Field Coaches Research Articles

Track and field coaches' perspective and experiences of including osteopaths in shared management of elite athletes: A descriptive phenomenological study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the track and field elite athletes’ coaches' perspectives and experiences regarding their athletes' osteopathic treatments to contribute to the development of integrated management models based on their expectations and experiences. MethodsSemi-structured interviews were used to collect data from Italian elite athletes’ coaches enrolled in the study. An inductive analysis of the interviews was conducted using a descriptive phenomenological methodology. Data saturation was assessed in parallel with the data gathering to determine the sample size. Two additional interviews verified data saturation. ResultsData saturation was reached with 11 participants (female = 3; male = 9). Participants’ ages ranged from 28 to 70 years old. The analysis showed 1 overarching theme, “Shared decision-making on the track promotes performance and recovery,” 4 themes(1) “Elite athletes' coaches work in a highly specialized multidisciplinary team characterized by mutual trust and oriented towards shared decision-making” (2) “Osteopathic treatment is perceived to be effective in managing injuries but it is recognized that its main purpose is to prevent them” (3) “Continuous therapeutic relationships addressing body awareness and psychosocial factors improve elite athletes’ performance” and (4) “Field-specific assessments performed by the osteopath inform training plan and recovery strategies”, and 16 categories. ConclusionTF athletes’ coaches aim to work in a highly specialized multidisciplinary team characterized by mutual trust and oriented towards shared decision-making to manage and prevent injuries and enhance performance.

A comparison of foot and ankle biomechanics during running drills and distance running

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the foot-ankle joint mechanics of running drills and running. Seventeen long-distance runners performed five popular running drills (A-skip, B-skip, Bounding, Heel flicks, Straight leg running) and a run at 3.88 m/s. Kinematics, kinetics and power values were calculated for the ankle, midtarsal (MT) and metatarsophalangeal (MP) joints. Electromyographic activity was recorded for the soleus, gastrocnemius medialis, lateralis and abductor hallucis muscle. The A-skip, the B-skip and the Heel flicks induced a smaller ankle (p < 0.001, ŋ2 = 0.41), MT (p < 0.001, ŋ2 = 0.43) and MP (p < 0.001, ŋ2 = 0.47) dorsiflexion peak than running. No difference was found between the running drills and running for ankle, MT and MP moment. The Bounding induces a higher positive ankle power than running (diff: 5.5 ± 7.5 J/kg, p = 0.014, d = 1.05). The A-skip (diff: 2.8 ± 2.9 J/kg, p < 0.001, d = 1.5) and the B-skip (diff: 2.7 ± 2.1 J/kg, p < 0.001, d = 1.4) induce a smaller MT positive power than running. This study offers an analysis of the mechanical behaviour of the foot-ankle complex to help track and field coaches select their running drills in an evidence-based manner.

Speed-power training of highly qualified hammer throwers

Long-term training of highly qualified track and field athletes is impossible without paying attention to one of its constituent parts - training and training methods. The level of training of throwers in track and field is becoming very high, it is becoming more and more difficult to achieve victory. This caused certain efforts of trainers, scientists, and methodologists in preparing the educational and training process of track and field athletes-throwers. The study of the robots of specialists, as well as the analysis of existing programs for improving the speed and strength training of throwers in track and field, indicates that the training method lags behind modern requirements. We consider the reason for this to be the low level of methodical development. Unfortunately, most track and field coaches are not interested in the new guidelines, and the result is the training of inferior reserves.&#x0D; The purpose of the work is the development of speed and strength training of highly qualified hammer throwers.&#x0D; Research results. We recommend hammer throwers to perform exercises with a barbell during training (jerking, taking the barbell to the chest, pull-ups). Exercises with a barbell (jerk, chest pull-ups, pull-ups and push-ups) are recommended to be performed from the position "from above". The position of the barbell "from above" means that the barbell is raised from the platform with straight lowered arms, the athlete's torso and legs are straightened, and then basic exercises are performed from this position. Moreover, the exercises should be performed in the overcoming and advancing mode, which corresponds to the main technical movement - hammer throwing.&#x0D; Conclusions. The results of our research and thirty years of practical experience working with athletes of the highest level of sportsmanship show that in speed-power sports, the connection between the external form and the content of movements is most clearly manifested when interacting with the support and the projectile. This is a causal relationship. Only that athlete who has a sufficient level of development of speed and strength qualities across the entire range of their manifestations, from the fastest and most coordinated rotational movements to the instant manifestation of maximum muscle tension in projectile throwing, can count on serious success in the main exercise.

