Liberal Ideology Research Articles

‘Drama’ As a Pedagogic Tool For The Marginalised in India: Routes from a Rhizomatic Past-Present Exploration

With India’s National Education Policy (2020) giving focus to quality education especially for historically marginalized and disadvantaged groups like Adivasis and Dalits, this review paper provides a past-present kaleidoscope on which to reflect for pedagogic transformation. The paper makes connections by tracing through strands of past and present educational landscapes of India, exploring the scope for locating a future for ‘drama’ as a pedagogic tool for marginalized communities in India. This integrative approach to a literature review connects across times, representing routes within a rhizomatic (Deleuze and Guattar 1987) pattern. The paper flushes out inconsistent relations present between the Adivasi/tribal communities and their state educational provision, which instil in children values and traditions associated with mainstream rather than local culture. The issue highlights tensions tribal populations experienced in the past, in the hands of colonial rule and later during the nationalists phase (Xaxa, 2021). Continuing into the historical route, the paper then takes a closer look into the impact of a colonial system of education in which there came a prevalence of a “textbook culture” (Kumar,1991). As a response, there emerged sprouts of movements turning to alternative educational ideals and practice by Indian educational thinkers, for example, Tagore and Gandhi, with an emphasis on ‘learning by doing’ (Gupta 2010). At this point the review paper takes a re-route, focusing upon certain historical milestones in drama and theatre traditions of India. The scope of Indian traditions in drama and theatre in the review begins with an overview of ‘Natyasastra’ a traditional Indian text on the "the science of theatre" (Bharhanpurkar,1992). Opening windows into the colonial period, theatre was used as a tool for political education and propaganda during the nationalist movements (Richmond, F., 1973). The post-colonial period, again presented theatre as a way to promote progressive ideologies and also science education (Richmond, F., 1973, Mannathukkaren, 2013). The final re-route occurs by connecting present and past, narrating various discourses which are about the struggles of the oppressed for gaining voice and altering social hierarchies through education. This again points to the present in which the conditions of marginalized 33 communities, reflect a ‘hegemony of knowledge’ in which the privileged still prevail. Through the past-present non-linear connections, I shed light on possibilities for connecting the potential of drama pedagogy to various other routes discussed, leading to questions about the possibility of drama becoming a tool for a ‘transformative and liberative pedagogy’ (Heredia,1995) for the marginalized. By taking the notion of routes from a rhizomatic way of making connections, the paper provides a platform for routes to emerge, conceptualizing past-present connections, enabling possibilities to re-route and re-connect at various interjections. This raises imperative questions for the education of marginalized communities in India for quality education.

Living with the Liyan: Ideological Interpretation of Deuteronomy 25:17-19 from the Perspective of the Other

Living together in diversity in Indonesia is still a problem that is sometimes not noticed and can trigger riots regardless of race, class or religion. The same thing is also found in Deuteronomy 25:17-19 which shows the relationship betweenAmalek and Israel as a nation fullofwar, sothat ifnot interpretedcritically it cancauseadestructive attitude towardsevery people who live side by side with the other. This article aims to interpret using ideological criticism. The ideological criticism attempts to find the author's meaning and the reader's ideology which are included in the interpretation system. The law of Deuteronomy 25:17-19 is an ideology of resistance to the other, so that there is a dominant mode that makesAmalek a representation of the indigenous people who are specifically described by D source’s as having power in terms of religion, economy and politics. Therefore, the ideology of liberation as a counter ideology to free people from the power of the elite. The ideology of GOD's universal love for all nations is a counter ideology to YHWH's theology of liberation which does not limit itself to every nation. This understanding gives birth to an awareness of people who live in diversity not to act militantly/aggressively to achievetheinterests of individuals or certain communities. Rather, it is important to have an awarenessoflifethatcancreateanattitudeof mutualacceptance toward the other and living in an attitude of tolerance

