Famous Individuals Research Articles

Decoding the Dynamics of Cultural Change: A Cultural Evolution Approach to the Psychology of Acculturation.

Acculturation describes the cultural and psychological changes resulting from intercultural contact. Here, we use concepts from "cultural evolution" to better understand the processes of acculturation. Cultural evolution researchers view cultural change as an evolutionary process, allowing them to borrow tools and methods from biology. Cultural evolutionary mechanisms such as conformity (copying the numerical majority), anti-conformity (copying the numerical minority), prestige bias (copying famous individuals), payoff bias (copying successful people), and vertical cultural transmission (copying your parents) can cause people to adopt elements from other cultures and/or conserve their cultural heritage. We explore how these transmission mechanisms might create distinct acculturation strategies, shaping cultural change and diversity over the long-term. This theoretical integration can pave the way for a more sophisticated understanding of the pervasive cultural shifts occurring in many ethnically diverse societies, notably by identifying conditions that empower minority-group members, often marginalized, to significantly influence the majority group and society.

Developing the NLP-QFD Model to Discover Key Success Factors of Short Videos on Social Media

In the transition from television to mobile devices, short videos have emerged as the primary content format, possessing tremendous potential in various fields such as marketing, promotion, education, advertising, and so on. However, from the available literature, there is a lack of studies investigating the elements necessary for the success of short videos, specifically regarding what factors need to be considered during production to increase viewership. Therefore, this study proposed the NLP-QFD model, integrating Natural Language Processing (NLP), Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methods. Real short videos from mainstream Western media (CNN) and regional media (Middle East Eye) will be employed as case studies. In addition to analyzing the content of short videos and audiences’ reviews, we will utilize the NLP-QFD model to identify the key success factors (KSFs) of short videos, providing guidance for future short video creators, especially for small-scale businesses, to produce successful short videos and expand their influence through social media. The results indicate that the success factors for short videos include the movie title, promotion, reviews, and social media. For large enterprises, endorsements by famous individuals are crucial, while music and shooting are key elements for the success of short videos for small businesses.

Gifted and Talented LGBTQ+ Students With Disabilities: A Queer Crip Analysis

Two types of critical theories have increasingly been used to understand LGBTQ+ individuals and persons with disabilities: Queer and Crip theories. Queer Crip theory can be used to analyze elements (e.g., traits, behaviors, contexts, and skills) of the lives of gifted and talented LGBTQ+ youth who also have disabilities, as those elements have recently appeared in the professional literature, the popular press, and the LGBTQ+ press. This piece reviews the definitions of Queer and Crip theories as well as the prevalence and challenges of persons who are gifted and LGBTQ+ with disabilities. The article critically examines eight different groups of frequently seen gifted LGBTQ+ students with disabilities. Gifted LGBTQ+ youth with learning, emotional/behavioral, hearing, vision, orthopedic, health, speech/language, and autism spectrum challenges are examined for these groups’ distinctive definitions, constituent groups, famous individuals, educational masks and solutions, and social-emotional solutions emanating from students’ queer identities. In the spirit of Queer Crip theory, conclusions encourage gifted LGBTQ+ youth with disabilities and their educators to consider carefully the future challenges—and joys—that may be involved in implementing the suggested educational and queer identity approaches.

A Systematic Content Analysis of the Moral Foundations Featured in Celebrities’, Influencers’, and Athletes’ Instagram Content

ABSTRACT Despite the attention that moral media content has received for many years, no research has systematically investigated the moral foundations featured in (visual) user-generated content. This is important because exposure to moral content may influence the relative salience of different moral foundations among consumers, with implications for their moral decision-making and reasoning. This manual content analysis investigated the prevalence and consistency of the moral foundations represented in the Instagram profiles of the 59 most followed Western celebrities, athletes, and influencers. The study coded 1,256 posts and 2,936 stories, documenting the exemplification of moral foundations and their links with gender, endorser type, platform feature (i.e. stories vs. posts), and presence of emojis. Results from multilevel analyses showed that famous individuals posted more content that upheld than violated moral foundations, with an overrepresentation of care and loyalty content. On average, morally laden content represented one-fifth of the posted content, with most personalities sharing moral content at least once. No difference was observed between posts and stories. Men and athletes featured more loyalty than women, celebrities, and influencers. The representation of moral content, especially care, predicted the use of positive emojis. The theoretical implications for the long-term processes of the MIME are discussed.

