Fast Tempo Research Articles

PENGARUH MUSIK TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR dan EMOSIONAL SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR

Music is art in the form of sound produced from various musical instruments or vocals which are arranged harmoniously, rhythmically and melodically. Music can be used in the learning process of elementary school students. Music can increase students' learning motivation by providing an uplifting and interesting atmosphere for students in the learning process. In addition, music can also help improve student focus and concentration in learning. Research shows that music can affect a person's emotions, including students. Music that has a fast tempo can increase student excitement and enthusiasm, while slower music can help calm and relax students. Therefore, music can help reduce student stress and anxiety in learning. Therefore, the authors are interested in conducting a literature study on the effect of music on students' learning and emotional motivation in elementary schools. The purpose of this study is to provide benefits to readers by increasing understanding and knowledge about the use of music in learning can increase students' learning motivation in elementary schools. This research uses the method of literature research (Literature Research). Based on the results of the literature study that has been done, it can be concluded that music can influence students' motivation and emotions so that learning is carried out more fun.

Associations of Relative Pubertal Timing and Pubertal Tempo with Body Mass Index in a Sample of Youth Adopted at Birth

Most research on puberty has focused on pubertal timing and its correlates. Less research has examined how timing and tempo relate to each other despite how both relate to health outcomes. We examined timing (relative to same-age/sex-peers) and tempo with each other and body-mass-index (BMI) during adolescence. Data came the Early Growth and Development Study, a sample of youth adopted-at-birth (N=361;57% male). We present correlations between timing and tempo from youth self-reported puberty using the Pubertal Development Scale at age 9, 11, and 15, and BMI at 7, 9, and 15 for girls and boys separately. For girls and boys, earlier timing at 9 was associated with earlier timing at 11 (r=.20-.22), but neither was associated with timing at 15. Tempo between 9-15 was associated with tempo from 9-11 and 11-15 (r=.32-.56). Tempo from 9-11 was negatively associated with tempo from 11-15 (r=-.47to-.72). Earlier timing at 9 was associated with slower tempo at all timepoints (r=-.24to-.85). Earlier timing at 11 was associated with slower tempo between 11-15 (r=-.66to-.86), but faster tempo between 9-11. Earlier timing at 15 was associated with faster tempo between 11-15 and 9-15 (r=.21-.77). In boys, higher BMI at 7 was associated with earlier timing at 11 and slower tempo 9-15 (r=.20;r=-.28). There was stability in timing early in adolescence, moderate-high associations of tempo, differential associations between timing and tempo, and sparse associations of BMI and puberty.

The influence of proximal motor strategies on pianists' upper-limb movement variability

Repetitive movements are considered a risk factor for developing practice-related musculoskeletal disorders. Intra-participant kinematic variability might help musicians reduce the risk of injury during repetitive tasks. No research has studied the effects of proximal motion (i.e., trunk and shoulder movement) on upper-limb movement variability in pianists. The first objective was to determine the effect of proximal movement strategies and performance tempo on both intra-participant joint angle variability of upper-limb joints and endpoint variability. The second objective was to compare joint angle variability between pianist's upper-limb joints. As secondary objectives, we assessed the relationship between intra-participant joint angle variability and task range of motion (ROM) and documented inter-participant joint angle variability. The upper body kinematics of 9 expert pianists were recorded using an optoelectronic system. Participants continuously performed two right-hand chords (lateral leap motions) while changing movements based on trunk motion (with and without) and shoulder motion (counter-clockwise, back-and-forth, and clockwise) at two tempi (slow and fast). Trunk and shoulder movement strategies collectively influenced variability at the shoulder, elbow and, to a lesser extent, the wrist. Slow tempi led to greater variability at wrist and elbow flexion/extension compared to fast tempi. Endpoint variability was influenced only along the anteroposterior axis. When the trunk was static, the shoulder had the lowest joint angle variability. When trunk motion was used, elbow and shoulder variability increased, and became comparable to wrist variability. ROM was correlated with intra-participant joint angle variability, suggesting that increased task ROM might result in increased movement variability during practice. Inter-participant variability was approximately six times greater than intra-participant variability. Pianists should consider incorporating trunk motion and a variety of shoulder movements as performance strategies while performing leap motions at the piano, as they might reduce exposure to risks of injury.