Physical Education Teachers as Adults Trainers and their Perceptions of their Evaluation on Vocational Education and Training

Introduction: Educational systems and related evaluation policies tend to change and adapt to the demands of society all over the world. In Greece, the latest education policy includes the update and adaption of the educational curricula and the introduction of evaluation of teachers and adult trainers on vocational education and training (VET). The evaluation of teachers and trainers involved in the Public vocational training Institutes (VTI) and specifically in the Specialties of Sports’ Coach through an effective evaluation process could identify the strengths and weaknesses of the trainers and create professional development opportunities within their knowledge of content, pedagogy, and curriculum. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of Physical Education Teachers who teach as Adult Trainers in public and private VTIs in the specialty of Sports Coach (e.g., Soccer Coach, Basketball Coach, Track and Field Coach, Tennis Coach, Strength and Conditioning Coach, AEROBICS Instructor), regarding their evaluation on VET. Methods: In this study, 102 participants (M = 44.9 ± 11.02 years old), 55 males (53.9%) and 47 females (46.1%) participated. A relevant questionnaire about Teachers’ Evaluation was adapted and used. Non-parametric statistical tests were applied and descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. Results: The results showed different perceptions among some items of the questionnaire depending on the work institution - public / private VTIs (p ≤ 0.05), educational level (p ≤ 0.05) and teaching experience (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: These results underscore the complexity and variability in perceptions of educational evaluation. These findings suggest the importance of considering various factors, such as institutional type, teaching experience, and educational level, in the design and implementation of evaluation systems to ensure they are effective, equitable, and conducive to professional growth.

“Joseph Maigrot (1900-1983): a track and field coach who pioneered a French style of coaching”

ABSTRACT This paper concerns the study of an eminent figure – Joseph Maigrot (1900–1983) – whose personality had a lasting impact on the development of athletics in France, influencing even the way coaching was conceived. After a fruitful experience in gymnastics and sports, Maigrot helped to build up and manage a team of track and field coaches at the National Sport Institute in Paris during the 1940s to 1960s, and in the French Athletics Federation In the framework of this study, we see how his personality, his personal and professional career, may have influenced his style, methods and the knowledges mobilised in the federal field. Maigrot is indeed responsible for the choice of technical processes of foreign origin and for the eclectic training methods – tinged with realism, pragmatism, humanism and empiricism.

STUDY REGARDING THE USE OF DYNAMIC GAMES DURING THE SPORTS TRAINING LESSON FOR BEGINNER CHILDREN, IN ORDER TO TEACH THEM THE ELEMENTS OF RUNNING

The role played by dynamic games in the sports training lesson is precious and very attractive, because it ensures the consolidation of the applicative motor skills and it contributes to the development of general motor skills, especially during the first part of athletic selection. The children take the game very seriously, putting it above any other activity. Taking this information into consideration, the authors have initiated various games through which beginner children would learn running. The purpose of this paper was to highlight the use of dynamic games by track and field coaches who have helped the children learn running as fast and as efficiently as possible, especially at the beginning of sports training, using the following methods: the study of the professional literature, the observation, the data analysis, the graphical representation. The research was conducted at the Athletics Halls of Bacau and Targu Mures, where the training of the beginner groups took place. The subjects were athletes selected for professional groups. The research was conducted over 3 months, on 4 groups (2 female groups and 2 male groups) - 2 groups where dynamic games were applied to teach running and 2 groups where running was taught in a classical manner. The coaches applied an initial testing and a final testing, using a 50m running with a standing start challenge (initial testing was conducted in October, and the final testing, in February). The final conclusions show that the athletes who learned running through dynamic games have learned it better, recording 0.05 seconds less than the athletes who learned running in a classical manner.