School-based professionals’ experiences in supporting autistic learners in feminised settings

Background: School-based professionals play a crucial role in supporting autistic learners, with teachers and occupational therapists being primary implementers of education and health policies. The support context reflects cultural feminist principles, as women professionals predominantly provide immediate support in schools. Aim: This study aimed to explore experiences of women professionals in supporting autistic learners within feminised special education contexts, utilising neurodiversity theory and feminist institutional theory as the conceptual framework. Setting: The study was conducted at the Centre for Neurodiversity, utilising a purposive sampling approach across four special schools in Johannesburg Central district. The participant sample comprised 3 teachers, 2 occupational therapists, 1 assistant teacher, and 17 parents. Methods: A qualitative interpretive methodology allowed participants to share their daily experiences in caring for and supporting autistic children. Focus group discussions were used as a data collection technique. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Ethical considerations were highly prioritised. Results: Cultural feminism ideology has been applied by default in supporting learners with neurodevelopmental conditions in special schools. Women in professional spaces are responsible for immediate caring and supporting autistic learners. The role played by men is invisible in these social spaces. This has led to the feminisation of special educational contexts. Conclusion: This study contributes to understanding how the feminisation of educational support roles impacts both service delivery and professional well-being, emphasising the need for gender-responsive policies and enhanced support systems in special education contexts. Contribution: This study expands knowledge concerning gender imbalances in supporting autistic learners in educational settings.

Challenging the Norm: Psychosocial Correlates of Nontraditional Sexuality in Italian Women

ABSTRACTThis study explores the psychosocial predictors of women's nontraditional sexuality, focusing on feminist identity, gender identification, gender essentialist beliefs and psychological well‐being. It also contributes to the Italian validation of the Women's Nontraditional Sexuality Questionnaire (Short Form). A survey administered to a convenience sample of 293 Italian women revealed that the scale reliably captures four key dimensions of nontraditional sexuality, which can be summarised in a single index. Findings show that feminist identification and well‐being are positively associated with nontraditional sexual attitudes and behaviours, while gender essentialism is negatively associated. No significant link was found between gender identification and nontraditional sexuality. These associations were generally consistent across the total score and subscales, with some exceptions in the ‘sex as a means to an end’ dimension. The study underscores that women's sexual expression is influenced not only by personal factors but also by feminist ideology, social identity and cultural gender norms. Results support the psychometric validity and reliability of the Italian version of the scale, offering a robust tool for research on female sexuality, gender roles and feminist psychology in the Italian context. Please refer to the Supporting Information section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

Actively open-minded thinking and liberal ideology: associations and dissociations

The thinking disposition of actively open-minded thinking (AOT) has long been known to correlate with liberal ideology. In this study, we demonstrate that AOT is not just a proxy for a liberal worldview. We find that it is AOT—and not liberal ideology—that is more optimally associated with adaptive epistemic attitudes. In a study of 682 subjects, we found that AOT and liberal ideology moderately correlated but, nonetheless, AOT dissociated from liberalism in several respects. Political liberalism was positively associated with several aspects of left-wing authoritarianism, but AOT scores were significantly negatively correlated. Variables associated with non-adaptive psychological states and beliefs (e.g., belief in the paranormal, the Dark Triad, paranoia) were negatively correlated with AOT scores, but uncorrelated with liberal ideology. Political liberalism was positively correlated with the ability to discriminate between mature conspiratorial beliefs that actually occurred and those which did not, but AOT scores displayed a significantly higher correlation. AOT seems to associate exclusively with the parts of political liberalism that lead to positive epistemic consequences and to dissociate from any aspects of liberal ideology that lead to unwarranted belief and non-adaptive action.