The I Ching as a medium: An adjectival glossary

After presenting the I Ching as a medium, this piece goes on to reveal the characteristics of the ancient Chinese sacred book from diverse perspectives. To maintain a fast tempo, and to stay within the bounds of what counts as a probe, the entries have been explained in a suggestive rather than exhaustive manner. Put otherwise, the piece seeks to say more with less, much like how the I Ching itself communicates. Although arranged alphabetically, the entries can be read in any order. As a matter of fact, the reader may experience the shock of recognition when leaping from entry to entry aleatorily. To pay homage to McLuhan, the piece ends with a tetrad on the I Ching. The reader is encouraged to read the piece in dialogue with ‘McLuhan and the I Ching: An interological inquiry’, ‘Flusser and the I Ching’ and ‘Focal knowledge, medium bias, and metamedium’.

Neural mechanisms of temporal and rhythmic structure processing in non-musicians.

Music is increasingly being used as a therapeutic tool in the field of rehabilitation medicine and psychophysiology. One of the main key components of music is its temporal organization. The characteristics of neurocognitive processes during music perception of meter in different tempo variations technique have been studied by using the event-related potentials technique. The study involved 20 volunteers (6 men, the median age of the participants was 23 years). The participants were asked to listen to 4 experimental series that differed in tempo (fast vs. slow) and meter (duple vs. triple). Each series consisted of 625 audio stimuli, 85% of which were organized with a standard metric structure (standard stimulus) while 15% included unexpected accents (deviant stimulus). The results revealed that the type of metric structure influences the detection of the change in stimuli. The analysis showed that the N200 wave occurred significantly faster for stimuli with duple meter and fast tempo and was the slowest for stimuli with triple meter and fast pace.

Influence of musical stimulus on the perception of clarity in rooms and its relation to [formula omitted

C80 is an acoustic parameter that evaluates the influence of the room on the perception of musical clarity. Numerous studies have been carried out to determine its just noticeable difference (JND). In those evaluations different musical pieces have been used, and different results have been observed depending on the pieces. In some studies, the difference was considered significant, while in others it was not. The lack of agreement on the effect that the musical piece has on the assessment of C80 is the main motivation for this research.A listening test was carried out in order to assess whether the musical motif has an influence on the perceived musical clarity of a room. In studying this influence, it was necessary to use musical motifs with very different characteristics. A total of five pieces were selected: one liturgical vocal piece, one fast tempo solo piece, one slow tempo solo piece and two orchestral pieces, one fast and one slow. These motifs were used to create the stimuli used in the test by convolution with impulse responses of rooms with different C80 levels. Impulse responses were obtained by modifying the virtual models of three rooms. Eighteen impulse responses were used with C80 levels between −5.90 and 6.75 dB. The listening test was carried out by 36 participants with varying degrees of musical training.It was intended to answer two different questions. Firstly, whether the participants were able to percieve C80 changes in all musical motifs. And secondly, whether the musical motif was a significant factor when assessing the C80 level of a stimulus. The first question was assessed using regression analysis and Cochran-Mantel–Haenszel (CMH) analysis. It could be observed that the participants were able to notice changes in the C80 level for the solo instrument pieces and the vocal motif. For the orchestral pieces, on the other hand, this differentiation ability could not be seen. To assess whether the motif is a significant factor in evaluating a C80 level, a CMH analysis was performed. The results indicate that, for all rooms, musical motifs are a significant factor in assessing the clarity of a venue. Consequently, it can be stated that the musical motif used for the evaluation of the clarity of a room by means of a listening test has an influence on the results obtained.

The musicscape in hotel businesses: Evidence from online reviews

Musicscape is an important topic in tourism and hospitality contexts. However, there are few studies on this subject in the accommodation sector. The study aims to determine the effect of ‘musicscape dimensions’ on customer behavior. To achieve this aim, 2357 online reviews of 28 hotels in Antalya, Turkey were analyzed by content analysis. The framework proposed by Oakes was used in the study. The research findings provide hotel managers with practical advice on the effective use of musicscape in tourism and hospitality settings. In addition, it was concluded that customers evaluated the loudness and fast tempo of music negatively, and that the harmony of music broadcasts and their environment offered by a hotel is positively perceived by customers.

