Feather Color Research Articles

Changes in parrot diversity after human arrival to the Caribbean

Humans did not arrive on most of the world's islands until relatively recently, making islands favorable places for disentangling the timing and magnitude of natural and anthropogenic impacts on species diversity and distributions. Here, we focus on Amazona parrots in the Caribbean, which have close relationships with humans (e.g., as pets as well as sources of meat and colorful feathers). Caribbean parrots also have substantial fossil and archaeological records that span the Holocene. We leverage this exemplary record to showcase how combining ancient and modern DNA, along with radiometric dating, can shed light on diversification and extinction dynamics and answer long-standing questions about the magnitude of human impacts in the region. Our results reveal a striking loss of parrot diversity, much of which took place during human occupation of the islands. The most widespread species, the Cuban Parrot, exhibits interisland divergences throughout the Pleistocene. Within this radiation, we identified an extinct, genetically distinct lineage that survived on the Turks and Caicos until Indigenous human settlement of the islands. We also found that the narrowly distributed Hispaniolan Parrot had a natural range that once included The Bahamas; it thus became "endemic" to Hispaniola during the late Holocene. The Hispaniolan Parrot also likely was introduced by Indigenous people to Grand Turk and Montserrat, two islands where it is now also extirpated. Our research demonstrates that genetic information spanning paleontological, archaeological, and modern contexts is essential to understand the role of humans in altering the diversity and distribution of biota.

Genome-wide association analysis of neck ring traits in NongHua ma male ducks

ABSTRACT 1. Male NongHua ma ducks have more colourful feathers than females, especially considering that the former have a distinctive neck ring that is different from that of females. This ring development might be influenced by sex selection, the environment, genetics and other elements. 2. Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was used to locate candidate genes that affect the neck ring formation of male ducks to investigate the genetic basis of this phenomenon. 3. In this study, the neck ring area and width of 180 male ducks were assessed at ages 80, 90, 100, 110 and 120 d. GWAS was used to identify associated genes. There were 0, 7, 14, 48 and 21 possible candidate genes annotated around the 0, 12, 25, 76 and 40 SNP loci n corresponding regions. A total of 13 candidate genes were identified around 21 SNP sites at the neck ring width of 120 d. 4. These significant genes were annotated and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed. All SNPs that exceeded the significance threshold were annotated and preliminarily screened as candidate genes affecting neck ring formation. From analysis of gene function and enriched KEGG pathways, genes such as THSD1, SLC6A4, DGAT2, PRKDC, B3GAT2, ROR1, GRK7, EXTL3, TXNDC12, COL4A2, PRKG1, ACTR3, were considered important candidate marker sites related to the neck ring. This provided a reference starting point for the genetic mechanism underlying duck feather colour.

Local knowledge on bird species and socio-economic cultural and ecology functions of birds and their various disturbances in the rural ecosystem of the Cisokan watershed, West Java

Actually in the past, rural people of West Java had in-depth local knowledge on various species of birds. Nowadays, the local people's knowledge on the bird species is being eroded due to the erosion of the local language and the bird population decreasing in the village ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the knowledge of bird species, and the socio-economic, cultural, and ecological functions, and various disturbances to bird populations. The research was conducted in Bojongsalam and Sukaresmi Village, Rongga Sib-District, West Bandung, Cisokan Watershed, West Java. The method used in this study was a qualitative method, some techniques, including observation, participatory observation, and deep interview with informants were employed in this study to collect the primary data. The results showed that based on the local knowledge of the rural people, 74 species of birds were documented. The birds are classified by rural people based on body size, body feather color, type of habitat, and bird behavior. Bird species have an important role for socio-economic, cultural and ecological functions. Disturbance to bird populations, among others, due to the construction of the Cisokan hydropower project.

