Female Inmates Research Articles

여성수용자 양육유아처우에 대한 비교고찰 : 호주를 중심으로

여성수용자 양육유아처우에 대한 비교고찰 : 호주를 중심으로

Pengaruh Religiusitas Terhadap Rasa Bersalah Pada Warga Binaan Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Perempuan Kelas IIA Martapura

This study aims to examine the influence of religiosity on guilt feelings among female inmates in Class IIA Women's Penitentiary Martapura. The research involved 213 female inmates aged between 15 and 50 years old. The participants' guilt feelings were measured using a guilt feelings scale, while their religiosity was assessed using a religiosity scale. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The findings indicated a significant positive correlation between religiosity and guilt feelings, suggesting that higher levels of religiosity were associated with increased guilt feelings. Regression analysis further confirmed the influence of religiosity on guilt feelings. The study also explored the influence of age, types of offenses, sentence duration, and length of incarceration on guilt feelings and religiosity. The results revealed variations in guilt feelings and religiosity based on these factors. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between religiosity and guilt feelings among female inmates, emphasizing the importance of religious factors in the correctional context.

Empowering Rehabilitation: An Exploration of Legal Counselling's Role in Female Inmate Assimilation at Indonesian Penitentiaries

This study aims to examine the implementation of community service activities as part of the Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi (Three Pillars of Higher Education) by lecturers, focusing on legal counseling on Islamic law for female inmates at Class II A Tembilahan Penitentiary. The research employs a direct field approach, offering lectures related to Islamic law and providing counseling opportunities. It spans over a period from January 2023 to March 2023. The findings indicate a noticeable increase in legal awareness and a potential for assimilation among female convicts, contributing to their mental development and promoting repentance. These measures are anticipated to result in a deterrent effect, preventing the recurrence of past transgressions. The implications of this research underline the crucial role of academic involvement in penitentiaries, specifically highlighting the impact of integrating the teaching of Islamic law into the rehabilitation of female convicts.
 Highlights:
 
 Implementation of legal counseling by academic lecturers contributes significantly to the increase of legal awareness among female inmates at Class II A Tembilahan Penitentiary.
 Lectures on Islamic law over a three-month period contributed to noticeable mental development and a sense of repentance among the inmates.
 The integration of academic community services in penitentiaries presents a potential deterrent effect and reduces the chances of inmates repeating past transgressions.
 
 Keywords: Legal Counseling, Islamic Law, Female Inmates, Rehabilitation, Assimilation
 
 

Empowering Rehabilitation: An Exploration of Legal Counselling's Role in Female Inmate Assimilation at Indonesian Penitentiaries

This study aims to examine the implementation of community service activities as part of the Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi (Three Pillars of Higher Education) by lecturers, focusing on legal counseling on Islamic law for female inmates at Class II A Tembilahan Penitentiary. The research employs a direct field approach, offering lectures related to Islamic law and providing counseling opportunities. It spans over a period from January 2023 to March 2023. The findings indicate a noticeable increase in legal awareness and a potential for assimilation among female convicts, contributing to their mental development and promoting repentance. These measures are anticipated to result in a deterrent effect, preventing the recurrence of past transgressions. The implications of this research underline the crucial role of academic involvement in penitentiaries, specifically highlighting the impact of integrating the teaching of Islamic law into the rehabilitation of female convicts.
 Highlights:
 
 Implementation of legal counseling by academic lecturers contributes significantly to the increase of legal awareness among female inmates at Class II A Tembilahan Penitentiary.
 Lectures on Islamic law over a three-month period contributed to noticeable mental development and a sense of repentance among the inmates.
 The integration of academic community services in penitentiaries presents a potential deterrent effect and reduces the chances of inmates repeating past transgressions.
 
