Levels Of Fatigue Research Articles

The Relationship Between Chronic Fatigue, Sleep quality, and Melatonin Levels in Sjogren's Syndrome

Background: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease and majority of pa-tients have fatigue and insomnia. Melatonin has many functions in addition to improving sleep quality and duration.The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between fatigue and insomnia, and the association of melatonin levels with fatigue and insomnia in patients with pSS. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional cohort study included 116 patients and 27 healthy con-trols. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and SF-36 questionnaires were ob-tained from patients. Melatonin was measured by ELISA from the patients' serum. Results: Patients with pSS exhibited greater fatigue compared to the control group, additionally, pa-tients with somnolence exhibited higher levels of fatigue compared to those without somnolence. The median melatonin level was 239 ng/L (189-460) in patients with fatigue and 266 ng/L (219-552) in patients without fatigue (p=0.11). Patients with and without daytime sleepiness had similar melatonin levels, too. The median melatonin level was 429 ng/L (268-774) in healthy controls compared to 254 ng/L (197-491) in patients with PSS (p=0.0098) The quality of life, as measured by the SF-36, was signif-icantly worse in patients with fatigue across all subgroups compared to those without fatigue. There was no correlation between melatonin levels and the subparameters of the SF-36. Conclusions: Fatigue had a negative impact on both quality of life and sleepiness. Those who experi-enced sleepiness had a poorer quality of life. Early morning serum melatonin levels were lower in PSS patients. There was no significant difference in mean serum melatonin levels between patients with and without fatigue. No correlation was found between serum melatonin levels and quality of life.

IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OVERTRAINING SYNDROME

Training intensification is a generally accepted approach to improving athletic performance. A balance between training and recovery is essential for athletes to continuous achieve high levels of performance. Without adequate muscle recovery and rest, an athlete may progress from optimal training to overtraining and eventually to overtraining syndrome (OTS). OTS negatively impacts an athlete’s physical health and performance. Overtraining is a poorly understood area of sports medicine. Monitoring athletes’ pre-competition preparation plays an important role in developing training programs. Various physiological and biochemical parameters are often used to monitor athletic performance. Changes in these parameters, reflecting muscular status, endurance, fatigue and inflammation levels, help coaches and athletes understand the physical condition of athletes and the effects of training. However, the sensitivity of individual biomarkers for detecting overtraining is limited, and reference ranges for different levels of training are not clearly defined. Systematic assessment of pre-competition preparation and diagnosis of OTS remains challenging because the factors, signs/symptoms and mechanisms of maladaptation are individual, sport-specific and poorly understood. Therefore, identifying biomarkers that could help in monitoring athletic preparation, prevention and diagnosis of OTS is an important research goal.

The influence of simultaneous laparoscopic interventions in abdominal and pelvic surgery on the development of fatigue of the operating team

Background. Simultaneous surgery (SS) is an approach in surgery that allows simultaneous treatment of several pathologies, reducing the risk of repeated interventions, and also improves the economic aspect for the health care system. However, an increase in the volume of surgical intervention during SS may affect the level of the surgical team fatigue, which requires a detailed study and assessment of this effect. The purpose: to evaluate the early postoperative results and the safety of performing SS, as well as their influence on the level of fatigue of surgeons. Materials and methods. This study highlights the results of treatment of 72 patients. In accordance with the set goal, three study groups were formed: group I (34 patients) —an isolated intervention, group II (18 patients) — SS without changing the operator, group III (20 patients) — SS with observance of the principle of surgeons’ interchange depending on the stage of intervention. Results. A comparative prospective analysis of the clinical outcomes in patients who underwent standardized isolated and simultaneous surgical interventions was carried out. The effect of simultaneous operations on the level of fatigue of the surgical team was evaluated in comparison with isolated operations. The influence of the principle of interchange of the surgical team members during simultaneous operations was studied. Conclusions. Simultaneous laparoscopic interventions are effective and safe in the treatment of patients of low anesthetic risk with combined abdominal surgical diseases. However, they cause an increase in fatigue of the surgical team. Implementation of the principle of interchange of surgeons and formation of a multidisciplinary team is a promi­sing approach to reduce this impact. Further research is needed to optimize workflows in simultaneous surgery and find new methods to reduce the level of fatigue of the surgical team.

Correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress among patients with ankylosing spondylitis

BackgroundThe recurrent nature and prolonged course of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) impose substantial psychological disorders on patients. The aim of this study was to assess psychological disorders and analyze the overall risk of psychological disorders as well as the factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress in ankylosing spondylitis.MethodsPatients diagnosed with AS were selected from the China Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry of Patients with Chinese Medicine (CERTAIN) database for data analysis. General demographic characteristics and disease-related features of the patients were collected. The study analyzed clinical differences between patients with and without psychological disorders. Specific clinical characteristics of depression, anxiety, and stress were statistically analyzed. Clinical factors associated with overall psychological status and specific psychological disorders (depression, anxiety and stress) were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.ResultsIn our study cohort, 26.72% of AS patients were identified with psychological disorders, with 17.5% experiencing depression, 21.1% suffering from anxiety, and 7.9% reporting stress. We also observed significant overlaps among depression, anxiety, and stress in AS patients, with 53.47% experiencing multiple psychological disorders. Disease activity, health index, fatigue levels, and PGA were identified as significant factors associated with psychological disorders. Age, health index, fatigue levels, and PGA were the main influencing factors for depression; disease activity and PGA for anxiety; and disease activity, ASAS-HI, and fatigue for stress.ConclusionsThe study reveals a significant prevalence of psychological disorders among individuals with AS, which correlates closely with disease activity, health index, fatigue levels, and PGA. These findings highlight the imperative for assessment of psychological conditions into the comprehensive management approach for AS patients.

Visualization of Professional Cyclists Analytics

Cycling is an important field of sport and a great example of a sport in which athletes are highly measured due to cycling computers that monitor and document workouts in detail. Leveraging this variety of data, we developed The Velodrome, a web-based analytics tool in collaboration with the Israel Premier Tech pro-cycling team to support decision-making. Unlike traditional tools that focus on individual cyclists, The Velodrome enables comparative analysis of multiple cyclists, assisting coaches and directeur sportifs in race selection, strategic preparation, and training decisions. The Velodrome integrates both objective metrics (e.g., relative power, elevation gain) and subjective metrics (e.g., sleep quality, fatigue level) to provide a holistic view of each cyclist’s physical and mental state. The platform offers various visualizations, including radar and line charts, facilitating multi-cyclist and time-based comparisons. These features enable detailed insights into training loads, performance trends, and readiness for competition, supporting team-level decision-making.

Telehealth in sarcoidosis: a scoping review

IntroductionSarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that causes functional and physical limitations in patients, negatively impacting their quality of life. Telehealth can provide a solution to improve healthcare services for these patients, regardless of their social and economic status. This research explores the various telehealth technologies and their applications for patients with sarcoidosis.Material and methodsThis scoping review was conducted in 2024 with a comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases. Following screening and duplicate removal, relevant data were extracted and analyzed.ResultsOut of 821 studies, only 6 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings showed that mHealth technologies have good acceptance among patients and healthcare providers in managing sarcoidosis symptoms, such as fatigue, stress, and physical activity levels, and improving quality of life. Also, activity tracker technology, alone or in combination with other remote monitoring tools, increases exercise performance, reduces fatigue, and allows for continuous monitoring of the disease status. Hence, it has the potential to be integrated into long-term care programs for patients with sarcoidosis. In addition, telerehabilitation technology could be an acceptable option for patients, but its effectiveness in improving exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with sarcoidosis requires further investigation.ConclusionmHealth and activity tracker technology showed promising results in improving sarcoidosis management and increasing patients’ motivation and adherence to treatment, but further studies are required to assess the effectiveness of telerehabilitation. Overall, telehealth has significant potential to improve the care of sarcoidosis patients, but further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these technologies.