Fast and Medium Tempo Resistance Training with a Low Number of Repetitions in Trained Men: Effects on Maximal Strength and Power Output.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of high load fast and medium tempo back squats using a low number of repetitions on maximal strength and power output. Seventeen participants completed a countermovement jump test and 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) assessment before and after an eight-week intervention. All participants were randomly divided into a fast tempo (FAS: 1/0/1/0) and a medium tempo (MED: 2/0/2/0) resistance training (RT) group and performed three repetitions per set of a Smith back squat exercise with 85% 1-RM intensity. Maximal strength, jump height, peak power and force of the two groups were significantly improved (p < 0.05). In addition, peak velocity significantly increased after the intervention in the FAS group (p < 0.05), but not in the MED group (p > 0.05). A significant interaction effect between training groups was observed for jump height (F (1, 30) = 5.49, p = 0.026, η2 = 0.155). However, no significant group by time interaction effects were found between training groups for maximal strength (F (1, 30) = 0.11, p = 0.742, η2 = 0.004). Therefore, the two groups showed similar effects in maximal strength, but, compared with the MED group, FAS resistance training with low repetitions caused favorable adaptations in power output in trained men.

Mandatory Metal Moments

Through a series of case studies, this article presents a framework of common musical tropes originally only found in heavy metal music. The use of aggressive “double-kick” drum grooves, galloping bass lines, harmonized melodies, and overall fast tempi are all common elements of many styles of metal that first emerged in the 1980s. Video games developed alongside this musical genre; action, platforming, and role-playing games not only embraced these distinguishing characteristics of metal music, but these tropes are now expected in games of various genres. In addition, other extra-musical topics associated with heavy metal’s lyrical themes—such as references to the occult and fantasy—are common archetypes used to build the worlds of these video games. Studies have been conducted that examine the cultural similarities between these two cultures, the relationship of music genre with game genre and function, and the use of rock paired with sacred music specifically in battle themes. By analyzing the arrangements, treatment of melodic contours, rhythmic gestures, and harmonic progressions of these games, this article discusses and demonstrates how metal has disseminated into video game culture. There are strong connections between the fast-paced obstacles in Mega Man with the speed of Iron Maiden, the gothic horror stages of Castlevania and Baroque elegance of Yngwie Malmsteen, and how the themes from fantasy literature made their way into video game design and power metal. The worlds of these games are built on their music, but their music is built on a fusion of tropes used in heavy metal culture.

Bentuk Penyajian Tari Galombang Sanggar Umbuik Mudo dalam Pesta Perkawinan di Nagari Sungai Asam, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman

This study aims to describe and analyze the form of presentation of the Galombang Dance at Sanggar Umbuik Mudo at a wedding party and to reveal the form and sequence of the entire presentation of the Galombang Dance at a wedding party. This type of qualitative research uses a descriptive analytical method. While the main instrument is the researcher himself and requires tools in collecting data in the field, namely in the form of stationery and photo cameras. Data collection techniques in the form of literature, observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique is by collecting data, describing the data and concluding the data. The results showed that the Galombang dance at the Umbuik Mudo Studio was a creative dance danced by 6 dancers, consisting of 1 male and 4 female dancers and 1 carano carrier. The movements of the male dancers consist of 6 movements, while the movements of the female dancers consist of 16 movements. The two-row floor pattern stretches backwards with two performances, that is, after the carano presenter offers betel nut to the guest of honour, the dancers continue the dance with a faster tempo. The costume for the female dancers is to wear a creations brackets shirt, salempang, songket skirt and the head wears a lenggek duo horn and uses accessories, namely lace, yellow net cloth, talepon earring, suntiang limo finger and kaban necklace and gold cakiak necklace. The accompanying music used in this performance is gandang, tambua, bass guitar, bansi, jimbe and talempong.

Penggunaan Media Audiovisual Dalam Melatih Teknik Pernapasan Siswa Pada Ekstrakurikuler Paduan Suara di SMP Negeri 22 Padang

This study aims to find out how the use of audiovisual media in training students' breathing techniques in extracurricular choirs at SMP Negeri 22 Padang. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive analysis approach. The research instrument was the researcher himself and assisted by supporting instruments in the form of laptop stationery, LCD projectors and mobile phones. The data in this study uses primary data and secondary data. The techniques used in data collection are literature study, observation, interviews and documentation. The steps to analyze the data are identifying the data, classifying the data, describing the data, analyzing the data and concluding the data. The results showed that the implementation of the extracurricular choir at Padang 22 Public Middle School had been carried out and was quite good, even though the teacher trainers did not have a background in music and only understood a little about breathing techniques, by utilizing audiovisual media breathing techniques students could be trained well. So that students already know what are the types of breathing in singing, students' breathing becomes long because they are often trained with the flat tire technique, students are also skilled in breathing quickly when singing songs with fast tempo because of lightning breathing exercises and breathing exercises. panting, and practice inhaling 4 times and exhaling 8 times. So that the phrases and intonation when singing are also not disturbed anymore.