Key Skills of Physical Training in Track and Field Teaching and Training in Higher Vocational Faculty

Athletics is one of the sports that people are more familiar with and love. It not only has strong confrontation and high appreciation but also embodies the contest between strength and physical fitness, giving people a kind of experience and feeling of power and beauty. The research we are referring to use a qualitative method of data collection called the library method. This method involves gathering information from existing written sources, such as books, academic journals, and other publications, in order to answer research questions. In this case, the researcher likely used this approach to gather information about key skills related to physical training in track and field teaching and training at the higher vocational level. Qualitative research methods often involve collecting rich, descriptive data that can provide valuable insights into complex phenomena. It can be found that physical training is an indispensable and important training component in track and field training, and the effect of physical training has a direct impact on the overall effect of track and field training. Therefore, in the training of track and field sports in higher vocational Faculty, track and field coaches need to attach great importance to physical training and use the explanation of physical training knowledge to strengthen students’ cognition so as to greatly improve the effectiveness of physical training. Based on this, this article will analyze the relevant skills of track and field physical training in higher vocational Faculty, aiming to improve the quality of track and field training and the training performance of students.

Awareness and Knowledge of Medical Issues Related to Female Athletes Among Track and Field Coaches.

Little is known regarding medical knowledge pertaining to female athletes among track and field coaches and their interactions with female athletes regarding medical problems. Participants were track and field coaches (369 males and 43 females) with Japan Sport Association certification and they completed an anonymous survey on their knowledge of medical problems pertinent to female athletes including whether the coaches knew about the female athlete triad and relative energy deficiency in sports; their feelings about female athletes' use of contraceptive pills; whether they speak about menses with the female athletes; and whether they have a gynecologist for consultation regarding their medical problems. Females coaches were significantly more likely to be aware of the triad (odds ratio (OR), 3.44; p = 0.003); to have access to a physician able to address the gynecological problems of female athletes (OR, 9.22; p < 0.001); and to talk to their female athletes about menses (OR, 2.30; p = 0.015) than their male counterparts. Coaches with more experience tended to be aware of the triad and relative energy deficiency in sports compared with those with ≤5 years of experience. Females coaches are aware of the triad, talk about menses with their female athletes, and have access to a physician who can address gynecological problems with compared to male counterparts. Educating all coaches on these problems is essential to provide adequate support to female athletes.

Controlling Behavior, Sex Bias and Coaching Success in Japanese Track and Field.

Coaching athletes is a complex and lengthy process. Recently, attention has been given to coaches over-controlling behavior toward the athletes' personal lives and possible sex bias, but the impact of these behaviors on coaching success is unclear. An anonymous survey was answered by 412 track and field coaches (male: 369; female: 43), comprising questions regarding controlling behaviors, sex bias, and personal background. A Chi-square test and logistic regression were performed to determine the factors related to the coach's characteristics and their success in coaching athletes (to national vs. non-national level). The results showed that controlling behaviors and sex-bias-related beliefs were present. The coaches who coached national-level athletes were more likely to be older, more experienced, and were national level athletes themselves. More national-level coaches reported controlling behaviors but fewer held sex bias beliefs than the non-national level coaches. However, the strength of these beliefs (scores for controlling behavior and sex bias) was not related to the coaching success.

Strength and Conditioning Practices of Brazilian Olympic Sprint and Jump Coaches.

Olympic coaches are likely to have adequate knowledge and implement effective training programs. This study aimed to describe and critically examine the strength and conditioning practices adopted by Brazilian Olympic sprint and jump coaches. Nineteen Olympic coaches (age: 50.2 ± 10.8 years; professional experience: 25.9 ± 13.1 years) completed a survey consisting of eight sections: 1) background information; 2) strength-power development; 3) speed training; 4) plyometrics; 5) flexibility training; 6) physical testing; 7) technology use; and 8) programming. It was noticed that coaches prioritized the development of explosiveness, power, and sprinting speed in their training programs, given the specific requirements of sprint and jump events. Nevertheless, unexpectedly, we observed: (1) large variations in the number of repetitions performed per set during resistance training in the off-season period, (2) a higher volume of resistance training prescribed during the competitive period (compared to other sports), and (3) infrequent use of traditional periodization models. These findings are probably related to the complex characteristics of modern competitive sports (e.g., congested competitive schedule) and the individual needs of sprinters and jumpers. Identification of training practices commonly used by leading track and field coaches may help practitioners and sport scientists create more effective research projects and training programs.

