Feed Water Temperature Research Articles

Experimental and numerical performance analysis of an active cooling wall module equipped with micro-encapsulated phase change material

The application of phase change materials (PCMs) combined with radiant cooling systems (RCS) in the building sector has attracted enormous interest in recent years owing to its thermal storage potential and feasibility for small-scale energy renovation of existing buildings. Different configurations of these systems and their performance have been experimentally tested and academically investigated. The present study experimentally tested a newly conceived PCM-equipped modular cooling wall and evaluated the impact on thermal performance under different feed water temperatures and PCM concentrations using numerical methods. From the parametric study, we found that the feed water temperature, in comparison to the PCM concentration, is the dominant factor influencing cooling power and the final radiant surface temperature of the wall module. During charging, these two factors impact the time constant τ95 much more than τ63. Comparing the time required for the wall surface to reach the set reference temperature of 23 C∘ during discharging, it takes 2.37 times longer in the 30% PCM scenario than in the scenario without PCM when the feed water temperature is 5 C∘. If the feed water temperature increases to 10 and 15 C∘, this factor changes to 1.88 and 0.59, respectively. Taken together, the results were intended to optimize the design and definition of the PCM-RCS configuration for various usage scenarios.

Central Heating Control Charts for the Economic Use of Energy in Residential Buildings

Methods and types (qualitative, quantitative or mixed) of control of central heating installations in residential buildings are presented. Measurements were made for a radiator in a central heating system that was powered by a heating node substation. The output temperature of the heat node supplying the residential building, in which the test stand was located, was compared with the measured supply and return temperature. Indoor room temperature, outdoor air temperature, inflow and outflow temperature on the vertical supplying the heater were also recorded and analysed. These data were compared with the control charts of the heat networks allowing for direct readings of the required feed water temperature for a given outdoor temperature according to the Heat Energy Enterprises data. The differences are accordingly presented. The actual measurements, read at the test stand located on the 2nd floor of the 4-storey building with input parameters of 90/70 °C during the entire month of December 2022, are recorded every 6 hours and are tabulated and displayed in comparison charts with the calculated parameters. Inflow and outflow temperatures values on the vertical supplying the heater and the values of outdoor temperature measured by a sensor were analysed. The temperatures supplied to the radiators in the apartments were also compared with the requirements of electronic heating cost allocators contained in the PN EN 834 standard. New design temperatures for the central heating installation were proposed due to the requirements of the electronic heating cost allocator.

Performances of PTFE and PVDF membranes in achieving the discharge limit of mixed anodic oxidation coating wastewaters treated by membrane distillation

The mixed wastewater generated by anodic oxidation coating facilities contains high levels of various contaminants, including iron, aluminum, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and sulfate. In this study, the effectiveness of the membrane distillation (MD) process using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes was investigated to treat mixed wastewater from an anodized coating factory. The results indicate that both hydrophobic membranes effectively removed targeted contaminants. However, the PTFE membrane achieved higher removal efficiencies, with over 99% removal of sulfate, conductivity, iron, and aluminum, 85.7% of COD, and 86% of total organic carbon (TOC). In contrast, the PVDF membrane exhibited a significant decline in removal efficiency as the temperature increased and performed well only at lower feed temperatures. The PTFE membranes outperformed the PVDF membranes in treating chemically intensive anodic oxidation wastewaters. This superiority can be attributed to the PTFE membrane's morphology and structure, which are less influenced by feed water temperature and chemicals. Additionally, its slippery surface imparts anti-adhesion properties, effectively preventing membrane fouling, and maintaining the treated water quality and flux for longer operation time.

Machine learning assisted improved desalination pilot system design and experimentation for the circular economy