Slower tempo makes worse performance? The effect of musical tempo on cognitive processing speed.

The effects of musical tempo on cognitive processing speed were investigated, and the mediating effect of arousal was empirically tested. In an experiment, participants were divided into fast tempo, slow tempo, and no-music groups and completed three cognitive processing speed tests measuring motor speed, visuospatial processing speed, and linguistic processing speed. The results indicated a significant effect of musical tempo on processing speed and task performance in all three tasks. The slow-tempo group exhibited slower processing speed and worse performance than the no-music group in all three tasks. The fast tempo group displayed no significant difference in processing speed or performance compared with the no-music group. In the linguistic processing task, those who listened to slow-tempo music had better accuracy than those in the other conditions. Arousal did not mediate the relationship between musical tempo and cognitive processing speed.

Fast Tempo Increases Attention: The Effect of Music Tempo on Attention

Music is an inseparable part of daily activities, one of which is student activities. Attention is an effort in mental processes to focus and pay attention to a particular object effectively and selectively. This study aims to see how fast and slow music tempos can affect students' attention, especially during this pandemic. This study used a between-subject design with three groups; One control group and two experimental groups. A total of 36 participants are students. The Concentration Grid Test is used as the measuring instrument. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed a value of p = 0.040, p &lt;0.05. The post-hoc analysis results showed that participants who listened to pop instrumental music with a fast tempo had a significantly higher score than those without music (p=0.042, MD=-1.083) and with a slow tempo (p=0.007, MD=1.583). There was no significant difference between no music with a slow tempo (p=0,229, MD=0,500). This result shows that the music tempo is not distracting and can increase students' attention.Musik menjadi bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari aktivitas sehari-hari, salah satunya dalam kegiatan yang dilakukan mahasiswa. Atensi merupakan usaha dalam proses mental yang dilakukan untuk memfokuskan dan memperhatikan suatu objek tertentu secara efektif dan selektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat bagaimana musik dengan tempo cepat dan lambat mampu memengaruhi atensi mahasiswa, terutama selama masa pandemik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain between subject dengan tiga kelompok, satu kelompok kontrol dan dua kelompok eksperimen. Partisipan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 36 mahasiswa dan alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Concentration Grid Test. Hasil uji beda pada perhitungan Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan nilai p = 0,040, p &lt; 0,05. Hasil analisis post-hoc menunjukkan bahwa partisipan yang mendengarkan musik pop instrumental dengan tempo cepat memiliki skor yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi daripada tanpa musik (p=0,042, MD=-1.083) dan tempo lambat (p=0.007, MD=1,583), tetapi antara tanpa musik dengan tempo lambat tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,229, MD=0,500). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa tempo musik tidak menjadi sebuah distraksi, melainkan mampu meningkatkan atensi mahasiswa saat melakukan kegiatan kognitif.

Musical tempo affects EEG spectral dynamics during subsequent time estimation

The perception of time depends on the rhythmicity of internal and external synchronizers. One external synchronizer that affects time estimation is music. This study aimed to analyze the effects of musical tempi on EEG spectral dynamics during subsequent time estimation. Participants performed a time production task after (i) silence and (ii) listening to music at different tempi –90, 120, and 150 bpm– while EEG activity was recorded. While listening, there was an increase in alpha power at all tempi compared to the resting state and an increase of beta at the fastest tempo. The beta increase persisted during the subsequent time estimations, with higher beta power during the task after listening to music at the fastest tempo than task performance without music. Spectral dynamics in frontal regions showed lower alpha activity in the final stages of time estimations after listening to music at 90- and 120-bpm than in the silence condition and higher beta in the early stages at 150 bpm. Behaviorally, the 120 bpm musical tempo produced slight improvements. Listening to music modified tonic EEG activity that subsequently affected EEG dynamics during time production. Music at a more optimal rate could have benefited temporal expectation and anticipation. The fastest musical tempo may have generated an over-activated state that affected subsequent time estimations. These results emphasize the importance of music as an external stimulus that can affect brain functional organization during time perception even after listening.

