374 SEER, 82, 2, 2004 chapter six and essentiallyfamiliarto students of the 1930s, the main lines of policy were enacted. The outcome was thus not workplace equality but sharperlines of sex segregation, with women dominating particularareas of the economy and even particular workshops within factories. Nevertheless, discriminationand prejudice continued to characterizewomen's experiences throughout this period, as chapter seven explores, and the state encouraged such criticismas part of its attempt to combat local resistanceand encourage women to work. Finally, the concluding chapter reviews the 'disciplining'of the workforceduring the second five-yearplan, reviewing policies on wages, passports, residence, rations, and so forth. With women proving to be more reliableand indeed more efficientworkers,the stateconceived andencouraged theirpresence as a stabilizingforce. Goldman's aim to reexamine the history of the Stalinist industrialization drive from the perspective of women's history is to be commended. Her argument that women played a key role both as an object of state policy and as a presence on the factoryfloor is convincing. However, this studydoes not live up to the promise stated in the introduction: 'It [the study] uses gender not simply to fill a descriptive gap or to add a missing piece to a largely completed puzzle but rather to rearrange the puzzle itself' (p. 3). While the narrativeof the firsttwo five-yearplans is well-informedandjudicious, it does not fundamentally change our understanding of the period, its dynamics or periodization. Despite some nods to gender, moreover, this book belongs squarely in the tradition of socio-economic history. Not only does Goldman rely heavily on statistical methods but, more importantly, the primary explanatory paradigm is consistently materialist: economics fundamentally drives the events and processes she describes not the state, not ideology, not discoursesof gender, and not the women themselves,though most of these factorsare considered to some extent. It is a pity, therefore,that Goldman did not engage in a dialogue with some of the more recent scholarlycontributions to earlySoviet history.Are these simplyopposingparadigmswithoutpoints of contact? In conclusion, this book is a specialized and highly focused study that integrates women into the history of Soviet industrialization. As such it is recommended primarily to scholars interested in Soviet economic, labour, and women's history. Schoolof SlavonicandEast EuropeanStudies SUSANMORRISSEY University College London Korosi, Zsuzsannaand Moln'ar,Adrienne. Cargying a Secret inMyHeart:Children of theVictims of theReprisals aftertheHungarian Revolution in I956. An Oral History.Central European University Press, Budapest and New York, 2003. I95 PP. Illustrations(with translations).Appendix. Bibliography. ?25.95. THIs book will fascinate anyone who is interestedin Hungary, and also be of great interest to students and scholars working in the fields of historical REVIEWS 375 memory, myths and identities. The authors present the findings of a project with the title 'The 2nd Generation of 1956ers',conducted at the Institutefor the Hungarian Revolution of I956 in Budapest. Interviews were conducted with forty-threepeople whose whole lives were shaped by the fate of having been regardedas children of enemies of the regime. The initial chapters of Carrying a Secret inMy Heartexplore how, usually as very young children, the interviewees experienced the actual revolution and the subsequent arrest,imprisonmentand, in half the cases, execution of their fathers. They describe the years of hunger and humiliation immediately following I956. The vivid and moving accounts are enhanced by twenty-five illustrations: letters to and from fathers in prison, diaries, and children's drawingsand photographs. Perhapsthe most interesting sections of the book, however, concern what happened next: life after the I963 general amnesty, under the supposedly 'liberal'regime, with its motto 'he who is not against us is for us'. The book illustrates the coexistence of opposite trends. On the one hand, many restrictions were lifted, making it easier for interviewees to acquire an education, join official organizations and even, in some cases, to pursue a career. The authorsconclude that, by the I98os, most of the intervieweeshad achieved an average Hungarian standard of living. On the other hand, in some respectslife became more difficultand the intervieweesfelt more socially excluded, rather than less. The immediate aftermath of the revolution was marked by widespread social support for its victims. Sometimes it was material, often the result of organized workplace fund-raising. Sympathetic officials...