Impacto de la instrucción temática: temas actuales en habilidades orales, en aprendices de inglés de 9no grado del E.E.B Presidente Velasco

Recent studies suggest that integrating trending topics into language learning positively influences students' speaking abilities. This approach enables students to engage with language in a relevant and meaningful way, aligning with their evolving interests. This study aims to investigate the impact of incorporating Theme-Based Instruction (TBI)with Trending Topics into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction, especially on the speaking skills of ninth-grade learners. The study involves 46 participants from the ninth grade at Presidente Velasco High School in La Troncal. To achieve this, a mixed-methods approach was adopted, including pre-and post-tests, surveys, interviews, and classroom observations. The findings showed significant improvement in the experimental group in vocabulary usage, pronunciation, and interaction skills compared to the control group. These results open the door to the adoption of TBI, with a focus on trending topics like famous individuals, social media, and technology, as a promising and widely applicable method for language learners in the present and future. Therefore, by exploring the effects of TBI on language proficiency, this research contributes to a more effective and enjoyable language learning experience.

퍼블리시티권(인격표지영리권)과 표현의 자유의 보호에 관한 연구

With the recent emergence of various online media with the development of information and communication technology, direct communication between people is becoming active, and not only celebrities but also ordinary individuals are likely to become famous, and it has become common for them to use their personality signs to perform various commercial activities. Unlike in the past, when it was unfamiliar to recognize economic and property values on personal signs of ordinary individuals, it is a reality that personal signs of ordinary individuals can be used profitably enough, and the need to protect the creation of economic value is emerging. Considering such a situation, it can be said that a partial amendment to the Civil Act that recognizes the right of publicity as a universal right for all ordinary individuals as well as celebrities has been announced for legislation. However, if everyone has the right of publicity, it can be argued whether many expressions using other people's personal signs violate the right of publicity which can lead to a contraction in freedom of expression. The Civil Act Amendment, which was announced by the Ministry of Justice, aims to resolve the conflict with freedom of expression in a harmonious way by stipulating that “a person who has a legitimate interest in the use of another person's personality mark can use the personality mark commercially to a reasonable extent without the permission of the personality mark for profit.” However, there is a question of whether the phrase “fair interest” can be harmonized with freedom of expression, and it is also necessary to consider specifying the scope of “fair interest” as a case of using it for current affairs reporting, reporting, broadcasting, and education. In the case of celebrities, the past position based on the possibility of accepting public figures is expected to be maintained, and in the case of ordinary individuals, the logic of the possibility of accepting public figures cannot be applied equally, but considering whether it is a violation of the right to publicity or whether it should be protected as freedom of expression, considering whether it is conducting commercial and commercial expressions by focusing on the use of personality marks of famous individuals.

Agency and role models: do they matter for adolescent girls’ sexual and reproductive health?

Despite recent declines in early childbearing in Ethiopia, improved sexual and reproductive health continues to elude many adolescent girls, partially due to constrained agency and role models. This study examined the relationship between agency, role models and two sexual and reproductive health outcomes, ideal age at childbirth and attitude towards gender-differentiated parental control, among adolescent girls in Ethiopia. Agency and role model presence were positively associated with ideal age at childbirth (β = 0.23, p < .01 and β = 0.77, p < .001, respectively). Having family members, friends or famous individuals as role models was significantly associated with an increase of 1.45 years (p < .01), 1.32 years (p < .05) and 1.01 years (p < .01) in ideal age at childbirth, respectively, compared to having no role model. Agency was positively associated with attitude towards gender-differentiated parental control of adolescent behaviors (OR = 1.18, p < .001). This study highlights the need for interventions aimed at increasing agency and providing role models for adolescent girls.

