Physicochemical and flavor profile characterization of sesame oils from different processing methods: Implications for quality control and market regulation.

Assessment of health risks and effects of water abiotic factors and heavy metal bioaccumulation on fatty acids composition and stress biomarkers in Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) from Kerkennah Islands and Ghannoush coast located in eastern and northern Tunisia.

Formation of advanced glycation end-products in powdered infant formula: A systematic investigation of macronutrient composition, interactions, and processing methods.

Bioactive compounds and fatty acid composition in raw and cooked beef with two different ageing periods.

Comparative evaluation of low- and high-field 1H NMR for vegetable oil authentication: classification, quantification, and routine applicability.

Finfish aquaculture production in marine habitats can alter benthic communities through the sedimentation of fish feces and excess feed. The direct impacts of aquaculture wastes on habitat-forming species such as cold-water corals, and other benthic megafauna, are not well understood. Here, the soft coral Gersemia rubiformis and the sea anemone Aulactinia stella were exposed twice daily to low (5g C m-2 d-1) or high (10g C m-2 d-1) concentrations of salmon feed/feces, inorganic sediment (0g C m-2 d-1), or no sedimentation over 28 days. Behaviour was recorded using timelapse videos and direct observations, and biochemical analyses were conducted post-trial. When exposed to wastes, G. rubiformis spent more time in an expanded state, which may assist with sediment and/or bacterial removal. Similarly, individuals of A. stella exposed to wastes spent more time with their tentacles extended and showed increased eversion of their pharynx, potentially as feeding mechanisms. Though no change in lipid composition was detected because of aquaculture waste exposure in either species after 28 days, a shift in the overall fatty acid composition was identified for G. rubiformis. As well, tracer fatty acids associated with salmon waste (18:2ω6 and 18:1ω9) were elevated in the biochemical profiles of both species following the low and high-waste treatments, suggesting selective assimilation of salmon feed. This study showed behavioural and biochemical effects in both G. rubiformis and A. stella over a short period of exposure to aquaculture wastes, raising important questions regarding the effects of long-term exposure to wastes.

This study evaluated the extraction of carotenoids from tomato pomace using hydrophobic eutectic solvents (HDES) as a green alternative to conventional solvents. An initial screening of forty-nine HDES composed of fatty acids and alcohols was performed using the COSMO-RS model. The most promising HDES, composed of octanoic acid and decanoic acid (1.8,1), was selected for investigation of process parameters. Then, a Central Composite Rotational Design was employed to investigate the effects of temperature (21-49°C) and biomass-to-solvent ratio (1,3-1,17) on the extraction efficiency. Temperature was the most significant factor affecting carotenoid recovery, with higher extraction yields (>140μg/g) achieved at higher temperatures. Compared to vegetable oils, HDES exhibited superior performance, attributed to their composition of free fatty acids, lower viscosity and lipophilic affinity. Lycopene, β-carotene, and lutein were identified in the extracts, with Z-lycopene reaching 27% of total lycopene, suggesting partial isomerization during extraction process.

Transportation is a major stressor in livestock production, adversely affecting animal welfare, physiological status, and meat quality. Oxidative stress and metabolic imbalances induced by transport conditions can lead to significant economic losses. The use of natural antioxidants has been proposed as a strategy to mitigate these negative effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects associated with intramuscularly administered quercetin (QUE) and grape seed extract (GSE) prior to transport during the winter season on body weight, serum biochemical responses, oxidative stress markers, and meat quality parameters, including carcass pH and fatty acid profile in sheep subjected to road transport. Twenty-four 12-month-old Akkaraman sheep were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 6): control, GSE50 (50 mg kg-1 grape seed extract), GSE100 (100 mg kg-1 grape seed extract), and QUE100 (100 mg kg-1 quercetin). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels differed among groups, with lower values observed in antioxidant-treated animals; however, baseline variability may have contributed to post-transport differences. Transport led to significant body weight loss in all groups (P < 0.001), with the least reduction observed in the QUE100 group (P = 0.105 among groups). In contrast, carcass pH values showed minimal variation among groups, with differences not exceeding 0.22 units (P = 0.155), and fatty acid composition of longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle (P > 0.05 for all fatty acids) did not differ significantly among groups. These findings suggest that natural bioactive compounds may be associated with improved physiological responses under transport-related stress conditions. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Sodium pentaborate pentahydrate ameliorates inflammaging-like phenotypes by modulating redox status in a D-galactose-induced accelerated aging rat model.

Fatty acid composition of isoenergetic meals drives distinct postprandial immunometabolic responses in healthy adults: A randomized crossover pilot study.