Just Do It: Analysis of Nike’s Marketing Strategies and Growth Recommendations

Nike is a global leader in the athleticwear industry, selling products for all ages, genders, and sizes. The company was founded in 1964 by runner and businessman Phil Knight and his track and field coach, Bill Bowerman, with the goal of creating the perfect running shoe. Since then, Nike has established the iconic Swoosh and “Just Do It” slogan globally. But how has Nike become so renowned, and how have marketing strategies given them an edge over their competitors? And is there anything Nike can do to grow further? The paper investigates Nike’s target consumers, their direct-to-consumer operations, their recent success in e-commerce due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Nike’s social media strategies, and consumers’ reasons to support the brand, ultimately understanding and analyzing the marketing strategies that Nike has implemented and their effectiveness. A key component of Nike’s marketing strategy is understanding their consumers: who they are, what they want, and how to best appeal to them. This has fostered Nike’s direct-to-consumer business (which has increasingly become digital in the role of e-commerce), their large social media presence (which increases their brand engagement and awareness), design innovation, strides in diversity, and more. In addition, the paper recommends that for Nike to boost growth, as Nike shifts their focus to e-commerce, they should focus particularly on emerging markets, which are growing markets that often grow faster than other markets. In addition, Nike should collaborate with more brands and personalities and release more styles to help them grow in the future.

Analysis of Teaching Tactics Characteristics of Track and Field Sports Training in Colleges and Universities Based on Deep Neural Network.

In the analysis of the teaching tactical characteristics of track and field sports training in colleges and universities, the teaching tactical characteristics are not quantified, which leads to the low key degree of determining the influencing factor indicators in colleges and universities, and the error in the evaluation of the teaching tactical characteristics of track and field sports training is large. Therefore, this paper designs a method to analyze the tactical characteristics of college track and field sports training teaching based on deep neural network. Firstly, by analyzing the current situation of track and field sports training teaching in colleges and universities, it determines the areas that need to be improved in teaching. Then, by determining the factors of teaching environment, the core competitiveness of track and field teams, and the teaching ability of track and field coaches, these factors are determined as the key characteristics, the data basis is analyzed, and the unified data quantitative processing is carried out to determine the key factor indexes affecting the analysis of tactical characteristics. Finally, the deep neural network is introduced to construct the evaluation model of the tactical characteristics of college track and field sports training teaching, and the characteristic analysis results are further modified with the help of cascade noise reduction self-encoder to complete the analysis of the tactical characteristics of college track and field sports training teaching. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively analyze the teaching tactical characteristics of track and field sports training in colleges and universities and improve the performance of the evaluation of the teaching tactical characteristics of track and field sports training.

PENINGKATAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN PADA ANGGOTA PKK RT.2 RW.9 DUSUN KLANDUNGAN DESA LANDUNGSARI KECAMATAN DAU KABUPATEN MALANG

Some of the problems that arise in PKK RT2 RW 9 Dusun Klandungan Landungsari Village are related to entrepreneurship, including: the absence of an entrepreneurial spirit, the absence of entrepreneurial abilities/skills, the absence of field coaches who guide entrepreneurship, and the absence of capital for entrepreneurship.&#x0D; Training is needed to overcome the problems that occur in PKK RT2 RW 9 Dusun Klandungan Landungsari Village in entrepreneurship. The training that needs to be carried out on entrepreneurship includes: increasing entrepreneurial motivation, providing entrepreneurial skills, mentoring in collaboration with competent field supervisors, entrepreneurship capital/equipment assistance.

Reflections from expert throws coaches on the use of attentional focus cues during training

BACKGROUND: Previous research in motor learning shows that adopting an external focus of attention significantly benefits performance and learning among novice participants. Research has been fairly limited in regards to the attentional focus reported to be used by highly skilled performers or coaches. Fairbrother et al. (2016) suggested that experts might utilize more complex attentional strategies than a simple dyad of internal or external foci. AIM: The purpose of the present study was to examine attentional focus cues utilized by elite track and field throws coaches during practice and competition. METHOD: Fifteen NCAA track and field coaches completed a questionnaire related the instructions they provide their athletes during practice. Meaning units that related to attentional focus were extracted from the questionnaires and categorized into associative and dissociative cues. The cues were then categorized for various attentional focus strategies. RESULTS: Results showed that elite coaches utilized multiple attentional focus strategies which included internal, external, and holistic focus cues. The most common attentional focus utilized with collegiate throwers was that of a holistic focus, which directs attention to the general feeling of the movement (Becker et al. 2019). It was observed that elite throws coaches alter their focus of attention instruction based on their unique style of coaching and the perceived needs of the athlete. CONCLUSION: This research shows that attentional focus is not as simple as adopting one focus strategy for all individuals within all contexts.