Compassion fatigue and satisfaction among frontline staff in long term care facilities: psychometric properties of the Serbian version of the professional quality of life scale

IntroductionThis study explored the complex relationship between anxiety, depression, compassion fatigue, and satisfaction among long-term care (LTC) workers following the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the study assessed psychometric properties of the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) scale, to ensure a reliable and valid instrument for identifying compassion fatigue and satisfaction in the Serbian healthcare system.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted across LTC facilities in the Republic of Serbia. A ProQOL was administered to physicians, nurses, and aids, to measure compassion fatigue (including burnout and secondary traumatic stress) and compassion satisfaction. The following standardized instruments were also distributed: Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) and 12-Item Short-Form Health 36 Survey (SF-12).ResultsA total of 300 LTC workers participated, mostly women (86.3%), with an average age of 45.4 ± 10.5 years and a median work experience of 15 years (range: 1 to 42 years). The study reported a significant presence of anxiety and depression symptoms (53.3% and 43.3%, respectively), with LTC workers experiencing moderate levels of compassion fatigue, as indicated by burnout (58.3%) and stress (57.3%) subscales, and moderate or high levels of compassion satisfaction (49.0% and 50.0%, respectively). The study demonstrated that anxiety impacts depression both directly and indirectly (p<0.05). Specifically, burnout and compassion satisfaction mediated the positive effect of anxiety on depression, indicating that increased anxiety led to higher burnout and lower compassion satisfaction, which resulted in greater depression (p<0.05). The three-factor structure of the ProQOL was validated (IFI, TLI, and CFI were above the cut-off of ≥0.95, and the RMSEA was below the suggested value of ≤ 0.06). The Cronbach α of the three subscales was above 0.8, indicating good scale reliability.ConclusionThis study contributes to the broader literature on LTC workers wellbeing by examining the complex interplay between professional quality of life, anxiety, and depression. The findings should guide decision-makers in developing targeted interventions and policies that promote the psychological resilience and well-being of LTC workers, thereby enhancing both individual and organizational outcomes in the healthcare sector.

Effect of intravenous iron therapy on exercise performance, fatigue scores and mood states in iron-deficient recreationally active females of reproductive age: a double-blind, randomised control trial (IRONWOMAN Trial)

ObjectivesNon-anaemic iron deficiency (IDNA) is highly prevalent in exercising females. Although iron therapy can be used to correct this issue, its impact on exercise performance is equivocal. Our aim was...

Effects of gamified versus pedometer-based walking intervention on physical activity, fatigue, and sleep quality among hemodialysis patients: a quasi-experimental study

ObjectivesExercise is a promising approach for symptom management in hemodialysis patients who are typically very sedentary. This study evaluated the effects of gamified versus pedometer-based walking interventions on these patients' physical activity, physical function, fatigue, sleep quality, and hemodynamics.MethodsA quasi-experimental single-blind study was conducted in three groups (two intervention and one control groups). It was carried out at the hemodialysis department in Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt, from October 2022 to 2023. A total of 94 patients were divided randomly into gamified (n = 31), pedometer (n = 31), and control (n = 32) groups. Randomization was done by dialysis scheduled time (first shift: pedometer group, second shift: gamified group, and third shift control group) rather than at the individual level, and the allocation ratio was approximately 1:1:1. The gamified group received a twelve-week smartphone-based gamified walking intervention, while the pedometer group received a twelve-week pedometer-based walking intervention. The control group did not receive any intervention. Step count, fatigue, sleep quality, physical function, and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention.ResultPost-intervention results indicated that patients in the gamified group significantly improved their step count, fatigue, and sleep levels compared to both the pedometer and control groups (P < 0.001). However, the groups had no statistically significant differences in physical function or hemodynamics.ConclusionHemodialysis patients who participated in a short-term, smartphone-based gamified walking intervention experienced increased step counts, reduced fatigue, and improved sleep quality.Trial RegistrationProspectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 28/10/2022; registration number NCT05599646.