Research Note: Injection of adenoviral CRISPR/Cas9 system targeting melanophilin gene into different sites of embryos induced regional feather color changes in posthatch quail

Poultry species is an important animal model in both avian research and the poultry industry. To advance our understanding of genetic factors and benefit both fields, a gene of interest can be genetically edited, and consequential phenotypic changes can be investigated. Injection of adenovirus containing the CRISPR/Cas9 system into avian blastoderm induced genome editing in blastodermal cells randomly, including primordial germ cells, which results in generation of whole-body knockout in the offspring of the virus-injected quail. However, to observe phenotypic and functional changes in whole-body, homozygous knockout of genes using this genome editing technology requires at least 2 generations of breeding of chimeric, and heterozygotes birds. In the current study, we developed a strategy to investigate the gene function in 1-generation by inducing regional genome editing around the injection sites with CRISPR/Cas9 adenovirus. The adenoviral CRISPR/Cas9 vector targeting the melanophilin (Mlph) gene, regulating feather pigmentation, was injected into 2 different regions of embryos, the cervical flexure of quail embryos at HH stage 13 to 15 and the tip of the upper limb bud of embryos at HH stage 22 to 24, to induce genome editing in those regions. Indel mutations in the target loci of the Mlph gene were detected by extracting genomic DNA from the embryonic tissues, and consequential phenotypes, feather color changes, were analyzed at 1 mo after hatch. Injection of the adenovirus into the cervical flexure and the tip of the upper limb bud of embryos resulted in 8 to 21% efficiency of indel mutation in the embryonic cells of the injected regions. In the posthatch quail, gray feathers were shown on their upper back and primary wing feathers, corresponding to the injection sites at embryos. Successful validation of this strategy for inducing genome editing in parts of tissues within 1-generation will accelerate studies on genetic functions with advantages of less time and cost, facilitating avian research and providing foundations for future application for the poultry industry.

Effects of SLC45A2 and GPNMB on Melanin Deposition Based on Transcriptome Sequencing in Chicken Feather Follicles.

As an essential genetic and economic trait, chicken feather color has long been an important research topic. To further understand the mechanism of melanin deposition associated with coloration in chicken feathers, we selected feather follicle tissues from the neck and wings of chickens with differently colored feathers (yellow, sub-Columbian, and silver) for transcriptome analysis. We focused on genes that were expressed in both the wings and neck and were expressed with the same trends in breeds with two different plumage colors, specifically, SLC45A2, GPNMB, MLPH, TYR, KIT, WNT11, and FZD1. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed the DEGs were enriched in melanin-related pathways, such as tyrosine metabolic pathway and melanogenesis, and PPI analysis highlighted the genes SLC45A2 and GPNMB as associated with melanin deposition. Verification experiments in chicken melanocytes demonstrated that these two genes promote melanocyte melanin deposition. These data enrich our knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate chicken feather color.

Association with Different Housing and Welfare Parameters on Results of a Novel Object Test in Laying Hen Flocks on Farm.

The objective of this on-farm study was to determine if flocks showing feather damage and/or cannibalism would have a higher fear response to the novel object (NOT) and the association between different housing and welfare parameters on results of the NOT. Therefore, 16 flocks were observed during the laying period in Germany. In total, there were six barns, seven free-range, and three organic flocks. The plumage and integument condition of 50 birds of each flock were evaluated at 4 different times during the laying period (V1: 18th to 23rd week of life, V2: 26th to 35th week of life, V3: 49th to 57th week of life, V4: 61st to 73rd week of life). At the same observation times, the NOT was performed in the flocks (at four different locations per visit time). Based on the average number of hens gathered around the novel object (NO) within the period of two minutes, conclusions can be made about the fearfulness of the flock. The present study shows that the more fearful a flock was, the more frequent feather damage (p < 0.001) and cannibalism (p < 0.01) occurred. Age and flock size were associated with fearfulness. Fearfulness of hens increased with the increasing age of hens (p < 0.001) and with an increasing flock size (p < 0.001). Hens of white feather color appeared to be more fearful than brown hens (p < 0.001). Hens kept on barn farms showed significantly lower numbers of hens around the novel object (p < 0.001) than on free-range farms, which possibly indicates that having permanent access to outdoor space generally appears to be associated with the fearfulness of a flock.