Ferdinand Hiller’s Twelve Trips to Meet Old Friends in Heaven: A Little-Known Essay in Cultural Commentary from 1881

The present article is the first published translation ever of a remarkably insightful essay, in the form of a tale, that the important mid-nineteenth-century pianist-composer-conductor Ferdinand Hiller wrote in 1881. In it he invokes thirty-eight famous individuals he knew during his lifetime: mostly musicians, but also some writers, visual artists, one great Shakespearean actor, and one legitimist (that is: monarchist, highly conservative) lawyer and politician. He knew some of the group—such as Mendelssohn, Schumann, Chopin, Berlioz, and the violinist Ferdinand David—quite well. We have annotated the essay extensively in order to bring out its richness, much of which is carried out through literary or historical allusions and careful word choice or, indeed, wordplay. Ferdinand Hiller (1811–1885) was one of the leading figures in what was often called the Leipzig School of musical composition, a loose group of largely German and Austrian musicians who looked to Mendelssohn and Schumann as their models for how to continue and extend the great achievements of Bach, Handel, Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven.

Maximizing Women's Motivation in Domains Dominated by Men: Personally Known Versus Famous Role Models.

Two studies (n = 1,522) examined the impact of role models in sport and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains where gender discrimination has resulted in a lack of high-profile women. We examined the role of gender matching of personally known and famous exemplars on women's and men's motivation. Participants nominated a woman or man in sport (Study 1) or STEM (Study 2) who was either famous or known to them personally; they then indicated the extent to which they perceived this individual to be a motivating role model. Women and men were more motivated by personally known (vs. famous) role models. For famous exemplars, both women and men were most motivated by same-gender models (Studies 1 and 2). For personally known exemplars, men were similarly motivated by same- and other-gender models (Studies 1 and 2), but women were more motivated by same-gender models in sport (Study 1). Mediation analyses indicated that personally known (vs. famous) exemplars and, for women, same- (vs. other-) gender exemplars, were perceived as more attainable future selves and consequently were more motivating (Study 2). Given that there are fewer famous women in domains dominated by men, it is important to know if women can be inspired by personally known rather than famous individuals. These studies provide insight into the kinds of exemplars that are most motivating for women and may serve as a guide for educators and other practitioners seeking to provide the best role models for girls and women in domains dominated by men. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website athttp://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843231156165.

Paul Clairmont and his connections to American surgery.

To examine the life and influences of Paul Clairmont (1875-1942). Review and analysis of published and archival information. The Clairmont family was associated with famous individuals in English literary history. Paul Clairmont himself was born, educated, and trained as a surgeon under Anton von Eiselsberg in Vienna. As a junior faculty member in 1908, he was the first general surgeon to publish a report for German readers on the remarkable progress of American surgery. Later, as Professor of Surgery in Zürich, he was a mentor to Alton Ochsner, who became a leader in the further development of surgery in the USA. Paul Clairmont's interesting life was an important link between the classical science and practice of surgery in Europe and its continuation in America.

PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AND INFLUENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TALENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER. THREE MODERN CASE STUDIES

Individuals with ASD who display savant skills are a paradox. How can individuals with ASD, who appear to be intellectually challenged in their general independence skills, display savant skills that are far more developed than those of individuals with higher intelligence? What is it about ASD that predisposes individuals with ASD to savant skills? This paper examines the lives of three famous individuals who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and possess a diverse set of well-documented savant abilities. These individuals are Kim Peek, Leslie Lemke, and Matt Savage. Apart from Matt Savage, the other two individuals who display savant skills have low cognitive abilities and are unable to perform simple daily skills. Kim Peek, for example, was unable to perform general self-care tasks, such as combing his hair or dressing.