 Keywords: Legal Counseling, Islamic Law, Female Inmates, Rehabilitation, Assimilation
 
 

The Legal and Psychological Challenges of Female Prisoners in Pakistan

In Pakistan, female prisoners experience a range of difficulties and hindrances that have an impact on both their legal rights and psychological well-being. This study addresses the legal and psychological problems that Pakistani female inmates experience and investigates their causes and effects. A thorough overview of the situation of female prisoners in Pakistan is provided by the research using both qualitative and quantitative data from diverse sources. To solve these problems and better help female convicts, the essay also makes several recommendations to stakeholders and legislators.

Strengthening of Detention Management for the Prevention of Recidivism of Female Inmates

Strengthening of Detention Management for the Prevention of Recidivism of Female Inmates

Psychological distress of inmates at a women's prison in Lima after the first wave of COVID-19 in November 2020.

A descriptive study was carried out to establish the levels of psychological distress amongst female inmates at a high-security prison in Lima in November 2020, after the first wave of COVID-19. The Brief Symptoms Inventory-18 (BSI-18) was applied to a representative sample of 314 female inmates who agreed to participate in the study. Results showed that 34.6% of the inmates could be considered as cases of psychological distress. Moreover, the depression subscale had the highest score, followed by the anxiety and the somatisation subscales. The most prevalent symptom was "feeling blue". The prevalence of distress symptoms was analyzed, taking into account the effects of the first wave of COVID-19, the suspension of family visits, the restriction of treatment and leisure activities, etc. Gender aspects were also taken into consideration.

Factors associated with sexually transmitted diseases amongst female prison inmates in Peru.

The number of women in prison is rapidly increasing every year and it is important to establish what factors are related to the probability of presenting STDs in this population to enable health control policies to be established. An analysis was carried out on the open database of the national prison population survey conducted in 2016 in all Peruvian prisons. The study was based on the census and all female and male adults in prison were surveyed using a validated questionnaire. The sample consisted of 4,574 inmates in 67 institutions, covering 98.8% of the inmate population. It was found that presenting tuberculosis (PR: 2.64; CI 95%, 1.32-5.26), HIV/AIDS (PR 6.54, CI 95% 1.52-28.18), hepatitis (PR: 4.01; CI 95%, 1.23-13.11) and drug use (PR: 2.44; CI 95%, 1.32-4.52), are statistically related (P ≤0.05) are factors associated with the presence of STDs in the multivariate model with a P ≤0.05. The inclusion of associated factors (tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis and drug use) should be part of the strategy to control and treat STD in women's prisons in Peru.

Healthcare Choices and Challenges among Female Inmates in Selected Correctional Facilities in Southwestern Nigeria

The study examined healthcare choices and challenges among female inmates in selected correctional facilities in Nigeria. This is with a view to examining the major healthcare challenges and choices available. The study employed the descriptive research method, the purposive sampling technique was employed in the selection of the correctional facilities, while the proportionate sampling technique was used to select the female respondents, and a 50% proportion was used. While descriptive analysis was used to analyse the primary data, such parameters as frequency, percentage, mean, and inferential (Pearson’s product moments correlation coefficients) were adopted in the analysis of the primary data. The study reveals that there is a positive and significant relationship between available healthcare and female inmates’ reproductive health, as well as a negative and insignificant relationship between major healthcare challenges and female inmates’ health. The study concludes that available healthcare and female inmates’ reproductive health move in the same direction, while major healthcare challenges and female inmates’ reproductive health move in the opposite direction. The study recommends that in order to improve the female inmate’s reproductive health, the available healthcare facilities require improvement, and the identified health challenges should be addressed as public health issues by the medical practitioners. It is also recommended that a large proportion of the health sector budget be directed towards providing qualitative health facilities in the correctional facilities across the nation in order to improve the standards of female inmates’ reproductive health status.