IDENTIFICATION OF QUALITATIVE AND MORFOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF 4 MONTHS OLD KERINCI DUCKS

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The purpose of this study was to determine the qualitative and morphometric characteristics of male and female Kerinci ducks aged 4 months. The research material was 72 Kerinci ducks consisting of 36 males and 36 females. The method used is the experimental method. Data on the quantitative characteristics of body sizes were analyzed using the mean difference test (t-test). Main Component Analysis (MCA) was used to identify body size and body shape in male Kerinci ducks and female Kerinci ducks. Data processing used statistical software Minitab version 18. The results showed that there were differences in the qualitative characteristics of male and female Kerinci ducks, namely the color of the head, neck, chest and tail feathers. The body sizes of male Kerinci ducks were significantly different (P&lt;0.05) higher than that of female Kerinci ducks. In conclusion, the qualitative characteristics of male and female Kerinci ducks can be distinguished on the color of neck feathers, chest feathers, tail and head feathers. In male Kerinci ducks, it was found that there was a difference with the minister’s decision, namely the color of the neck feathers. The male Kerinci duck has a higher body size than the female Kerinci duck. Body size markers in male and female Kerinci ducks were chest circumference and body shape markers, namely tibia length in males and femur length in females.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Whole genome sequencing identifies candidate genes and mutations that can explain diluted and other colour varieties of domestic canaries (Serinus canaria).

The domestic canary (Serinus canaria) is one of the most common pet birds and has been extensively selected and bred over the last few centuries to constitute many different varieties. Plumage pigmentation is one of the main phenotypic traits that distinguish canary breeds and lines. Feather colours in these birds, similarly to other avian species, are mainly depended on the presence of two major types of pigments: carotenoids and melanins. In this study, we exploited whole genome sequencing (WGS) datasets produced from five canary lines or populations (Black Frosted Yellow, Opal, Onyx, Opal × Onyx and Mogno, some of which carrying different putative dilute alleles), complemented with other WGS datasets retrieved from previous studies, to identify candidate genes that might explain pigmentation variability across canary breeds and varieties. Sequencing data were obtained using a DNA pool-seq approach and genomic data were compared using window-based FST analyses. We identified signatures of selection in genomic regions harbouring genes involved in carotenoid-derived pigmentation variants (CYP2J19, EDC, BCO2 and SCARB1), confirming the results reported by previous works, and identified several other signatures of selection in the correspondence of melanogenesis-related genes (AGRP, ASIP, DCT, EDNRB, KITLG, MITF, MLPH, SLC45A2, TYRP1 and ZEB2). Two putative causative mutations were identified in the MLPH gene that may explain the Opal and Onyx dilute mutant alleles. Other signatures of selection were also identified that might explain additional phenotypic differences between the investigated canary populations.

Integration of GWAS and eGWAS to screen candidate genes underlying green head traits in male ducks.

Sexually dimorphic plumage coloration is widespread in birds. The male possesses more brightly colored feathers than the female. Dark green head feathers comprise one of the most typical appearance characteristics of the male Ma duck compared with the female. However, there are noticeable individual differences observed in these characteristics. Herein, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were employed to investigate the genetic basis of individual differences in male duck green head-related traits. Our results showed that 165 significant SNPs were associated with green head traits. Meanwhile, 71 candidate genes were detected near the significant SNPs, including four genes (CACNA1I, WDR59, GNAO1 and CACNA2D4) related to the individual differences in the green head traits of male ducks. Additionally, the eGWAS identified three SNPs located within two candidate genes (LOC101800026 and SYNPO2) associated with TYRP1 gene expression, and might be important regulators affecting the expression level of TYRP1 in the head skin of male ducks. Our data also suggested that transcription factor MXI1 might regulate the expression of TYRP1, thereby causing differences in the green head traits among male ducks. This study provided primary data for further analysis of the genetic regulation of duck feather color.

A genome-wide scan to identify signatures of selection in Lueyang black -bone chicken

Lueyang black-bone chicken is a domestic breed in China. The genetic mechanism of the formation of important economic traits of this breed has not been studied systematically. Therefore, in this study, whole genome resequencing was used to systematically analyze and evaluate the genetic diversity of the black-feather and white-feather populations, and to screen and identify key genes related to phenotypes. The results of principal component analysis and population structure analysis showed that Lueyang black-feathered chickens and white-feathered chickens could be divided into 2 subgroups, and the genetic diversity of black-feathered chicken was richer than that of white-feathered chickens. Linkage disequilibrium analysis also showed that the selection intensity of black-feathered chickens was lower than for white-feathered chickens, which was mainly due to the small population size of white-feathered chickens and a certain degree of inbreeding. Fixation index (FST) analysis revealed that the candidate genes related to feather color traits were G-gamma, FA, FERM, Kelch, TGFb, Arf, FERM, and melanin synthesis-related gene tyrosinase (TYR). Based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, Jak-STAT, mTOR, and TGF-β signaling pathways were mainly related to melanogenesis and plume color. The findings of this study supported important information for the evaluation and protection of chicken genetic resources and help to analyze the unique genetic phenotypes such as melanin deposition and feather color of Lueyang black-bone chicken. Additionally, it could provide basic research data for the improvement and breeding of Lueyang black-bone chicken with characteristic traits.

Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals the Genetic Basis of Duck Plumage Colors.

Plumage color is an artificially and naturally selected trait in domestic ducks. Black, white, and spotty are the main feather colors in domestic ducks. Previous studies have shown that black plumage color is caused by MC1R, and white plumage color is caused by MITF. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify candidate genes associated with white, black, and spotty plumage in ducks. Two non-synonymous SNPs in MC1R (c.52G>A and c.376G>A) were significantly related to duck black plumage, and three SNPs in MITF (chr13:15411658A>G, chr13:15412570T>C and chr13:15412592C>G) were associated with white plumage. Additionally, we also identified the epistatic interactions between causing loci. Some ducks with white plumage carry the c.52G>A and c.376G>A in MC1R, which also compensated for black and spotty plumage color phenotypes, suggesting that MC1R and MITF have an epistatic effect. The MITF locus was supposed to be an upstream gene to MC1R underlying the white, black, and spotty colors. Although the specific mechanism remains to be further clarified, these findings support the importance of epistasis in plumage color variation in ducks.

Effect of plumage colour and housing systems on qualitative characteristics of two breeds of brown and black quail

&#x0D; This study was conducted in the poultry farm of the Department of Animal Production-College of Agriculture, Tikrit University from 21/10 to 23/12/2021. The aimed to study the effect of plumage colour and housing systems on the egg specific characteristics of Japanese quail. A total of 180 quail at age 21 days were divided into two groups according to feather color, each group divided into two treatments, each treatment was divided into three replicates (15 birds per replicate), and the sex ratio was (2:1). The results of the study showed that there were no significant differences between the study in the weight of egg , weight of the shell , egg shape index , Albumin index, yolk index , and the superiority of black quail in the thickness of the shell and Hue unit, the superiority of the quail raised in cages. &#x0D;

Morphology and morphometric diversity of three local goats in Gorontalo, Indonesia

Abstract. Ilham F, Ciptadi G, Susilorini TE, Putra WPB, Suyadi S. 2023. Morphology and morphometric diversity of three local goats in Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1366-1375. This research aimedto identify morphology and morphometric, as well as body indices and measurements markers, for use inlocal goats selection program in Gorontalo, Indonesia. The samples consisted of 37 Etawah Crossbreed, 96 Local Gorontalo, and 40 Kacang goats raised by traditional semi-intensive breeders. The morphological variables observed included feather color, color combination pattern, nose, ear shape, horn, beard, tail direction, and morphometric variables observed were withers height, hip height, hip width, body length, chest width, chest depth, chest girth, ear length, and ear width. The qualitative morphology was analyzed with descriptive method with Chi-squared test. While, the morphometrics of goat was used for calculating the body indices and principal component analysis.The results of the chi-square analysis showed significant differences in qualitative morphology among the three observed breeds (p&lt;0.05), except for the presence of horns, beards, and the direction of the tail. The body measurements of Local Gorontalo goats were significantly different from those of Kacang goats except for chest depth. The only difference between the Etawah Crossbreed and the other two breeds included body weight,wither height, hip height, body length, ear length,and ear width (p&lt;0.05). The three local goats had a long body length and legs, with a waist higher than the shoulders. Meanwhile,the medigline classification was only for Local Gorontalo and Kacang goats that had good thoracic development. The conformation index of the three local goat breeds had a significant correlation with body weight. The variables with the best contribution from the first component that can be considered sequentially in the selection program for Etawah Crossbreed goats, Local Gorontalo, and Kacang goats were body length, chest girth, and wither high. For the second component, the variables included ear length and chest width, while that of the third component in Kacang goats wasear length.

Effect of nanostructural irregularities on structural color in the tail feathers of the Oriental magpie Pica serica.