“Give me happy pop songs in C major and with a fast tempo”: A vocal assistant for content-based queries to online music repositories

This paper presents an Internet of Musical Things system devised to support recreational music-making, improvisation, composition, and music learning via vocal queries to an online music repository. The system involves a commercial voice-based interface and the Jamendo cloud-based repository of Creative Commons music content. Thanks to the system the user can query the Jamendo music repository by six content-based features and each combination thereof: mood, genre, tempo, chords, key and tuning. Such queries differ from the conventional methods for music retrieval, which are based on the piece’s title and the artist’s name. These features were identified following a survey with 112 musicians, which preliminary validated the concept underlying the proposed system. A user study with 20 musicians showed that the system was deemed usable, able to provide a satisfactory user experience, and useful in a variety of musical activities. Differences in the participants’ needs were identified, which highlighted the need for personalization mechanisms based on the expertise level of the user. Importantly, the system was seen as a concrete solution to physical encumbrances that arise from the concurrent use of the instrument and devices providing interactive media resources. Finally, the system offers benefits to visually-impaired musicians.

Modulation of Motor Vigor by Expectation of Reward Probability Trial-by-Trial Is Preserved in Healthy Ageing and Parkinson's Disease Patients.

Motor improvements, such as faster movement times or increased velocity, have been associated with reward magnitude in deterministic contexts. Yet whether individual inferences on reward probability influence motor vigor dynamically remains undetermined. We investigated how dynamically inferring volatile action-reward contingencies modulated motor performance trial-by-trial. We conducted three studies that coupled a reversal learning paradigm with a motor sequence task and used a validated hierarchical Bayesian model to fit trial-by-trial data. In Study 1, we tested healthy younger [HYA; 37 (24 females)] and older adults [HOA; 37 (17 females)], and medicated Parkinson's disease (PD) patients [20 (7 females)]. We showed that stronger predictions about the tendency of the action-reward contingency led to faster performance tempo, commensurate with movement time, on a trial-by-trial basis without robustly modulating reaction time (RT). Using Bayesian linear mixed models, we demonstrated a similar invigoration effect on performance tempo in HYA, HOA, and PD, despite HOA and PD being slower than HYA. In Study 2 [HYA, 39 (29 females)], we additionally showed that retrospective subjective inference about credit assignment did not contribute to differences in motor vigor effects. Last, Study 3 [HYA, 33 (27 females)] revealed that explicit beliefs about the reward tendency (confidence ratings) modulated performance tempo trial-by-trial. Our study is the first to reveal that the dynamic updating of beliefs about volatile action-reward contingencies positively biases motor performance through faster tempo. We also provide robust evidence for a preserved sensitivity of motor vigor to inferences about the action-reward mapping in aging and medicated PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Navigating a world rich in uncertainty relies on updating beliefs about the probability that our actions lead to reward. Here, we investigated how inferring the action-reward contingencies in a volatile environment modulated motor vigor trial-by-trial in healthy younger and older adults, and in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients on medication. We found an association between trial-by-trial predictions about the tendency of the action-reward contingency and performance tempo, with stronger expectations speeding the movement. We additionally provided evidence for a similar sensitivity of performance tempo to the strength of these predictions in all groups. Thus, dynamic beliefs about the changing relationship between actions and their outcome enhanced motor vigor. This positive bias was not compromised by age or Parkinson's disease.

Happy and sad music acutely modulate different types of attention in older adults.

Of the three subtypes of attention outlined by the attentional subsystems model, alerting (vigilance or arousal needed for task completion) and executive control (the ability to inhibit distracting information while completing a goal) are susceptible to age-related decline, while orienting remains relatively stable. Yet, few studies have investigated strategies that may acutely maintain or promote attention in typically aging older adults. Music listening may be one potential strategy for attentional maintenance as past research shows that listening to happy music characterized by a fast tempo and major mode increases cognitive task performance, likely by increasing cognitive arousal. The present study sought to investigate whether listening to happy music (fast tempo, major mode) impacts alerting, orienting, and executive control attention in 57 middle and older-aged adults (M = 61.09 years, SD = 7.16). Participants completed the Attention Network Test (ANT) before and after listening to music rated as happy or sad (slow tempo, minor mode), or no music (i.e., silence) for 10 min. Our results demonstrate that happy music increased alerting attention, particularly when relevant and irrelevant information conflicted within a trial. Contrary to what was predicted, sad music modulated executive control performance. Overall, our findings indicate that music written in the major mode with a fast tempo (happy) and minor mode with a slow tempo (sad) modulate different aspects of attention in the short-term.