Unseen Struggles: A Correlational Study on Stress, Fatigue, and Burnout Among ICU Nurses

Staff nurses working in the ICU are at the forefront of patient care, responsible for monitoring patients' conditions, administering treatments, and providing emotional support to both patients and their families. Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are critical departments in healthcare settings that cater to patients with severe, life-threatening illnesses or injuries. Given the potential consequences of stress, fatigue, and burnout on nurses' well-being and patient care, healthcare institutions have started recognizing the need for preventive measures and support systems. The objective of the study was to assess the perception of stress, fatigue and burnout among nurses working in ICU, to correlate the perception of stress, fatigue and burnout among nurses working in ICU and to associate the perception of stress, fatigue and burnout among nurses working in ICU with their demographic variables. The research approach was quantitative and the research design was non-experimental descriptive research design. The samples were selected by non– probability method and the sample size was 60 staff nurses working in ICU. The study was conducted at SRM General Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District. The study finding concludes that majority of level of perception of stress among the staff nurses, 50(83.33%) had average stress, 7(11.67) had high stress and 3(5.0%) had less stress. In relation to level of fatigue shows that among the staff nurses, 29(48.34%) had less fatigue, 26(43.33%) had average fatigue and 5(8.33%) had high fatigue respectively. Regarding level of burnout shows that among the staff nurses, 54(90%) had average burnout, 4(6.67%) had high burnout and 2(3.33%) had less burnout. Positive correlation was observed between stress and burnout. Hence, there is a need of hospitals administration to emphasize on the strategies which can increase the satisfaction of the nurses decrease the level of stress, fatigue and ultimately decreases the job burnout.

Nurses' Performance as a Mediator Between Nurses' Fatigue and Patient Safety Culture: A Structural Equation Model Analysis.

To determine the relationships among nurses' fatigue, nurses' performance and patient safety culture. Cross-sectional study. A multicentre study was conducted with 308 nurses working in 14 medical and surgical wards from four teaching hospitals in Iran. The sampling method was stratified with a proportional allocation. Data were collected via a demographic form, the Occupational Fatigue/Exhaustion Recovery (OFER-15), the Nurse Performance Instrument (NPI) and the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC). The data were analysed via structural equation modelling (SEM). Nurse fatigue was significantly inversely related to performance and patient safety culture (p < 0.001). Path analysis revealed that each unit of reducing nurses' fatigue improved patients' safety culture by 0.286 units and that each unit of improved nurse performance improved patients' safety culture by 0.360 units. Additionally, each one-unit increase in a nurse's fatigue could decrease his or her performance by 0.860 units. SEM analysis confirmed the mediating effect of nurses' performance on the relationship between their level of fatigue and patient safety culture. The proposed model can assist nursing managers and healthcare policymakers in developing practical strategies to mitigate and reduce nurses' fatigue and, consequently, improve nurses' performance and patient safety. All participants contributed to this research by completing self-reported scales.

Actigraphy-Driven Biomathematical Fatigue Modeling in British Military Rotary-Wing Pilots.

A study of fatigue in British military rotary-wing pilots was conducted to determine the utility of actigraphy-driven fatigue modeling in the military rotary-wing environment. A total of 48 pilots were recruited across the 3 military services of the United Kingdom. Objective fatigue was predicted using wearable actigraphy and the Sleep Activity Fatigue Task Effectiveness (SAFTE) fatigue model. Subjective data were collected from daily questionnaires completed by the study subjects, including an assessment of their own fatigue level using Samn-Perelli Scale scores. The relationship between these two data sets was then assessed with correlation and linear regression modeling. There were 38 men and 2 women recruited. The mean age was 36.4 yr (standard deviation ± 6.5, range 26-52 yr). In total, 200 flights were undertaken, with a mean flight time of 156 min (± 77.1, range 15-480); the mean landing time of these flights was 18:45 (range 11:00-02:30). The data included 37 d of pilots deployed on exercise. SAFTE scores were shown to decline for night flying, especially if landing after 22:00. With increasing subjective levels of fatigue, the relationship between SAFTE and Samn-Perelli Scale scores in subjects weakened. Actigraphy-driven modeling has a role in specific aspects of military rotary-wing aviation. Consideration should be given to its use in specific scenarios, including night-flying and flights undertaken when deployed on exercise. Pelham A, Van Tongeren M, Arnold H, Cocco P. Actigraphy-driven biomathematical fatigue modeling in British military rotary-wing pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(3):206-211.