The tail feathers of magpies are iridescent, with hues ranging from navy to violet and green. It has been previously shown that the hexagonal arrangement of melanosomes in the distal barbules is responsible for these colors, but previous simulation models have relied on average values for the parameters associated with this arrangement (e.g., periodicity), and it remains to be studied whether the actual (rather than averaged) structural arrangement and its inherent irregularities reliably predict structural color. Previous studies using unmodified images for the analysis have not focused on the effect of such irregularities on the color production. In this study, we conducted finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations using actual transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images obtained from the distal barbules of a magpie tail feather, compared the reflectance spectra predicted using the FDTD simulation with those measured with a spectrometer, and found a substantial discrepancy between the two. Fourier analysis suggests that the non-uniform arrangement of the melanosomes within the barbule is responsible for this discrepancy by creating variation in the periodicity. Our results suggest that a simple model in which the parameters for internal structures are averaged cannot fully explain the variation in the structural colors observed in biological samples such as the feathers of birds.

Genetic structure of the Japanese Robin (Larvivora akahige) endemic to East Asian islands

Geographical isolation is a key factor in allopatric speciation although divergence with gene flow has been detected in an increasing number of studies, even in island systems. To understand the divergence in island taxa, it is necessary to examine historical gene flow with mainland sister groups, which largely differ due to the various geological and ecological characteristics of each region. The Izu Islands are a chain of young and active volcanic islands in a warm‐temperate climate zone that branch off from the middle of the Japanese mainland. Despite the chain's relatively limited isolation, given its proximity to the mainland, the Izu Islands feature endemic bird species and subspecies. The Japanese Robin Larvivora akahige is an endemic breeder on East Asian islands, and there is also a subspecies on the Izu Islands that is different in feather coloration and ecological traits. The population genetic structure of this robin was investigated using nine nuclear microsatellite markers and mitochondrial cytochrome b region sequences. Distinct and recent differentiation between the groups from the Izu Islands and mainland was detected from nuclear loci, although the genetic structure within the mainland group was unclear over the 1900‐km habitat chain. The mitochondrial haplotypes were divided into two distant clades, one dominated throughout the robin's range and the other coexisting only on the Izu Islands as a minor type. Those clades were inferred to have diverged independent of the recent differentiation of the two nuclear clusters, although their origins and the mechanism underlying their distribution remain unclear. The geographical characteristics of the Izu Islands may have formed a moderate but long‐lasting barrier for gene flow and promoted speciation, as well as serving as refugia for the preservation of relict lineages, particularly for migratory species, which usually move along the mainland chain.

Genome-wide association study for the primary feather color trait in a native Chinese duck.

Background: To reveal candidate genes and the molecular genetic mechanism underlying primary feather color trait in ducks, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the primary feather color trait was performed based on the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology for a native Chinese female duck, Longyan Shan-ma ducks. Methods: Blood genomic DNA from 314 female Longyan Shan-ma duck were genotyped using GBS technology. A GWAS for the primary feather color trait with genome variations was performed using an univariate linear mixed model based on all SNPs in autosomes. Results: Seven genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, Bonferroni-adjusted p-value <8.03 × 10-7) within the introns of the genes STARD9, ZNF106, SLC7A5, and BANP genes were associated with the primary feather color trait. Twenty-two genome-wide suggestive SNPs (Bonferroni-adjusted p-value <1.61 × 10-5) of 17 genes (besides ZNF106 and SLC7A5) were also identified. Seven SNPs were located at one 0.22Mb region (38.65-38.87Mb) on chromosome 5, and six SNPs were located at one 0.31Mb region (19.53-19.84Mb) on chromosome 11. The functions of STARD9, SLC7A5, BANP, LOC101798015, and IPMK were involved pigmentation and follicle development, especially, STARD9 upregulated expression in black feather (haplotype-CCCC) bulb tissue compared with in pockmarked feather (haplotype-TGTT) bulb tissue, implicating these genes as candidate genes for primary feather color trait. Conclusion: The preliminarily findings suggested candidate genes and regions, and the genetic basis of primary feather color trait in a female duck.

A genome-wide association study for eumelanin pigmentation in chicken plumage using a computer vision approach.