"Новая этика": руководство для завистливых

The article under consideration makes critical analysis of the “new ethics” notion, which has become nowadays one of the most discussed terms in the Russian-speaking Internet. The authors of the publication solve the following problems: they discover psychological mechanisms, which promote popularity of the new ethics. They also regard the discussed concept as a recurrent utopian theory, which has no chances of a successful implementation. Moreover, such a theory can be more harmful than useful. Hostility, experienced and demonstrated of the new ethics supporters towards more successful and famous individuals, has envy in its roots - the feeling, which cannot be declared or even made conscious. As a result, under the cover of the fighting for justice and liberation of the oppressed groups of population, the new ethics supporters put forward the demands, which are knowingly cannot be fulfilled. Such demands, usually accompanied by a persecution in social nets, are directed against more successful and famous individuals. As far as the new ethics believes in the possibility of the ideal and impeccable social interactions, it becomes a recurrent fantasy, which cannot be realized. In general, the new ethics reflects the utopian approach towards humans and society, which is popular in the contemporary culture and humanitarian disciplines as well as in multiculturalism and feminism. The mass need for utopian theories can be explained by their correspondence to the most prevalent kinds of positive illusions, as well as the “positive” cultural slogans calling for an easy and fast realization of an individual potential. In the last part of the manuscript, the authors express hope, that their critical analysis will enable an informed individual to refrain from taking part in such movements.

Consumers' Perception towards Celebrity Endorsement Advertisements: A Quantitative Study

Celebrity endorsement (CE) is a popular strategy in advertising, where famous individuals are used to promote products or services to consumers. The rationale behind using celebrities in advertising is that their fame and popularity can influence consumers' purchasing decisions, as they may associate the celebrity's image and reputation with the product or service being promoted. However, there are concerns about the effectiveness of CE and whether it actually leads to increased sales and brand loyalty. Consumers' perceptions of CE commercials are significantly influenced by the legitimacy of the celebrity endorsement. Customers are more likely to be persuaded by the celebrity endorsement if they believe that they can trust and believe the celebrity. The effectiveness of the endorsement may suffer, though, if the celebrity's credibility is called into doubt or if they have been associated with any unpleasant or contentious incidents. The purpose of this study is to investigate how consumers feel about CE advertisements. The study looks at the variables that affect consumers' perceptions of CE, including as the celebrity endorser's authority, the perceived fit between the endorser and the product, and the consumer's level of participation with the product. The findings of this study provide insights into how consumers perceive CE advertisements and can help marketers to design more effective marketing campaigns.

Reflections by Bengt Ulf Östen Sonnerup

First, I will tell readers about memories of my graduate student days at Cornell. I will highlight some of my experiences there, and what I learned, and didn’t learn from them. Then I will then discuss a few of the research topics I have been working on over the years, including data interpretation and the tools for it, with special emphasis on the magnetopause. Aspects of MHD shocks and other structures, including boundary layers, are among those topics. I will mention a few people with whom I have worked closely and a few famous individuals, who influenced me in a significant way. The presentation contains material of potential interest to new, as well as more seasoned workers in the field. It will not always be in time order.