The progressive secularization of credit in New Granada and the antecedents of commercial banking in Colombia (1835–1863)

Abstract In the initial years of the republican era, New Granada (now Colombia) underwent a profound transformation in its sources and mechanisms of credit, transitioning from the predominance of a spiritual economy during the colonial period to a secular system that gradually evolved into a banking framework by the late nineteenth century. Starting in the mid-1830s, influenced by liberal ideology, a combination of factors catalysed this evolution, including the liberalization of interest rates, the establishment of savings institutions, and intellectual discourse surrounding the need to organize a formal banking system. Despite several attempts to establish an institutionalized financial framework, only in the 1860s and 1870s did the federal government ultimately foster the formation of regional banks. This article serves as an introduction to comprehend the origins and progression of the Colombian banking system.

The Feminist Lens: Analyzing the Impact of Female-Centric Television Narratives

The growing prevalence of female-led television dramas has catalyzed a surge in feminist discourse across social media platforms. These narratives resonate with viewers by depicting challenges related to professional environments, marital dynamics, and familial relationships, thereby shaping female viewpoints and amplifying the voices of numerous women. They underscore the notion that freedom is not merely an aspirational ideal but an inherent right essential for pursuing a meaningful existence. This research investigates the contributions of female-led television dramas to the advancement of feminism. Through an analysis of their influence on audiences, the discourse generated on social media, and the platforms they establish for women to articulate their perspectives, the study assesses how these dramas foster feminist ideologies within a global framework. The results indicate that female-led television dramas significantly contribute to the progression of feminist movements.

Art Consumption and Internet Use in the US

Using data from GSS 2022, this study investigates the factors influencing participation in artistic activities, identifying educational attainment, race, political ideology, and citizenship status as significant determinants. Consistent with prior research, educational attainment emerges as a crucial predictor, likely due to the exposure to various artistic experiences and the development of relevant appreciation and participation skills imparted through education. Similarly, race significantly influences artistic participation, with minorities showing a greater likelihood of engagement, possibly due to cultural exposure and interest. Interestingly, political ideology also plays a notable role, with individuals holding liberal ideologies demonstrating higher participation, potentially reflecting their value for diversity and inclusion, themes often prevalent in art. Citizenship status further contributes to this complex dynamic, impacting individuals' involvement in the arts. This study provides insights into the multifaceted nature of artistic engagement, emphasizing the importance of diverse factors in understanding cultural participation.

Dampak Ideologi Liberalisme terhadap Pola Pikir Umat Islam

Liberalism and Islamare two ways in different directions. Although both are often juxtaposed in every discussion of scholars, it is very difficult to put together. Islamis a religion that is assumed to the word of God through"the"book"of"the"Quran"and the hadith"of"the"Apostle, where each of its adherents has boundaries in carrying out life to survive in the world and the hereafter, while liberalism comes as an ideology that emphasizes the rights and freedom of every individual in all aspects of life including religion. This journal aims to present knowledge about"the"impact"of the ideology of liberalism"on"the"thought"of"the"Islamic Ummah. This study involved related literature analysis of academic sources, including theoretical works and thoughts of scholars andIslamicthinkers."The"conclusion"that"can"be"drawn"from"this"study"isthat"the"understanding"of"liberalism is still widely adopted by the Islamic Ummah even though the ideology of liberalism is very"contrary"to"the"teachings"of"Islam", this"is"due"to"the"weak religious education in every individual of the Islamic Ummah itself which then considers that Islamic rules curb human freedom.

Fiscal Balance Impacts of Government Outsourcing: Political Ideology as a Moderating Factor

Government outsourcing has emerged as a significant strategy for managing government organizations in the delivery of public goods and services, attracting considerable attention in the fields of public administration and policy studies. This study investigates the relationship between government outsourcing and fiscal balance while examining the moderating role of left- and right-wing political ideologies. Employing panel analysis of data from 31 OECD countries over the period of 2009–2019, the findings indicate that government outsourcing negatively affects fiscal balance, resulting in an increase in the primary balance deficit. However, the impact varies based on political ideology. Specifically, conservative ideology is associated with enhanced fiscal soundness through outsourcing, while progressive ideology is found to worsen fiscal balance. To infer the underlying mechanisms driving these outcomes, the study reveals that outsourcing, in conjunction with conservative ideology, is linked to reduced government expenditure and public employment. Conversely, progressive ideology is associated with increased government expenditure and public employment.