Using Motor Tempi to Understand Rhythm and Grammatical Skills in Developmental Language Disorder and Typical Language Development.

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) show relative weaknesses on rhythm tasks beyond their characteristic linguistic impairments. The current study compares preferred tempo and the width of an entrainment region for 5- to 7-year-old typically developing (TD) children and children with DLD and considers the associations with rhythm aptitude and expressive grammar skills in the two populations. Preferred tempo was measured with a spontaneous motor tempo task (tapping tempo at a comfortable speed), and the width (range) of an entrainment region was measured by the difference between the upper (slow) and lower (fast) limits of tapping a rhythm normalized by an individual's spontaneous motor tempo. Data from N = 16 children with DLD and N = 114 TD children showed that whereas entrainment-region width did not differ across the two groups, slowest motor tempo, the determinant of the upper (slow) limit of the entrainment region, was at a faster tempo in children with DLD vs. TD. In other words, the DLD group could not pace their slow tapping as slowly as the TD group. Entrainment-region width was positively associated with rhythm aptitude and receptive grammar even after taking into account potential confounding factors, whereas expressive grammar did not show an association with any of the tapping measures. Preferred tempo was not associated with any study variables after including covariates in the analyses. These results motivate future neuroscientific studies of low-frequency neural oscillatory mechanisms as the potential neural correlates of entrainment-region width and their associations with musical rhythm and spoken language processing in children with typical and atypical language development.

Drumming Action and Perception: How the Movements of a Professional Drummer Influence Experiences of Tempo, Time, and Expressivity

The present study approached drumming motion from a three-fold perspective: computational movement feature analysis, perceptual evaluations of movement animations, and both in combination. We motion-captured a professional drummer performing two rhythms at two tempi with varying combinations of dynamics and amount of movement. Movement feature analysis indicated that the drummer varied their movement such that movement fluidity was higher in slow tempo compared to fast tempo, in particular for experimental conditions involving more movement and softer dynamics. Movement complexity was highest when playing slowly in the “much movement” condition. Subsequently, a perceptual online experiment was conducted using the drummer's animations with and without audio, asking observers ( n = 114) to judge perceived passage of time, expressivity, and tempo. Results indicate that passage of time ratings were related to movement instructions, with much-movement performances being perceived to pass more quickly than little-movement ones. Furthermore, fast tempo stimuli were perceived to pass more quickly than slow tempo stimuli. Expressivity ratings were associated with the stimulus tempo as well, with fast tempo stimuli being rated as more expressive than slow tempo stimuli. Moreover, much-movement performances received higher ratings for expressivity, reinforcing the link between expressivity and movement. Including the movement features in the statistical model revealed that increased movement complexity and amount of movement related to higher perceived expressivity. While movement could be well distinguished between the different drumming conditions, the analysis regarding the other perceptual judgments (passage of time and tempo) indicated less influence of the movement characteristics, implying that participants rather focussed on other aspects when rating these. The outcomes suggest systematic links between bodily implementation of drumming and its perception related to time, tempo, and expressivity.

Unpacking Multimodal Fact-Checking: Features and Engagement of Fact-Checking Videos on Chinese TikTok (Douyin)

As fact-checking videos increasingly circulate on video-sharing platforms, more research is needed to understand the prevalent features of such videos and how they are associated with audience engagement. Drawing from the literature on fact-checking, communication, marketing, and computer science, we identified eight audiovisual features as well as seven persuasive strategies that are most relevant to fact-checking videos. Using a hybrid video analysis framework combining both automated and manual content analysis, we examined 4,309 fact-checking videos on Douyin, the Chinese version of TikTok. We found that fact-checking videos on Douyin tended to have higher brightness, less cool color dominance, and faster tempo than non-fact-checking videos from the same accounts and Douyin Trending videos, and frequently used persuasive strategies like clickbait and humor. Through feature clustering, we established three types of fact-checking videos on Douyin—long storytelling cartoons, short stimulating videos, and short authoritative videos. We found that several audiovisual features and persuasive strategies were associated with audience engagement, such as likes, comments, and reshares. This study sheds light on the common practices of fact-checking videos in Chinese cyberspace, extends the current image-as-data paradigm to fact-checking videos, and helps fact-checkers make evidence-based decisions on content creation.