Desalination is among the most feasible solutions to supply sustainable and clean drinking water in water scarcity areas. In this regard, Multi-Effect Desalination (MED) systems are particularly preferred for harsh feeds (high temperature and salinity) because of their robust mode of operation for water production. However, maintaining the efficient operation of the MED systems is challenging because of the large system design and variables' interdependencies that are sensitive to the distillate production. Therefore, this research leverages the power of machine learning and optimization to estimate the optimal operating conditions for the maximum distillate production from the MED system. In the first step, detailed experimentation is conducted for distillate production against hot water temperature (HWT) varying from 38 to 70 °C, and feed water temperature (FWT) is changed from 34 to 42 °C. Whereas, the feed flow rate (FFR) is investigated to be varied nearly from 3.6 to 8.7 LPM in the three stages, i.e., FFR-S1, FFR-S2 and FFR-S3. The compiled dataset is used to make the process models of the MED system by three ML-based algorithms, i.e., Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) under rigorous hyperparameters optimization. GPR exhibited superior predictive performance than those of ANN and SVM on R2 value of 0.99 and RMSE of 0.026 LPM. Monte Carlo technique-based variable significance analysis revealed that the HWT has the highest effect on distillate production with a percentage significance of 95.6 %. Then Genetic Algorithm is used to maximize the distillate production with the GPR model embedded in the optimization problem. The GPR-GA driven maximum distillate production is estimated on HWT = 70 ± 0.5 °C, FWT = 40 ± 2.5 °C, FFR-S1 = 6 ± 2.6 LPM, FFR-S2 = 7 ± 1 LPM and FFR-S3 = 7 ± 1. The ML-GA-based system analysis and optimization of the MED system can boost the distillate production that promotes operation excellence and circular economy from the desalination sector.

Optimizing energy efficiency in brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO): A comprehensive study on prioritizing critical operating parameters for specific energy consumption minimization

Reverse osmosis (RO) systems offer a viable solution for treating brackish water (BW), a common but underutilized water resource. However, the energy-intensive nature of brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) systems poses affordability challenges to water supply, necessitating a focus on minimizing their energy consumption to support SDG6's goal of providing safe and affordable drinking water for all. This study addresses the critical need to minimize the specific energy consumption (SEC) of a typical BWRO system, defined as the energy consumed per unit of water recovered, mathematically and experimentally. Empirical models were developed proving there is a global minimum SEC while adjusting the operating conditions. Furthermore, we identified the key operating factors influencing SEC and their priority levels, along with their interactive effects. Notably, no prior study has discussed the significance and interaction of these operating factors (e.g., feed water salinity, temperature, pressure, flowrate and membrane permeability) on SEC of a BWRO system. Employing a full factorial experimental design with mixed levels of operating parameters, the study developed regression models that elucidate the mechanistic interaction between these parameters and system performance. Moreover, the models were validated experimentally, with a new dataset demonstrating their accuracy and reliability. ANOVA statistical analysis identified feed salinity, pressure, flow rate, feed flow rate×pressure, salinity×pressure, and temperature as influential operating parameters in reducing SEC, in descending order of importance. Operating within the determined optimum range resulted in a 36 % decrease in SEC and a more than fourfold increase in water recovery. The study's systematic approach and findings can be extrapolated to optimize the performance of other desalination technologies and diverse feed water types, contributing significantly to global water sustainability efforts.

Effect of feed water temperature on the performance and economics of thermal energy driven multiple effect distillation system for water treatment

This study presents the design, fabrication, and experimental analysis of Multiple Effect Distillation (MED) plant with four effects (4+C system). A total of 15 experiments were conducted, systematically categorized based on feed water temperature. Baby fire tube boiler producing 25 kg/h steam were installed with plant for experimental study. The investigation focused on distillate output, Gain Output Ratio, Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient, and the cost of distillate. Investigation demonstrates a notable increase in distillate output and Gain Output Ratio as the feed water temperature increases. Furthermore, improvements in the Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient with higher temperatures was observed. Notably, the cost of distillate decreased from $2.5/m³ to $1.5/m³ as the temperature increased. Findings suggest that 80 °C feed water temperature optimizes distillate output and Gain Output Ratio. Beyond this temperature, a decrease in distillate production occurs due to reduced latent heat of vaporization. The economic analysis reveals a trade-off between distillate output and cost, emphasizing the importance of optimizing feed water temperature. The inlet temperature was maintained at 115 ± 0.3 °C, while the boiler pressure remained at 5 bar. In the pilot plant configuration, MED system operating at 80 °C generated a daily water output of 438.93 L/day. The associated cost for producing fresh water was1.65 $/m3, and the system achieved a maximum Gain output ratio of 1.95.

Mechanism of Silica Nanoparticle-Induced Particulate Fouling in Vacuum Membrane Distillation.