Demos The People

This paper explores Alessandro Ferrara’s concept of transgenerational sovereignty within liberal political theory. It argues that “the people” must be understood ontologically as a political subject that includes past, present, and future generations. Drawing on social ontology and aesthetic theory, it examines how representation and constituent power form the basis of enduring democratic legitimacy. The essay highlights the role of institutions, such as constitutional courts, in ensuring justice across generations and challenges presentist conceptions of political agency.

Rewriting the Green Agenda: Policy Interventions for Gender-Just Sustainability

bility, and the importance of green policies being informed by a gendered purview of environmental justice. Current frameworks and policies surrounding the environment focus on the notion of ecological sustainability but lack consideration of the unique challenges women face, particularly disenfranchised women, in the Global North and South, in regard to environmental justice. While feminist political theory and ecofeminism established in the previous chapters, indicates that women are more likely to experience the harmful effects of environmental destruction, climate change, and other ecological catastrophes, there is little attention directed to the impact of gender on sustainability and environmental action. There is an implicit underlying idea that women’s socio-economic roles, access to resources, and physical space marginalize them in ways that influence their vulnerability while facing climate change, such as chronic displacement, and the role of energy consumption in urban settings. Case studies demonstrate that although proposed green policies can be contextualized as inclusive of group and collective actions, they are ultimately ineffective in facilitating their acceptance of ‘gender equity’ and the continuation of public or private policies advancing sustainable development and environmental justice. The research critiques the progressive, and predominantly gender-neutral, approach to green policies that do little to displace the understandings and notions of structural inequalities that privilege men’s decision-making power and exacerbate women’s vulnerabilities when environmental challenges arise. As a theoretical view ecofeminism articulates the exploitation of both women and the environment are connected; as they stress that sustainable and green living should not only focus on ecological sustainability, they arguably and importantly include gender alongside sustainability. The study proposes a reimagined policy framework where gender equity is embedded in the core of environmental governance. It calls for targeted interventions such as the inclusion of women in decision-making processes, equal access to green technologies, and the recognition of women’s roles as primary agents of environmental stewardship. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations for policymakers, urging them to ensure that the transition to a green economy not only addresses ecological concerns but also fosters social justice, ensuring a fair, inclusive, and sustainable future for all.

Oratorical leadership of chief justices in post-handover Hong Kong

Abstract This article examines how Hong Kong’s three post-handover chief justices—Andrew Li, Geoffrey Ma, and Andrew Cheung—have responded to constitutional and political challenges through their public speeches, statements, and interviews. It observes that Li adopted a bold and proactive approach that connected Hong Kong’s legal system with the wider common law world, while Ma sought greater engagement with the general public on rule-of-law issues. Cheung’s approach, in contrast, has thus far been more conciliatory and circumspect than that of his predecessors. Despite the differing leadership styles adopted by the three chief justices and the distinct nature of the challenges they have faced, the task for all three has been to find an equilibrium between liberal and authoritarian ideologies that sustains Hong Kong’s common law legal system without compromising Chinese sovereignty, and an element of pragmatism underlies all three leaders’ oratory approaches.