Continuing Education Needs of Custodial Adult Inmates for Sustainable Community Development in Zamfara State, Nigeria

This study assessed the Continuing Education Needs of Custodial Adult Inmates for Sustainable Community Development in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study was 762 respondents in the 5 Nigerian Correctional Custodial Centres of Zamfara State. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample 351 Custodial Adult Inmates comprising all the 266 male and 85 female convicted inmates of the Gusau Central Custodial Centre for the study. The instrument used for data collection was self-structured questionnaire tagged “Questionnaire on the Continuing Education Needs of Custodial Adult Inmates (QACENCAI)”. The instrument was subjected to face validation by three experts. The reliability coefficient for the instrument was 0.85. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of mean, while the null hypotheses were tested using t-test at the probability of 0.05 level of significance. The study showed that there were only two Continuing Education (CE) programmes for Adult inmates in Gusau Central Custodial Centre and at the time of the study, there were convicts trainees in the CE programmes of the Gusau Central Custodial Centre. Based on these findings, the study recommended among others that the Nigerian Correctional Service (NCS) should introduce more CE programmes and extend them to other Satellite’s Custodial Centres of the state for sustainable community development in the study area and country at large.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Co-Occurring Disorders: Is There a Relationship Among ACEs, Mental Health Issues, and Substance Use Among Inmates?

Previous literature has shown that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a factor in future criminal behavior, victimization, and overall health. Research has also found that co-occurring disorders (CODs) are prevalent among inmates with approximately half of inmates meeting the criteria of mental health and substance use disorders in previous studies. Exposure to ACEs and drug use may also be higher in rural, Appalachian areas with the opioid crisis impacting adults and children alike. Moreover, research has indicated that some relationships, such as parenthood, may serve as protective factors for those involved in the justice system. The current study explores the relationship between ACEs and CODs, specifically in the areas of substance use and mental health among a rural jail sample. This study utilizes an Inmate History and Needs interview survey completed by 166 inmates (59 females, 107 males) from three different rural jails in a southern state to examine the relationship between ACEs and CODs among inmates, if CODs differ among male and female inmates, and the relationship between parents, CODs, and living with their children prior to arrest. We found that inmates in our study report high rates of ACEs, mental health issues, and drug use, and there is a significant relationship between exposure to ACEs and CODs.

Gender Effects in Actuarial Risk Assessment: An Item Response Theory Psychometric Study of the LS/CMI

Actuarial tools play an important role in correctional and risk management systems as they are widely used to assess potential recidivism. In psychometric studies of the predictive value of these tools, it is, rightly or wrongly, common to find all items and all components being given the same weight such that they contribute equally to the case management of individuals and to the determination of criminal recidivism risk. Item Response Theory (IRT) allows for psychometric analysis permitting to evaluate the quality of the items in actuarial tools, such as the LS/CMI. As such, IRT methods can improve our understanding of an instrument’s psychometric properties well beyond what is already known from traditional approaches. This paper draws on IRT to explore the predictive evidence for the LS/CMI across inmates’ reported gender. The sample consisted of male (n = 1200) and female (n = 1148) inmates serving a custodial sentence. The analyses suggest that the predictive evidence for the LS/CMI is strongly related to the discrimination parameter of the items and varies considerably by gender. In conclusion, this study contributes to the understanding of criminal recidivism as a function of gender and questions the interpretation of the total score (from the section General Risk/Need Factors) generated by the LS/CMI.

‘…Because We’re the Minority, We’re Neglected’: Exploring Gender-Specific Problems Facing Female Inmates in a Male Custodial Centre

ABSTRACT A small proportion of women are found in the prison population worldwide and consequently they have been ignored in prison studies and policy engagements designed to mitigate their “pains of imprisonment.” Despite the growing literature on prison science, only a few data-based studies have investigated the negative experiences of women prisoners in Nigeria. This research, therefore, sets out to empirically examine the gender-specific problems facing female inmates. A thematic analysis of the in-depth oral interview data generated from 25 inmates purposively selected from the women population revealed that their dietary, medical, personal hygienic and motherhood needs were grossly insufficient and dehumanizing. The situation is so debilitating that they have no option but to reuse such personal hygienic requirements as sanitary/menstrual pads and sometimes, use toilet papers and pieces of cloths in its stead. Other needs were occasionally met by their family members, churches, charity organizations, and individual donors. Confining women in correctional facilities established and equipped for men rather intensified their plight. The study calls for continuous determined efforts by governments, civil liberty organizations, faith-based institutions, and the academia to obtain – through policy, research, and practice – empirical evidence that is capable of providing practical solution to the problem. The intervention is both multi-sectoral and cross-disciplinary based, demonstrating a new drive and potential for harm reduction, as well as strengthening the growing advocacy on the treatment of (women) prisoners for better results. The call for further studies was also discussed to justify any perceived limitations.