Optimizing the use of dietary emulsifiers and prebiotics in relation to fat source may enhance nutrient-utilization efficiency in broiler production. This 42-d study evaluated the effects of an emulsifier (lysophospholipid; LPL) and inulin supplementation in diets with two fat sources on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, muscle fatty acid composition, digestive enzyme activity, and intestinal histomorphology. Eight hundred 1-d-old male broiler chickens were assigned to eight treatments in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with two fat sources (soybean oil or beef tallow), two LPL levels (0 or 1 g/kg), and two inulin levels (0 or 1 g/kg). Interactive effects were detected for fat source × inulin on average daily gain (ADG), mortality, and the European Production Index (EPI), with inulin addition to soybean-oil-based diets yielding superior growth and survival rates (P < 0.05). The LPL × inulin interaction increased feed intake and improved gain-to-feed ratio (P < 0.05). The fat source × LPL interaction significantly influenced lipid-metabolism-related traits (P < 0.05); in tallow-based diets, LPL supplementation increased fat digestibility and AMEn, reduced breast fat deposition, and improved the fatty acid profile of thigh muscle by elevating n-3 PUFA and lowering the n-6/n-3 ratio, whereas no significant effects occurred in soybean-oil-based diets. When interaction terms were not significant, LPL increased protease and lipase activities and improved duodenal villus height and surface area, whereas inulin increased protease activity, improved protein digestibility, and enhanced jejunal villus architecture (P < 0.05). In conclusion, LPL is particularly beneficial in tallow-based diets by enhancing lipid digestibility, energy utilization, and the thigh-muscle fatty acid profile, while inulin improves growth performance, especially in soybean-oil-based diets-offering a practical strategy to optimize broiler production.

This study investigated the biochemical and quality changes in mechanical and hand-harvested olive fruit of the cultivars 'Istrska belica' and 'Leccino' during storage. It investigated changes in phenolic compounds and fatty acid composition, analysed using HPLC and GC methods, to understand how different harvesting methods, affect olive quality during storage. The results showed that harvesting methods had different effect on fruit quality, which became more pronounced during storage. Hand-harvested olives maintained better fruit integrity, delaying slower degradation, whereas mechanically harvested olives showed greater damage at harvest, leading to accelerated biochemical changes. At harvest, 'Istrska belica' olives responded immediately to mechanical damage by accumulating phenolic compounds such as tyrosol (increased by 43 % from 18.3 to 26.1 mg/kg FW), verbascoside (33 % from 792 to 1049 mg/kg FW), hydroxytyrosol (55 % from 27.1 to 42.0 mg/kg FW), compared to manually harvested fruits, together with an increase in certain fatty acid compositions (palmitic (67 % from 11.2 to 18.7 mg/100 g FW), palmitoleic (96 % from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/100 g FW), stearic (49 % from 4.2 to 6.3 mg/100 g FW), and linoleic acids (44 % from 6.5 to 9.3 mg/100 g FW), probably due to membrane damage. In contrast, 'Leccino' fruits showed minimal metabolic differences compared between harvesting methods. During storage, the phenolic content of mechanically harvested 'Leccino' olives initially increased due to stress-induced metabolic activity, but significantly decreased after 16 days, indicating fruit deterioration. Meanwhile, hand-harvested 'Leccino' olives maintained stable phenolic and fatty acid profiles. During storage, mechanical harvesting of ' Istrska belica ' caused the degradation of oleuropein (for 21.9 %) and other phenolic compounds, while oleuropein degradation products such as tyrosol, elenolic acid, demethyloleuropein increased, whereas hand-harvested fruit maintained stable content of six phenolic compounds and four fatty acids. • 'Leccino' and 'Istrska belica' responded differently to harvesting methods during storage. • Mechanical harvesting caused more fruit damage, resulting in faster metabolic changes. • 'Istrska belica' showed a stronger phenolic response to mechanical harvesting. • Mechanical harvesting of 'Leccino' olives led to faster degradation of oleuropein. • Hand-harvested olives showed slower degradation and longer preservation of quality.

Integrated HS-GC-IMS and E-nose analysis reveals aroma differentiation in representative Chinese high-quality rice varieties.

Molecular basis of fatty acid composition diversity in different avocado cultivars.

Control of properties and nutrient content of cultivated foie gras tissues via scaffold and media factors.