Membrane distillation (MD) is a process driven by the vapor pressure difference dependent on temperature variation, utilizing a hydrophobic porous membrane. MD operates at low pressure and temperature, exhibiting resilience to osmotic pressure. However, a challenge arises as the membrane performance diminishes due to temperature polarization (TP) occurring on the membrane surface. The vacuum MD process leverages the application of a vacuum to generate a higher vapor pressure difference, enhancing the flux and mitigating TP issues. Nevertheless, membrane fouling leads to decreased performance, causing membrane wetting and reducing the ion removal efficiency. This study investigates membrane fouling phenomena induced by various silica nanoparticle sizes (400, 900, and 1300 nm). The patterns of membrane fouling, as indicated by the flux reduction, vary depending on the particle size. Distinct MD performances are observed with changes in the feed water temperature and flow rate. When examining the membrane fouling mechanism for particles with a porosity resembling actual particulate materials, a fouling form similar to the solid type is noted. Therefore, this study elucidates the impact of particulate matter on membrane fouling under diverse conditions.

Modeling and simulation of direct contact membrane distillation system integrated with a photovoltaic thermal for electricity and freshwater production

Energy drives the growth, transformation, and economic development of every nation. The vitality of human existence and progress hinges on the accessibility of both energy and water resources. As freshwater resources are diminishing, therefore, desalination needs have increased. In solar membrane distillation systems, the key challenge is maintaining the intake water temperature in the membrane distillation system with fluctuating solar radiation intensity which affects the distillate water quantity and quality. The objective of this study is to enhance and optimize a mathematical model for analyzing a cutting-edge solar-integrated PV/T-DCMD system. In this innovative integration, the direct contact membrane distillation intake water temperature is derived from the photovoltaic thermal output. The integration of direct contact membrane distillation with photovoltaic thermal systems represents a cost-effective and technologically advantageous concept. As the water temperature increases, there is a notable improvement in the evaporation efficiency of PV/T-DCMD systems, with an increase from 35.08% to 42.01%. Additionally, there is a reduction in specific thermal energy consumption, decreasing from 1,192 to 1,386 kWh/m3 as a consequence of the elevated feed water temperature.

Novel Natural Vacuum Membrane Distillation for water desalination: A combinational approach

Many methods have been proposed to produce fresh water utilizing solar and low-grade energy. The natural vacuum method is widely used despite its limitations in water production. The entry of non-condensable gases into the condenser reduces the amount of water production in the natural vacuum system. In addition, it requires a large evaporator surface to produce fresh water at a high rate. This research resolves these limitations for the first time by integrating the natural vacuum and membrane distillation methods, increasing the evaporation area in a small space, and creating a re-vacuum. Based on the results, the amount of water production for feed water with a salinity of 0.5 M, a flow rate of 60 L/h, and temperatures of 45, 65, and 85 °C reach 5.5, 18.5, and 45.9 m3/day for each square meter of the membrane by combining the methods above without creating a re-vacuum for 24-hour tests. Re-vacuum occurs in this novel system by pumping the saline water upward against the outlet valve and the existing membrane. When a re-vacuum occurs every 6 h, the amount of water production for feed water temperatures of 45, 65, and 85 °C increases approximately by 70 % for all feed water temperatures. However, energy consumption does not rise significantly due to employing a pump instead of a vacuum pump.

Energy and exergy analysis at the la joya sugar mill in Champotón, Campeche, Mexico

An energy and exergistic analysis was carried out on the bagacera boiler of the sugar mill "La Joya" located in Champotón, Campeche, making the following assumptions: the process develops in a permanent state, the mass that flows through the control volume does not suffer variations with respect to time, there are no work interactions of the system with the environment, changes in kinetic energy and potential energy are considered negligible, thermodynamic data were provided by the mill's operation and control center. It was found that by increasing the mass flow of feed water (mwater) and decreasing the temperature of the dead state (T0) there was the least destruction of exergy. Simulations were carried out to determine the energy and exegetical efficiencies of the mill as a whole with the help of the Software Engineering Equation Solver (EES). When modifying m ̇_water, with T0 at 25 ℃, and inlet water (Twater) 90 ℃, an increase was observed both efficiencies; the energetic reached a maximum of 88, and the exergetic of 31; It was also observed that the maximum energy efficiency is obtained with the Twater 45℃. On the contrary, the exergetic efficiency at 15.3. It was concluded that it is more important to increase the mass flow of inlet water to increase global efficiencies in mill facilities than its temperature.