Chicken plumage colouration is an important trait related to productivity in poultry industry. Therefore, the genetic basis for pigmentation in chicken plumage is an area of great interest. However, the colour trait is generally regarded as a qualitative trait and representing colour variations is difficult. In this study, we developed a method to quantify and classify colour using an F2 population crossed from two pure lines: White Leghorn and the Korean indigenous breed Yeonsan Ogye. Using red, green, and blue values in the cropped body region, we identified significant genomic regions on chromosomes 33:3 160 480-7 447 197 and Z:78 748 287-79 173 793. Furthermore, we identified two potential candidate genes (PMEL and MTAP) that might have significant effects on melanin-based plumage pigmentation. Our study presents a new phenotyping method using a computer vision approach and provides new insights into the genetic basis of melanin-based feather colouration in chickens.

Annual molt period and seasonal color variation in the Eared Dove´s crown.

Molting is an important process in which old and worn feathers are exchanged for new ones. Plumage color is determined by pigments such as carotenes, melanin and by the ultrastructure of the feather. The importance of plumage coloration has been widely studied in different groups of birds, generally at a particular time of the year. However, plumage coloration is not static and few studies have addressed the change in plumage color over time and its relationship to reproductive tasks. The Eared Dove (Zenaida auriculata, Des Murs, 1847) has a melanistic coloration with sexual dichromatism in different body regions. The Eared Dove´s crown is the most exposed body region during the bowing display. Our objective was therefore to accurately determine the molting period of the crown feathers and study the seasonal variation in their coloration in females and males. Our findings indicate a molting period of 6 months (January to June). The new feathers are undergoing changes in their coloration from July to December. During that period we apply an avian vision model then enabled us to reveal a seasonal variation in the coloration of the crown feathers in both sexes, as given by a change in the chromatic distances. The highest values in the chromatic distances towards the reproductive period are given by a change in the UV-violet component of the spectrum, indicating changes in the microstructure of the feather. This change in crown coloration towards the breeding season could be linked to reproductive behaviors.

Genome-Wide Genetic Structure of Henan Indigenous Chicken Breeds.

There are five indigenous chicken breeds in Henan Province, China. These breeds have their own unique phenotypic characteristics in terms of morphology, behavior, skin and feather color, and productive performance, but their genetic basis is not well understood. Therefore, we analyzed the genetic structure, genomic diversity, and migration history of Henan indigenous chicken populations and the selection signals and genes responsible for Henan gamecock unique phenotypes using whole genome resequencing. The results indicate that Henan native chickens clustered most closely with the chicken populations in neighboring provinces. Compared to other breeds, Henan gamecock's inbreeding and selection intensity were more stringent. TreeMix analysis revealed the gene flow from southern chicken breeds into the Zhengyang sanhuang chicken and from the Xichuan black-bone chicken into the Gushi chicken. Selective sweep analysis identified several genes and biological processes/pathways that were related to body size, head control, muscle development, reproduction, and aggression control. Additionally, we confirmed the association between genotypes of SNPs in the strong selective gene LCORL and body size and muscle development in the Gushi-Anka F2 resource population. These findings made it easier to understand the traits of the germplasm and the potential for using the Henan indigenous chicken.

Effect of Carbohydrate Type and Phenotype on the Quality of Post-Thawing Frozen Semen of KUB Chicken

The superior Balitbangtan Kampung Chicken (KUB) chickens have different phenotypes. It was reported that the chicken phenotype was related to semen quality. This study aimed to determine the post-thawing characteristics and quality of KUB chicken semen with different phenotypes frozen in Ringer's lactate egg yolk (RLEY) diluent with the addition of fructose or glucose. Semen was collected using the massaging method from 20 KUB chickens with a single comb phenotype and black or dark brown feather color with a red feather neck (SCNR), green-black single comb with white feather neck collar (SCNW), pea comb and black feathers or dark brown fur with a red neck (PCNR), and a green-black pea comb with a white neck (PCNW). Semen from each chicken phenotype was divided into three parts or frozen in three types of diluents: RLEY, RLEY+fructose (RLEYF), and RLEY+glucose (RLEYG). The highest sperm motility was found in the diluent with the addition of glucose in the SCNR and PCNW phenotypes (P0.05). The highest sperm viability was shown in the RLEYG diluent in the PCNW phenotype (P0.05). The highest abnormality was found in the RLEY and RLEYF diluents in the SCNW, PCNR, and PCNW groups, whereas in the RLEYG group, it was only found in the PCNR group. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the type of glucose and chicken phenotype influences the quality of post-thawing semen. The best is found in diluents with glucose attachments in the SCNR phenotype.