Female Inmates and Young Offenders: A Call for Implementation of the Nigerian Correctional Service Act 2019

On the 14th August 2019, the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari signed into law a bill that repels the Prisons Act CAP P 29, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 2004 and provides a change in nomenclature for the foremost correctional institution in Nigeria, Nigeria Prison Service (NPS) to Nigerian Correctional Service (NCoS) . Apart from the obvious change in name, the Act provides for quite a number of amendments geared towards a total overhaul of the activities of the service and a much expected radical change in the treatment of offenders in Nigeria, as well as an overall more-friendly environment for the inevitable erring and recalcitrant members of our society. This paper looks at the amendments as it relates to females and young offenders and discusses the implications of those amendments in line with International Best Practices and Requirements. It calls for urgent implementation of the novel provisions, for nothing would have been done if the amendments are not given practical realization. Keywords: Correctional Service, females and young offenders, amendments, implementation DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/130-02 Publication date: March 31 st 2023

Counterterrorism Cooperation Strategy Of The National Counterterrorism Agency With The Ministry Of Defense In Tackling Female Terrorists In Indonesia

The relationship between women and terrorism has undergone a significant shift in perspective. Initially, women were associated with being victims of terrorism, but now they play a role in various activities within terrorism. As a result, the burden of rehabilitating female terrorist inmates is disproportionately placed on correctional institutions. Therefore, National Counterterrorism Agency recognizes the importance of implementing mitigation, prevention, and deradicalization programs to have a more effective impact. This study uses qualitative research methods, including interviews and document analysis, and data validation through triangulation. The aim of this research is to examine the implementation, inhibiting and supporting factors, as well as the cooperation strategy between National Counterterrorism Agency and the Ministry of Defense in countering female terrorism in Indonesia. The results of this research first show the implementation of national defense in combating female terrorism in Indonesia through the implementation of the National Defense Awareness Program and increasing cooperation with local governments, TNI, Polri, and other parties. Second, regulatory obstacles are the inhibiting factor, while the supporting factor is the collaboration and coordination with relevant institutions to facilitate the handling of female terrorism in Indonesia. Third, the cooperation strategy of deradicalization between National Counterterrorism Agency and the Ministry of Defense prepares and anticipates potential terrorist threats that can endanger national security, public safety, state sovereignty, and the integrity of all regions of Indonesia..

A Sociological Inquiry on Training and Treatment of the Wellbeing of Female Inmates in Correctional Facilities in Ogun and Lagos States, Nigeria

All over the world, the UNODC policy of 2011 agitates for needs to train, treat and promote the wellbeing of female inmates so as to reduce and control rate of recidivism in the country. Women are considered as care givers whose duty includes socialisation; domestication and procreation of offspring for societal continuity. In Nigeria, once women are convicted or apprehended by law, they faces lot of challenges ranging from stigmatization, poor health treatment, isolation, psychological trauma, unequal treatment among others Relevance publications to include local and international journals, magazines, newspaper, textbooks and articles were reviewed and double deviance feminist theory was adopted for justification of the inquiry. A mixed method was adopted with cross sectional survey method. Total population for the study in the three selected correctional facilities in Lagos and Ogun states was estimated to 348 inmates but 250 was found useful for the quantitative analysis while 15 female inmates were selected for the qualitative analysis. The result indicated that there are many factors that increase female involvement in criminal acts ranging from greed, poverty, unemployment. The second result shows that the treatment available for female inmates has insignificant negative effect on their wellbeing while the last indicated that training have significant relationship with female wellbeing in the facilities. The government, non-governmental organisation and the philanthropists should collective support the promotion of the wellbeing of female inmates and adequate cares and supervision should be ensure through the use of CCTV cameras in the facilities