Assessment of direct contact membrane distillation system driven by parabolic trough collector plant technology for electricity and freshwater production: Feasibility and benchmark under different Moroccan climates

Morocco has experienced several years of drought, conventional water resources were insufficient to meet the needs of the population, which prompted the kingdom to seek other resources to ensure the supply of drinking water to this population. The most suitable solution was the desalination of seawater. In this context, the design and investigation of concentrated solar power (CSP) plant integrated with a desalination unit in Morocco are presented in this paper. The CSP part consists of a parabolic trough technology with a two-tank storage system, integrated with a power block of 111 MWe gross consisting of a conventional Rankine cycle. As for the desalination part, it consists of a Direct Contact Membrane Distillation System (DCMD) based on heat and mass transfer equations, and is solved numerically by MATLAB environment; the model was validated by means of the experimental data. The results show that the large-scale Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) plants are more competitive in Dakhla -southern Morocco- where the annual energy generation and the capacity factor were estimated to be 493.8 GWh, and 47.6%, respectively. Whereas, the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) is 10.63 ȼ/kWh. Furthermore, it has been found that in the DCMD system, an increase in the feed water temperature leads to an increase in permeate flux. Besides, freshwater production is highest in winters for Dakhla and Agadir (Atlantic Ocean) and it is highest in summers for Saidia and Al Hoceima (Mediterranean Sea). The lowest freshwater production cost is 0.84$/m3 in Dakhla, followed by 0.98$/m3 in Saidia, with the highest production cost at 1.20$/m3 in Agadir.

The impact of a balanced humidification-dehumidification desalination system driven by a vapor-compression heat-pump system

This study adopts a numerical thermo-economic investigation of a novel desalination system. In this system, a vapor compression (VC) heat pump is used to drive a balanced humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination unit with multiple extractions. The mathematical model of the proposed VC-HDH system is validated experimentally. The system is examined for water production under a condenser temperature of 45 °C, evaporator temperature of −5°C, feed saline water temperature of 30 °C, feed saline water flow rate of 1 kg/s, and an energy effectiveness value of 0.85 for the HDH unit’s components. The results show that without air extraction, the system can produce 6.62 kg/h of desalinated water for 0.011 $/l with a gained-output-ratio (GOR) value of 9.1. On the other hand, when a single air extraction is applied, about 20 kg/h of desalination water is produced by the system for 0.0042 $/l and 29 GOR. Increasing the number of air extractions to two yields a freshwater production rate of approximately 40 kg/h for 0.0026 $/l and a GOR value of 57. A considerable positive effect of the HDH unit’s performance is found on the system’s performance on both thermodynamic and economic scales. For better desalination performance, it is found that the feed water temperature should be maintained between 25 °C and 30 °C. Finally, the theoretical ceiling of the proposed system’s GOR is estimated.

A holistic framework for improving the prediction of reverse osmosis membrane performance using machine learning

Accurate prediction and modeling of RO membranes performance is crucial in desalination processes for proper process control and operation. Existing models do not consider all process parameters, leading to less understanding of the parameter's importance. In this study, 5 non-ensemble and 7 ensemble machine learning models were employed to predict the performance of RO membrane. Data from a modern RO desalination plant in the UAE was utilized for the models' building. Thirteen input parameters, including operational parameters, water characteristic parameters, and time-dependent parameters, were used to predict salt rejection. The results suggested that ensemble techniques are more capable of predicting the performance of RO membranes. Among ensemble methods, the XGBoost model was found to outperform other models. Recursive feature elimination was integrated with Shapley additive explanation analysis to gain insights into the most influential predictors and confirm the model's ability to comprehend the RO membrane mechanism. The findings highlighted that five parameters are critical for predicting RO membrane performance and could be prioritized for future monitoring to provide timely membrane performance warnings: the membrane's age, feed water temperature, pressure, feed water flow, and chloride concentration. It also indicated that maintaining lower temperatures, increasing feed water pressure, and increasing feed flow can improve process efficiency. The optimal XGBoost model was found to have an outstanding predictive performance with a high R2 (94.75) and a low RMSE (0.181). Ultimately, the framework proposed by this study can serve as a tool to simplify and understand complex membrane processes.