Warenhuis: Symbol of Modernity and Economic Transformation of Medan in 20th Century

This study investigates the WarenhuisMedans first modern department storeas both a symbol of colonial-era modernity and a pivotal force in the citys economic transformation during the Dutch East Indies period. Strategically located at the confluence of European urban planning and local commercial dynamics, the Warenhuis served not only as a site for retail activity but also as a visual and functional embodiment of socio-economic change within a rapidly industrializing colonial context. The central inquiry guiding this research is: in what ways did the emergence and operation of the Warenhuis mirror and shape Medans economic and spatial development during the colonial era? Using a qualitative historical methodology, the research draws upon archival sources, colonial-era newspapers, and urban planning documents to trace the department stores role in reshaping the citys commercial infrastructure. The findings reveal that the Warenhuis operated as more than a commercial establishmentit acted as a cultural and economic interface, where colonial ideologies of progress intersected with indigenous modes of consumption and space-making. It simultaneously symbolized colonial ambition and enabled capitalist expansion, contributing significantly to the formation of Medans modern urban identity in the early 20th century.

Red, blue and the bottom line: political ideologies in financial reporting

Purpose Unveiling the ideological undercurrents of corporate financial reporting, this study aims to explore how liberal and conservative political ideologies shape earnings management (EM) through a bottom-up approach, examining employee political donations in US firms. Design/methodology/approach Leveraging a comprehensive sample of S&P 1500 firms from 2013 to 2020, multiple metrics are applied – including an aggregate index, accrual-based and production cost models – to analyse the relationship between political ideology and financial reporting. Findings Results show how liberal firms demonstrate a distinctive EM approach, engaging more actively in downward earnings manipulation. This strategy suggests a willingness to absorb short-term losses, potentially creating strategic “cookie jars” or executing calculated “big bath” accounting manoeuvres. Research limitations/implications The study’s focus on large, publicly traded US firms acknowledges contextual limitations in broader applicability. Practical implications The research provides relevant insights for policymakers, investors and stakeholders, shedding light on the intricate interplay between political ideology and financial reporting practices. Social implications Contributing to the broader discourse on corporate-policy interactions, the study highlights the complex reciprocal influences between firm political ideology and societal dynamics. Originality/value By tracing the ideological footprints in EM, the study expands the understanding of how political factors subtly yet significantly shape corporate financial behaviours.

A Operating The Trend of Feminism Research from Perspective of Islam: A Literature Review

Feminism is an ideology that advocates for gender equality, emphasizing that men and women are entitled to equal rights across all aspects of life. While Islam also upholds women's rights, equating it directly with feminism can be misleading. Both frameworks share a common emphasis on equality, yet they operate within distinct philosophical and cultural contexts. Islam emphasizes equality before God, particularly in worship and moral responsibility, whereas feminism broadly addresses systemic gender disparities in societal and political realms. This research examines the intersection and divergence between feminist ideology and Islamic principles concerning women's rights. Using a qualitative method with a literature review approach, the study analyzes scholarly works from the Scopus database, published between 2020 and 2024. Findings indicate that recent research tends to focus on women's societal roles, such as maternity, abortion, and marriage, within the scope of either feminism or Islam, but rarely in direct comparison. Moreover, feminist discourse often extends beyond traditional gender roles, demanding broader rights that are not always framed in Islamic discourse. This research contributes to a clearer understanding of where feminism and Islam converge and diverge, offering insights for future interdisciplinary studies on gender, religion, and rights. Further research is recommended to expand the scope beyond Asia and include diverse cultural perspectives.

Building a feminist world through memes: semiotic configuration of gender ideology in Chinese feminist memes

ABSTRACT This paper explores how memes are employed to configure gender ideology with the aim to illuminate their unique role in feminist activism. Through feminist critical discourse analysis with the ideological square model, 139 feminist memes in Chinese social media are examined. Three key strategies are found in the positive self-presentation of feminist ideology: legitimating feminist values, reconceptualizing women and femininity, and remanufacturing character meanings. They demonstrate an ideology embedded in Chinese socio-cultural contexts to contest traditional gender norms and empower women and femininity. With these strategies, the memes function as a significant semiotic resource for reversing gender ideology and building a unique feminist world in Chinese social media. They facilitate a form of digital feminist activism that, while less overtly confrontational, demonstrates sustained resistance through grassroots participation and networked meaning-making practices.