CREATIVITY AS A CO-REFLECTION OF REALITY

The purpose of the article is to indicate the essence of creativity. The relevance and problems of the subjects is in the impossibility of giving a clear description of what exactly is the source of the creative component of human. The analysis of these issues made it possible to establish and justify the difference between the previously identified concepts of “art” and “creativity” as well as to solve the tasks of work, that is, to find out: what is “creativity” in the full scope of its meanings; creator – author or co-author; and finally, what creativity can reveal. As a result of the study, significant differences were identified between the concepts of “art” and “creativity” and it was proved that creativity is the interaction of the human spirit with higher forces, self-improvement through the creation of something; whereas art is a unspirituality craft that is connected with human activity. Thus, art can reflect only the external form, visible reality without penetrating the depth of meanings. Creativity is an exemplary primary image - an idea that comes to the creator from outside, because creativity is directly related to spirituality, as many famous individuals in the field of literature, fine art and science spoke about – Maugham, Proust, Gide, Rilke, D?rer, Dal, Berdyaev, Soloviev. Creativity is realized through contemplation, i. e. “co-reflection”, and before a spiritual work appears, the creator gains a vision of the image, and being wingman creates a masterpiece. While art is honed by man, and is connected exclusively with the affairs of his hands.Clearly, the difference between creativity and art can be seen in English, where “create” means “growth”, and “art” means “craft”. In other words, through creativity, personality grows and develops spiritually. But this growth is impossible in art. Spirituality allows a person to see more, to comprehend unknown things for others. Like Plato’s cave story, where the external reality is only a shadow of truth. Spirituality is the comprehension of truth. Anyway, the main reality that the artist reflects and is the spiritual world, in the Bible called “the Kingdom of God”, Berdyaev and Proust called “incomprehensible reality and another world”.

1920년대 플로리다 부동산 개발 붐과 과열 투기

This paper discusses the Florida real estate bubble of the 1920s: why it started, how it was developed so suddenly and rapidly, and how it was ended. In the early stage of the boom, famous individuals such as Henry Flagler and Carl Fisher led the real estate development with the construction of resort hotels. To help their own businesses, they also initiated the construction of the two major public transportation systems: The Florida East Coast Railway and the Dixie Highway. Later, the plans for larger scale communities like Coral Gables and a planned new towns like Boca Raton drew more people into Florida as the boom reached its peak in 1925. Excessive advertisement and promotion, easy and cheap loans, and the new strategies of binder contract all induced the American public into the overheated speculation on Florida land boom. Finally, the corruptive banking industries associated with the real estate business and the supervisory authorities, as shown in the example of the Mizner Development Corporation, was responsible for the bank run and the collapse of the real estate boom.

Demystifying the Genetic Origins of the Mangalarga Horse Through the Influential Stallion Turbante J.O.

Pedigrees and horse written ancestry contain numerous inconsistencies and divergence between farm histories, owner accounts and registration records. In particular, the origins of the Brazilian Mangalarga, or “Mangalarga Paulista'' horse breed is controversial, and the breed's popular history claims that one of its most famous individuals, Turbante J.O., may have been sired by an unknown Hanoverian stallion. Turbante J.O. sired over 1678 offspring and is present in about 71% of the male pedigrees. We genotyped Turbante J.O. and 29 registered Mangalarga individuals using a commercially available ancestry service and compared genomic to pedigree-based estimates. DNA was extracted for this sire from frozen semen samples. Other breed-average genomic ancestries for the Arabian, Thoroughbred, Saddlebred, and Hanoverian were utilized for comparison. Pedigree-based inbreeding coefficient (Fped) of Turbante J.O. and the 17 other Mangalargas were analyzed, and while Turbante J.O.’s Fped is estimated to be 18.5%, the genomic-based inbreeding coefficient is 33%. Pedigree-based co-ancestry coefficients estimate that about 3% of his ancestry should reflect Thoroughbred and Arabian heritage, however, the genomic analysis of Turbante J.O. identified 100% Iberian ancestry, and 99% in common with other Mangalarga individuals followed by other autochthonous Brazilian breeds, with no evidence of Hanoverian parentage. We demonstrate higher pedigree-estimated inbreeding coefficient errors than previously reported, perhaps a result of the pedigree depth, and the ability of genomic ancestral analysis to answer questions that pedigree analyses cannot. Due to the genomic relatedness, these results may provide more detailed guidelines in maintaining genetic diversity in this breed through selective outbreeding.