PENGEMBANGAN ALAT LATIHAN KETEPATAN SASARAN FOREHAND DRIVE PADACABANG OLAHRAGA TENIS LAPANGAN TAHUN 2021

Tennis court is a small ball game. Playing tennis court is a sport that is almost the same as playing table tennis and badminton, having the same goal of hitting the ball over the net so that it reaches the opponent's area. The game of tennis court is played by one or a pair of players facing across the net. This research is aimed at developing forehand drive training aids in tennis athletes. Forehand drive training aids in tennis court are first validated by 6 experts, 2 material expert in sports, 2 expert in the field of equipment / media, 2 expert field coach. The results of the small group trial involved 3 experts, 1 material expert with an assessment result of 85%, 1 trainer expert 84% and 1 media expert 85% it can be concluded that they meet the criteria to be continued in large group trials. It can be concluded that the results of large group trials meet the criteria to be used in assisting forehand drive exercises in tennis court

육상 지도자의 코칭역량과 육상 선수의 운동성과 및 의도적 연습의 관계

The purpose of the present study is to bring light on the relationship between the coaching competency of the track and field coaches and the sport performance and deliberate practice of track and field athletes. To achieve this purpose, the study selected, as the subjects of the study, 274 student-athletes, from middle school to college students, registered as athletes at the Korea Association of Athletics Federations, and deducted the following conclusions after conducting an analysis through frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and standard multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 22.0 statistical program. First, out of the subfactors of coaching competency for track and field coaches, self-development competency had a positive impact on athletic performance, a subfactor of sport performance for track and field athletes. Second, the coaching competency of track and field coaches did not impact the deliberate practice of track and field athletes. Third, the sport performance of track and field athletes had a positive impact on deliberate practice.

SWOT-analysis of the development of sport at the regional level ( field hockey)

In connection with the current situation in the country for the development of sport in general and particularly in the regions and the represented Strategy for the development of physical culture and sports until 2028, the article presents SWOT-analysis as one of the options for strategic development of the sport. The study identifies the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a particular region with a rating of the probability of factors occurrence and the coefficient of their impact on the development of field hockey.&#x0D; Purpose: strategic analysis of the external and internal environment of field hockey development.&#x0D; Due to the complex analysis and individual method of expert assessment, the assessment of development strategy and internal transformations, potential advantages and limitations of development is carried out, guided by complex factors caused in modern conditions.&#x0D; Based on the strategy of potential advantages and limitations of the strategic development of the sport, the following conclusions can be drawn: the main threats are lack of attention of governing bodies to the sport and underfunding, which leads to limited material incentives, low rate of material and technical base improvement and migration of field hockey athletes and coaches.&#x0D; One of the important internal changes in the development of field hockey in the region is a program-targeted method that will help streamline and distribute the stages of funding and detail ways to transform the threats of SWOT- analysis in this work into perspective and enhance opportunities for internal change in strategic development of regional field hockey.

Narrative Research on the Value of Life and Experience of Elite Track and Field Coach

Narrative Research on the Value of Life and Experience of Elite Track and Field Coach

한국 육상선수의 코치 선수 상호작용과 외상 후 성장의 관계에서 자아탄력성의 매개효과

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of parameters of ego resilience on the relationship between athlete interaction of track and field coaches and post-traumatic growth. In order to achieve this research objective, data were collected from 135 athletes who were selected as candidates for the track and field korean national team. The data analysis method to achieve the research purpose is as follows. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, structural model equations and parameters by utilizing spss and amos programs. Research results, First the interaction between coaches and players was found to have a positive effect on ego-elasticity. Second, the interaction between coaches and players was found to have a positive effect on post-traumatic growth. Finally, it was found that ego-elasticity had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between the interaction between coach and player and post-traumatic growth.

유소년 육상 코치를 위한 코칭역량 모델 개발

유소년 육상 코치를 위한 코칭역량 모델 개발