Practical design of a small-scale PVRO desalination unit using longtime measured water quality reports: A case study for Khuzestan, Iran

This study aims to present a practical design of a small-scale photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis desalination unit (PVRO) based on a local river’s 9-year measured water analysis reports for Buzi-ye Seyf village. After preprocessing the dataset, we used WAVE software to design the RO system, considering nine scenarios containing the most extreme possible situations regarding feed water total dissolved solids (TDS) and temperature. Next, considering negligible desalination electricity tariffs in Iran, the photovoltaic system was designed using PVSOL software with two targets: CO2 reduction and peak shaving in daytime peak hours during spring and summer. During these seasons' 184-day period, the PV system managed to meet the energy demand for 154 days, exporting 2332.86 kWh to the grid and importing only 136.8 kWh from the grid on days when energy fell short. It was found that in the feed water TDS of 3035 mg/L, every 10 degree elevation in the feed water temperature results in an 83.33 Wh/m3 reduction in the SEC and a 70.49 mg/L rise in the permeate water TDS. Analyzing the scenarios demonstrated that the influence of increasing TDS had a more significant effect on SEC compared to the reduction in temperature. In addition, the PV system was shown to successfully achieve the task of peak-shaving for the investigated period while preventing 15467 kg of CO2 emissions per year. Thus, the designed system provided a practical way of solving the drinkable water issue in Buzi-ye Seyf and areas with similar conditions.

Design and optimization of MED-TVC desalination plant using mathematical modeling coupled with response surface methodology

BackgroundThe ever-increasing demand for a better living condition and clean water resources leads has spawned a tremendous research effort for new and optimized water desalination technologies. MethodsTo this end, an innovative Multi Effect Desalination-Thermal Vapor Compression (MED-TVC) water desalination plant is designed using mathematical modeling for installation in the Persian Gulf. The developed models for the new MED-TVC plant include governing mass, energy and thermodynamic equations are validated against the dataset obtained from the installed MED-TVC plant, then are used to reach the general aim of research or optimize the operation of the MED-TVC plant. Mentioned governing equations were solved to find (GOR), surface area (Ad), and heat transfer rate (Q) for different desalination plants. Then, response surface methodology (RSM) was used for finding optimum operational parameter to reach the optimum targets. The dataset required for the analysis and optimization of MED-TVC based on design parameters and input factors are generated with in-house code considering flashing box and losses due to pressure losses. Considering thermodynamic losses and governing equation of flashing boxes followed by optimizing design parameters such as gain output ratio (GOR), surafe area (Ad), and heat transfer rate (Q) were conducted for the first time in this research. Significant findingThe findings demonstrate maximum relative error percent for design parameters of both industrial desalination plant corresponds to the specific heat transfer area (Ad) of GHESHM (-1.6 %) and specific heat consumption (Q) of RABIGH (-4.44 %). Moreover, gain output ratio (GOR), Ad and Q related to optimized MED-TVC unit are 9.86, 58.96, and 213.66, respectively which are more suitable than that of industrial GHESHM and RABIGH desalination unit. Also, sensitivity analysis of results illustrates that increasing motive steam pressure causes the GOR reduction; however, increasing feed water temperature and motive steam flow rate leads to increasing GOR.

Extraction turbines and feed-heating in geothermal binary plants: A thermodynamic performance assessment

The use of extraction turbines in conjunction with multiple feedwater heaters is standard practice in conventional fossil or nuclear steam electrical generating stations as a way to conserve fuel by raising the final feedwater temperature entering the boiler. One way to improve the thermal efficiency of geothermal binary plants is to include a heat recuperator that uses the expanded, but still hot working fluid leaving the turbine to preheat the working fluid leaving the feed pump prior to reaching the main brine heat exchangers. However, the use of partially-expanded working fluid from an extraction turbine to further preheat the working fluid has not been widely deployed in geothermal binary plants. This paper will describe this technique in a feed-heating cycle, develop the working equations to assess the performance for a variety of geofluid temperatures, to determine whether or not this approach can be as effective in geothermal binary plants as it is in conventional nuclear power plants. Finally, we will discuss the practical aspects of this system in geothermal binary plants, and suggest some further studies to extend this concept to other geothermal applications.