Культурный код города

The article explores one of the modern trends in the semiotic analysis of the city and urban environment — the study of the cultural code of the city. In the contemporary aca­de­mic discourse, the importance of studying the cultural code of the city is growing not so much as a phenomenon but as a system of decoding and cognizing each specific city in its own con­text. This aspect is closely related to the analysis of the problem of enhancing urban identity and local patriotism, as well as identifying the unique cultural meanings of the city as part of exp­loring its image in the external environment. As the basis for the study of the cultural code of the city, it is proposed to consider the following factors encoding of urban environ­ment: a) nature and climate, b) texts, where the city is conceptualized and presented in litera­ry context, c) historical events associated with the city, d) spatial characteristics, e) symbolic relationship with famous individuals (“geniuses of place”). The process of coding is inf­luenced by other features of the city, which form economic, culinary, tourist, digital and other codes of the city, and their decoding can be carried out both on the everyday level and on the expert (academic) level. The author identifies the main ways of expressing, capturing and communicating the city’s cultural code in signs of different origin.

Storywrangler: A massive exploratorium for sociolinguistic, cultural, socioeconomic, and political timelines using Twitter.

In real time, Twitter strongly imprints world events, popular culture, and the day-to-day, recording an ever-growing compendium of language change. Vitally, and absent from many standard corpora such as books and news archives, Twitter also encodes popularity and spreading through retweets. Here, we describe Storywrangler, an ongoing curation of over 100 billion tweets containing 1 trillion 1-grams from 2008 to 2021. For each day, we break tweets into 1-, 2-, and 3-grams across 100+ languages, generating frequencies for words, hashtags, handles, numerals, symbols, and emojis. We make the dataset available through an interactive time series viewer and as downloadable time series and daily distributions. Although Storywrangler leverages Twitter data, our method of tracking dynamic changes in n-grams can be extended to any temporally evolving corpus. Illustrating the instrument's potential, we present example use cases including social amplification, the sociotechnical dynamics of famous individuals, box office success, and social unrest.

Privacy, reputation, and control: public figure privacy law in contemporary China

ABSTRACT Privacy law, as it regulates the nonconsensual disclosure of personal life, is instrumental to how reputation in human society becomes created, destroyed, and redistributed. In the contemporary Chinese society, as in elsewhere, privacy protection, and the lack thereof, have played an important role in the making of the ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’ in the society’s reputation landscape. This Article makes a systematic effort towards accounting for China’s contemporary legal regime that regulates its public figure privacy problems. Through examining leading court cases and relevant regulatory practices, this Article demonstrates that the Chinese privacy regime in the twenty-first century, as embedded in the country’s overall information regulation apparatus, differs in significant ways from the corresponding Western paradigms in terms of its operational structure, cultural logic, and political dynamics. Since the beginning of the post-Cultural Revolution era, China’s status-based privacy regime has for the most time been highly protective of government officials until they become expelled from the official ranks. It is often laissez-faire with respect to the privacy of famous individuals outside of the government system, but with notable exceptions for those enjoying an exalted status in the realm of high culture. Furthermore, it can be conspicuously hostile towards grassroot figures who aspire for the limelight. The impact such public figure privacy regime may have had on China’s reputation landscape is conceivably regressive. As this Article explains, underlying such regime is a lasting, albeit evolving, cultural tradition that tends to associate privacy protection with a hierarchical moral outlook. Notwithstanding the importance of culture, this Article further argues that China’s privacy regulation must also be understood as embedded in the country’s political context. As the status-based privacy regime produces disparate reputational consequences, it provides the state with a lever to incentivize and manage a diverse network of elites, whom the state considers as agents for upholding its political and moral authority and implementing its policy agenda. China’s privacy regime in the new millennium may thus be understood as having stemmed from an intricate political process as the state strategically responds to rising challenges from increasingly powerful and competing market and social forces over the production of information, fame, and influence.