1, 496 cm-1, and 440 cm-1. The FE-SEM images predicted that the enhancement of the algal extract amount converted the flattened rice-like structures of CuO NPs into flower petal-like structures. Furthermore, the degradation ability of biosynthesized CuO NPs was investigated against Amido black 10B (AB10B) dye. The results displayed that the optimal degradation efficacy of AB10B dye was 94.19%, obtained at 6 pH, 50 ppm concentration of dye, and 0.05 g dosage of CuO NPs in 90 min with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.0296 min-1. The CuO-1 NPs synthesized through algae exhibited notable antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 22 mm and against P. aeruginosa with a ZOI of 17 mm. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that utilizing Coelastrella terrestris algae for the synthesis of CuO NPs presents a promising solution for addressing environmental contamination.

Zn complexed on hybrid manganese doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles covered by silica as a catalyst in the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-pyran and N- arylquinoline derivatives

In the present work, Zn complexed on hybrid manganese doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles covered by silica were synthesized. These MNPs were characterized using different techniques including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field emission‐scanning electron micro-scope (FE-SEM), Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), Vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP), Zeta potential and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FE-SEM Images showed uniform spherical shape with rough surfaces and an aggregation in structure of MNPs. A decrease in Ms is visible in VSM analysis due to the increase in particle diameter as a result of loading the organic coating on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles. According to TGA analysis, the synthesized MNPs have good stability up to 125 °C. The ICP analysis indicates the presence of 0.13 mmol/g zinc on the surface of loaded MNPs. The effect of these prepared MNPs as a catalyst was studied in the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-pyran and N- arylquinoline derivatives. This method provides excellent yield of products with short reaction time, simple purification and easy separation of the catalyst. Furthermore, the reusability of the catalyst during five periods was not associated with a significant decrease in its activity.

Ferromagnetism behavior of Ni-doped Fe3O4 thin films synthesized by the SILAR technique

In this article, Ni-doped Fe3O4 thin films were synthesized by using the SILAR technique. The films were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, Photoluminescence and UV–Vis analysis. The XRD spectrum confirms the spinal structure of undoped and Ni-doped Fe3O4 thin films. The FESEM images show that Ni-doping has changed the morphology of thin films from a granular to a Spiky structure. The EDAX and XPS spectra show Fe, Ni and O elements are present in 1%Ni-doped Fe3O4 thin film. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) studies showed ferromagnetism in undoped and Ni-doped Fe3O4 thin films. The ferromagnetism behavior of Ni-doped Fe3O4 thin films increases with the increase in Ni ion concentration.