Factors related to restless leg syndrome in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Factors related to restless leg syndrome in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Time Spent: The Benefit of Ten-Minute "Practice Snacks"

Abstract: In this additional installment of the "Time Spent" series, the author explores the benefits of shorter sessions of distributed vocal practice compared to longer sessions of massed practice. He presents how ten-minute "practice snacks" may lead to greater learning alongside lower levels of vocal fatigue.

The impact of exercise during radiotherapy on treatment-related side effects in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The impact of exercise during radiotherapy on treatment-related side effects in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Persistent high levels of perceived fatigue are not associated with hypermetabolism in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Objective: Fatigue is a common symptom in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Little is known about factors that contribute to fatigue, and whether levels of fatigue change throughout disease course. We aimed to determine associations between self-reported perceived fatigue and metabolic and clinical features of ALS, and perceived fatigue over the course of disease. Methods: This prospective study was conducted between July 2017 and March 2024. Baseline measures of self-reported perceived fatigue, metabolic rate, and clinical measures of disease were assessed in 117 participants with clinically definite or probable ALS. For comparison, fatigue and metabolic rate were collected from 107 control participants. Perceived fatigue was determined using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Metabolic rate was assessed using indirect calorimetry. Functional capacity and clinical progression were assessed using the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R). Results: Baseline levels of perceived fatigue were greater in people living with ALS (plwALS) when compared to controls (5.44 vs. 2.55; p < 0.01). Perceived fatigue was higher in plwALS with lower ALSFRS-R scores and was not associated with measures of metabolism. For most plwALS, perceived fatigue remained high as functional capacity worsened. Conclusion: Our findings confirm higher prevalence of perceived fatigue in plwALS, with persistently high FSS scores reported by most patients during follow-up. High levels of fatigue were not associated with hypermetabolism, suggesting that metabolic rate is unlikely to be a primary contributor. Results highlight a need for further research to identify factors that contribute to fatigue in ALS, and options for improved fatigue management.

Evaluation of the prevalence, and relationship between nutritional status, malnutrition, and quality of life in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Mashhad, Iran in 2023

Introduction: Cancer patients face high risks of malnutrition, low muscle mass, and sarcopenia due to decreased intake and treatment side effects. This malnutrition can lead to longer hospital stays, higher mortality, lower quality of life, and poor treatment tolerance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and relationship between nutritional status, malnutrition and quality of life in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Mashhad, Iran in 2023. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated 237 cancer patients from Razavi, Nazeran, Qhaem, and Omid Hospitals using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Data analysis was conducted with SPSS version 21. Results: Among the 237 patients assessed, 61.6% were identified as female. The PG-SGA scores indicated that the prevalence of malnutrition and the risk of malnutrition were 89.9% (n=213) and 7.2% (n=17), respectively. Our findings revealed significant differences in physical function, role function, and emotional status dimensions between the malnourished group and the normal/at-risk malnutrition group (P &lt; 0.001). In contrast, no significant differences were found in cognitive function and social function. Furthermore, there were significant variations in fatigue, pain, and appetite levels between the malnourished group and the normal/at-risk malnutrition group, as assessed by the QoL questionnaire. Conclusion: It was determined that 89.9% of cancer patients across all treatment modalities were malnourished and required immediate care. Gastrointestinal cancer was found to have the highest malnutrition rates when compared to other cancer types.