Abstract The effects of cold nitrogen Gliding Arc Discharge (GAD) plasma species on natural microbial contamination, physicochemical quality, and storage stability of apricot kernels were investigated. Plasma parameters, including gas flow rate (GF, 0.5–0.9 mL/min), electrode tip distance (ED, 0.6–1.0 cm), and treatment time (2–10 min) were optimized using a Box-Behnken design. Optimal conditions were determined for single-objective reduction of total mold-yeast count (0.9 mL/min GF, 0.6 cm ED, 4.18 min; plasma-I) and for multi-objective reduction of both total mold–yeast and total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB) counts (0.9 mL/min GF, 0.6 cm ED, 7.65 min; plasma-II). Plasma-II treatment achieved the highest microbial reductions of 22.1% for total mold–yeast and 7.7% for TMAB, indicating a modest decontamination effect. These microbial reductions persisted after 30 days of storage at 25 °C. Quality parameters, including moisture content, water activity, color, total phenolics, FRAP, ABTS, tocopherol isomers, free fatty acids, and fatty acid composition, were preserved after plasma-II treatment ( p &gt; 0.05). However, DPPH value decreased by 59.5% and 40.1% in plasma-I and II-treated samples, respectively, compared to the control ( p &lt; 0.05). After accelerated storage at 60 °C for 30 days, both plasma treatments led to a decrease in DPPH as well as FRAP and ABTS values of samples compared to control, but the highest decrease was determined for plasma-I ( p &lt; 0.05). This study showed that cold nitrogen GAD plasma treatment resulted in modest but measurable reductions in natural microbial contamination while maintaining storage stability of apricot kernels without compromising their physicochemical quality attributes.

Changes in plasma fatty acid composition in females with lipedema following low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets and associations with pain reduction.

The quantitative analysis of fatty acids (FAs) and their acyl group compositions in triacylglycerols (TAGs) has become one of the main areas of interest for understanding the metabolism and function of fats in the body. Although Raman spectroscopy and chemometric-based analytical methods have previously been applied for directly and nondestructively analyzing fats, fat samples are difficult to quantitatively analyze because an appropriate analytical model must be constructed based on a known calibration data set before applying the model to unknown samples. Therefore, we developed a technique to construct calibration models for fatty acyl groups using simulated TAG spectra generated from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) spectra. Because of the vast diversity of TAGs and high prices of commercial pure reagents, the preparation of accurate concentrations of TAGs for training models would be very difficult and costly. Classical and nonnegative least-squares regressions (CLSR and NNLSR, respectively), which do not require calibration modeling, were compared with analyses using partial least-squares regression (PLSR). A comparative analysis revealed that the combination of PLSR modeling with simulated calibration data sets produced the most accurate predictions. The PLSR models were evaluated using edible oils and, compared to the results obtained using gas chromatography, the models reasonably approximated the fatty acyl group compositions in the fat samples. Then, the models were applied to estimate fatty acyl group compositions in live, single adipocytes. Although the models' accuracies were limited, they nondestructively estimated the fatty acyl group compositions of LDs in live cells.

Super high-density (SHD) almond planting systems have emerged to improve sustainability through more efficient use of natural resources. These systems are enabled by self-fertile, late-blooming cultivars and rootstocks of contrasting vigor. To identify optimal scion-rootstock combinations in warm environments, an SHD trial was established with four self-compatible cultivars - 'Belona', 'Lauranne', 'Guara', and 'Tuono' - grafted on vigorous 'Garnem' and dwarfing 'Rootpac40' (R40) rootstocks. Nut yield and quality were assessed over 5 years and analyzed alongside previously reported eco-physiological and nutritional parameters. 'Rootpac40' induced the highest overall yield and yield efficiency, particularly with 'Lauranne' and 'Guara', whereas 'Garnem' provided the highest shelling percentage. 'Belona' performed the poorest on both rootstocks. The R40 rootstock consistently promoted beneficial characteristics across all pomological parameters, and 'Lauranne' exhibited the lowest values. 'Belona'-R40 and 'Belona'-'Garnem' produced the largest nuts and the heaviest fruit, whereas 'Lauranne'-'Garnem' resulted in the smallest nuts and kernels. 'Belona' recorded the highest oil and polyphenol content. 'Lauranne' exhibited strong biochemical traits and a suitable fatty acid composition. 'Garnem' increased oil content compared with R40, particularly for 'Belona' and 'Lauranne'. 'Lauranne'-'Garnem' showed the lowest biochemical values and fatty acid content. R40 was associated with the highest overall fatty acid content. 'Lauranne' and 'Guara' on R40 demonstrated good physiological adaptation, high yield, efficient productivity, suitable nut characteristics, and valuable biochemical properties, providing a promising strategy for SHD almond-planting systems in new and challenging warm environments. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

The aim of this study was to analyse the amino acid and fatty acid profiles of selected tissues of wild duck (Anas platyrhynchos L.) in relation to sex. The research material consisted of breast and thigh muscles obtained from 20 farm-reared wild ducks (10 males and 10 females). The results showed significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) concentrations of amino acids in the breast muscle of males compared with females, whereas no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) were observed in the thigh muscle between sexes. In terms of fatty acid composition, oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid were identified as the predominant fatty acids in both muscles and sexes. The breast muscle of males also contained significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) levels of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Sex had no significant effect on most of the analysed fatty acids. Based on the obtained amino acid and fatty acid profiles and their comparison with other poultry species, wild duck meat may be considered a nutritionally valuable source of high-quality protein and beneficial fatty acids for the human diet.