අඟනගුණදපණ කෘතිය පිළිබඳ විමර්ශනාත්මක අධ්‍යයනයක්  [An Investigational Study on Anganagunadapana

"Anganagunadapana," a unique poetic composition printed in 1894 in Balapitiya, Galle, previously known as Welithota, is a literary gem that reflects the era's societal attitudes towards women. The title is translated to "The Mirror of Women's Virtues," the authorship is attributed to N. Catherine Silva, also known as Welithara Iskole Hamine. However, the information about her remains scarce, making her contributions all the more enigmatic and precious. This poetic work was created in response to "Virathiviwadaya," a text that propagated anti-women ideologies, whose origins remain unclear. Silva's collection of 62 poems stands as a rebuttal to these misogynistic views, weaving together influences from Buddhist and Christian thought, along with classical Sinhalese literature. Her integration of diverse literary traditions highlights the depth and complexity of her arguments against prevailing sexist norms. At a time when feminist ideologies had not yet gained traction in Sri Lankan society, Silva's efforts were pioneering. Her work not only challenged the entrenched male perspectives about women but also reflected the colonial period's impact on gender roles within the local context. Despite its significance, Silva's literary contributions have not been extensively discussed within academic circles. This paper aims to rectify this oversight by examining how "Anganagunadapana" meticulously challenged prevailing male attitudes about women. Employing a qualitative research methodology and conducting a comprehensive library survey, this study underscores the enduring relevance of Silva's work. It concludes that her poetic endeavors effectively fulfilled her intention of defending and illustrating the virtues of women, thereby contributing valuably to the feminist discourse of her time.

Fashion and Feminism: Role of Clothing in Shaping Feminist Discourses and Identities

Fashion has consistently served as a powerful medium for self-expression, identity formation, and social commentary. This research delves into the intricate relationship between fashion and feminism, investigating how clothing has been both a reflection of feminist ideologies and a catalyst for social change. The study traces feminist movements across history, showing how fashion- from suffragette symbolism to 70’s unisex styles to digital-age activism -has expressed and shaped gender politics. The research focuses on the symbolic, practical, and performative dimensions of fashion in feminist movements, exploring how clothing challenges societal norms, asserts individual and collective agency, and fosters solidarity within and across communities. It critically examines the duality of fashion as both a tool for empowerment and a site of potential compromise, where commercialism and patriarchal influences may dilute feminist intentions. By employing a mix method approach—including quantitative and qualitative interviews with activists and designers, content analysis of media representations, and archival studies of feminist artifacts, Results show that fashion plays a significant role in self-expression and it helps individuals express their empowerment and identity. However, concerns for commercialization dilutes feminist messages increasing its susceptibility to commodification. Other influencing factors include social, economic, cultural and other social factors. The study contributes valuable insights to the discourse on fashion and feminism and underscores the need for raising awareness how market forces can exploit feminist ideals that might help individuals make informed choices and push for ethical and purpose-driven fashion.

Scrutinize the Society: What Dismantles English Commonwealth

Upon scrutinizing the study on field of Collapsing of English Commonwealth, we found the specific topic-the transition between Commonwealth and the Restoration blank for supplements. In specific, this essay analyzes that firstly, the Rump Parliament British Commonwealth collapsed for lacking of legitimacy, failing to maintain balance between interest groups, and losing the trust of citizens; furthermore, the New Model Army with its internal conflicts, who to support and tolerance towards diversified groups, did contribute to the collapse of the Commonwealth; mutually, these two factors made the Commonwealth have to maintain in power. In addition, this article analyzes the changes in British ideology before and after the Rump parliament from the perspective of ideological struggle and the important role of liberal ideology in this period, and discusses the impact of ideology on the restoration of the monarchy. Combining these three sections, this essay in a whole, presents a picture on the collapse of English Commonwealth, and the direct reason of restoration-to stabilize the conflicting society.