IMPACT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND FATIGUE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Abstract INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, significantly impact patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL), with fatigue being one of the most common and debilitating symptoms. Despite advances in IBD treatment, fatigue remains prevalent, even in patients with quiescent disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of IBD on HRQoL and fatigue, comparing outcomes in IBD patients to healthy controls. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of Medline and Embase databases from January 2015 to May 2024. Eligible studies included those comparing HRQoL and fatigue in adult IBD patients to healthy controls, using validated outcome measures. Studies were screened, and data on HRQoL and fatigue were extracted and synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis for studies reporting consistent outcome measures. Data extracted from the included studies were analysed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Software. RESULTS A total of 9 studies with 10,296 participants were included in the analysis. Our meta-analysis revealed that IBD patients had significantly lower HRQoL scores in both physical and mental components compared to healthy controls (Mental component MD -28.02, 95% CI -39.42 to -16.62, P&amp;lt; 0.01; Physical component MD -9.08, 95% CI -13.38 to -4.88, P=0.02). Additionally, three studies assessed fatigue, revealing that IBD patients experienced significantly higher levels of fatigue than healthy controls, though heterogeneity prevented pooling of fatigue data. CONCLUSIONS IBD patients experience significantly reduced quality of life, both physically and mentally, and report higher levels of fatigue compared to healthy individuals. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive management strategies addressing both the physical and psychosocial aspects of IBD to improve patient outcomes. Future research should explore the mechanisms of fatigue in IBD and develop targeted interventions to enhance HRQoL. Mental Component Scores Physical Component Scores

No evidence for decision fatigue using large-scale field data from healthcare

Decision fatigue is the idea that making decisions is mentally demanding and eventually leads to deteriorated decision quality. Many studies report results that appear consistent with decision fatigue. However, most of this evidence comes from observed sequential patterns using retrospective designs, without preregistration or external validation and with low precision in how decision fatigue is operationalized. Here we conducted an empirical test of decision fatigue using large-scale, high-resolution data on healthcare professionals’ medical judgments at a national telephone triage and medical advice service. This is a suitable setting for testing decision fatigue because the work is both hard and repetitive, yet qualified, and the variation in scheduling produced a setting where level of fatigue could be regarded as near random for some segments of the data. We hypothesized increased use of heuristics, more specifically convergence toward personal defaults in case judgments, and higher assigned urgency ratings with fatigue. We tested these hypotheses using one-sided Bayes Factors computed from underlying Bayesian generalized mixed models with random intercepts. The results consistently showed relative support for the statistical null hypothesis of no difference in decision-making depending on fatigue (BF0+ > 22 for all main tests). We thus found no evidence for decision fatigue. Whereas these results don’t preclude the existence of a weaker or more nuanced version of decision fatigue or more context-specific effects, they cast serious doubt on the empirical relevance of decision fatigue as a domain general effect for sequential decisions in healthcare and elsewhere.

Effects of dry cupping on exercise, autonomic activity and sleep in baseball players during preseason and in-season conditioning.

Cupping therapy has been shown to alleviate muscle fatigue, sustain exercise capacity, enhance post-exercise recovery of autonomic activity, and improves sleep quality. However, variations in athletes' training intensity, competition pressure, and fatigue levels throughout a sports season remain underexplored. Few studies have investigated whether the health benefits of cupping differ across various phases of a sports season. This study aimed to examine the effects of short-term cupping on athletes during preseason conditioning (PSC) and in-season conditioning (ISC). Forty university baseball players were recruited and randomly assigned to either the cupping (dry cupping at - 400 mmHg) or sham (dry cupping at - 100 mmHg) group. Cupping was applied to the upper back and shoulders for 15 minutes, twice a week for 8 consecutive weeks (4 weeks each during PSC and ISC). Cupping had no significant effect on upper-extremity function during either PSC or ISC. Exercise tests during PSC and ISC revealed no postintervention changes in peak power, peak oxygen consumption, or anaerobic threshold. However, cupping during PSC improved postexercise recovery of low-frequency power (LF; P = .013; a component of heart rate variability) and that during ISC improved recovery of the LF/high-frequency power ratio (P = .004) and LF% (P = .037). Additionally, cupping during PSC notably enhanced daytime function, as measured by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (P = .026). The benefits of cupping therapy vary between PSC and ISC. Cupping during PSC and ISC notably improved the postexercise recovery of autonomic and sympathetic activities, respectively. However, improvements in sleep quality were only observed during PSC.