A feedheat-integrated energy storage system for nuclear-powered steam plant

The paper provides thermodynamic analysis of an energy storage concept in which thermal stores are coupled with the feedwater heating train of nuclear-powered steam plant. This allows the electrical output of the plant to be flexed whilst maintaining constant reactor power, thereby providing the equivalent of an electricity storage system and facilitating the adoption of a load-following role for nuclear plant. The concept falls under the umbrella of ‘generation-integrated energy storage’, which exploits existing hardware required for generation to reduce storage costs, and benefits also from fewer energy transformations when compared to ‘electricity-in-electricity-out’ forms of storage. This means that a high (effective) round-trip efficiency can be achieved at low cost. An important feature of the proposed system is that the turbine bleed flows (at their various pressures and temperatures) automatically provide good thermal matching with the feedwater temperature profile, so that heat can ultimately be transferred to and from sensible-heat thermal-storage media with high exergetic efficiency. Various options are discussed for the thermal stores, including pressurised water tanks, thermal oils and packed beds. The analysis also includes consideration of the off-design behaviour of cycle components.

Experimental study on thermal performance of finned tube water flow window

Water flow window is an advanced energy-saving building façade, and the design of the heat exchanger affects the thermal performance directly. A novel finned tube water flow window (FTWFW) applying a finned tube heat exchanger is proposed. Its thermal performance, with regard to energy savings and the thermal environment created under various operating conditions, is studied experimentally. The reduction in indoor heat gain reached 88.1% compared with insulated glazing unit, and the average daily water heat gain efficiency was 65.2% during the summer testing. The inner glazing surface temperature of FTWFW was more stable and closer to the comfort room temperature, especially under non-air-conditioning condition in winter, resulting in enhanced thermal comfort. Moreover, increasing the flow rate or decreasing the temperature of feed water can improve the thermal performance of FTWFW in summer. In winter, compared to increasing the feed water flow rate, raising the feed water temperature was more effective in increasing the room temperature. The advantages of FTWFW in cooling/heating energy saving, thermal collection, and thermal comfort enhancement were well demonstrated. Its large-scale application is expected to make contributions in green and low-carbon building development. The findings of this study can helpful in decision making of real projects.

The potential of sweeping gas membrane distillation integrated with multistage bubble column dehumidifier in recovering potable water from wastewater contaminated with industrial metalworking fluids

Wastewater treatment is essential as freshwater becomes scarce due to increasing industrialization. However, the current centralized wastewater treatment technologies are suitable for large-scale applications. There is a pressing need to develop small-scale decentralized wastewater treatment techniques. Towards this goal, a new sweeping gas membrane distillation system (SGMD) integrated with a multistage bubble column dehumidifier (BCD) was designed, built and tested to treat metalworking fluid (MWF)-contaminated wastewater. The performance of the SGMD-BCD system was first optimized using deionized water experiments. The results showed that feed water temperature significantly affected permeate flux, while air and feed water mass flow rates of 10kg/hr and 90kg/hr were identified as optimum since permeate flux and gain output ratio were insignificant above these flow rates. The simulation results of the developed system-scale mathematical model revealed that multi-staging is a more preferable option for improving effectiveness compared to increasing the condensing area in a single-stage BCD. Additionally, in long-term experiments, about 35.5% and 47.7% drops in permeate flux were observed when the MWF concentration in wastewater increased from 5 to 25 wt% at feed water temperatures of 70°C and 80°C, respectively.

Improving the operation of small reverse osmosis plant using Pelton turbine and supplying emergency electric loads

ABSTRACT This study focuses on improving the operation of reverse osmosis (RO) with Pelton turbine in different circumstances. In the integrated RO system, the Pelton Turbine is used instead of a PX due to its significantly lower cost. The RO system is studied at different pressures ranging from 6.5 to 8.5 bar. Additionally, the influence of feed water TDS and temperature on the RO permeate and retentate was also studied. The experimental results showed that increasing the RO pressure led to an increase in the permeate flow rate. The permeate was heightened by approximately 72% once the pressure was increased from 6.5 to 8.5 bar. However, it was observed that increasing the pressure by 30% resulted in a significant decline in turbine power, which decreased by approximately 71.8%. Furthermore, the study found that raising the salinity led to an increase in RO permeate TDS, while increasing the feed water temperature resulted in a decline in productivity TDS. To control the high-pressure pump and supply emergency loads, an Arduino program circuit was used, providing a convenient and flexible way to manage the system. The theoretical modeling developed in the study was found to be in better agreement with the real findings, with a deviance of 3.51%. This indicates the accuracy and reliability of the model in predicting the operation of the integrated RO unit. Finally, the cost of the produced water was 0.26 $/m3.