Influence of Gender on the Adversity Quotient (AQ) of Inmates in Delta State, Nigeria

This study is to determine the influence of gender on the Adversity Quotient of inmates in Delta State. One research question and corresponding hypothesis guided the study. The design of the study was a descriptive research design. A sample of 525 inmates was drawn from a population of 7,348 inmates in all the custodian centres in Delta State. The researchers adopted purposive and non-proportionate stratified simple random sampling techniques for the sample size determination. The instrument for the study was titled Adversity Quotient Scale for Prisoners (AQSP). The AQSP is made up of 96 items delineating inmates feeling adversity. Almost half of the items of the AQSP were positively keyed while the othesr half was negatively keyed. The face and content validities of the instrument were established. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained using internal consistency reliability via Cronbach Alpha technique. A coefficient of 0.95 was obtained. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation, independent sample t–test technique. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the male and female inmates on their Adversity Quotient. This implies that there is nothing to worry about when comparing the adversity level of male and female inmates. The study therefore recommended among others that prison warders should encourage the inmates by giving assignments on biographies of people within and outside the immediate environment of inmates who have distinguished themselves through dint of discipline, hard-work and sheer bravery.

Prevalence and Factors Influencing Smoking Behavior among Female Inmates in Malaysia.

Lately, smoking among adolescents is increasing despite various campaigns to address it being carried out. Previously, this habit was common among men, however, nowadays, smoking has become a habit for women as well. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and its associated factors that influence smoking behavior among women inmates in Kelantan. A cross-sectional study was carried out among women inmates from Pengkalan Chepa Women's Prison, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. A total of 274 respondents were needed to answer a self-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Multiple Logistic Regression. A total of 183 participants were smokers. Women who were single and divorced had a lower chance of being influenced to smoke compared to married women. Parents with smoking habits were more associated with children who smoked compared to parents who did not smoke. A participant with secondary level education had higher odds of smoking compared to a participant with primary level education. Smoking peers significantly influenced their friends and, therefore, peer practice was a main factor influencing smoking among women inmates. The prevalence of smoking among women inmates in Kelantan was found to be quite high. Religion (majority (90.5%) of women in the study were Muslims; it would be inappropriate to draw conclusion that religion is an influencing factor), marital status, parents' practice, peer practice and education significantly influenced women inmates to smoke.

Overview of SARS-COV-2 infection at the Butantan Penitentiary Progression Center.

To estimate the prevalence of exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus among individuals living in restricted freedom. A seroprevalence survey was carried out with the population of the female penitentiary of the Centro de Progressão Penitenciária (CPP) in Butantan (municipality of São Paulo), between June 24 and August 20, 2020. During this period, according to the Secretariat of Penitentiary Administration (SAP), the positivity of rapid tests among inmates ranged from 65% to 78%. The evaluation method used in the study was the "One Step COVID-19" rapid test (chromatography), from the company Wondfo, also using the RT-PCR method in symptomatic participants to confirm the viral condition. The study population consisted of 879 female inmates and 170 employees of the institution. The prevalence of total antibodies (IgG/IgM) against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the total population of 1049 study participants was 6.1%; among the population of 879 inmates,a prevalence of 5.8% was observed, and among the institution's employees, 7.5%. The prevalence of covid-19 at the Butantan CPP was low, which is due to the implementation of simple prevention measures at the institution, such as the use of masks (with appropriate changes), emphasis on hygiene, hand washing and social distancing, in addition to other strategies, such as suspending inmates' visits from relatives and friends and cutting back on elective medical appointments and outside work.

여성수용자 처우에 관한 개선방안

여성수용자 처우에 관한 개선방안