Family Visits Research Articles

The impact of campus housing problems faced by female expatriate students on the level of their academic achievement

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the impact of campus housing problems faced by female expatriate students on their academic achievement. The study sample included 140 female students living in campus housing. The results showed that the value of the impact of campus housing problems on academic achievement reached a total weight of 7663 and a weighted relative weight of 60.82%, indicating a moderate level of impact. Psychological problems were ranked first at 35.01%, followed by social problems at 32.63%, and organizational problems at 32.3%. The study concludes several key problems faced by female expatriate students, including a lack of social support, difficult procedures for family visits and a lack of study resources within campus housing such as offices, stationery, ink, paper and printing. These problems have led to a poor level of academic achievement for female expatriate students.

454 Exploring the views of care home staff on the use of antipsychotics for people with dementia amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study

Abstract Introduction There was an increase in antipsychotic prescribing for people with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic (1). To explain this increase, the current study was conducted to explore the views of staff working in care homes for the elderly during the pandemic on the use of antipsychotics for residents with Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). Aim The aim was to explore the use of antipsychotics for people with BPSD during the COVID-19 pandemic by interviewing staff in care homes about their experiences during that time. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted online with staff working in ten UK elderly care settings using convenience sampling. Participants mainly onsite care home staff were recruited through online networks, for example, Twitter, and support groups such as CHAIN and NIHR clinical research network. Interviews were conducted between May 2021-March 2022, were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed inductively using thematic analysis in NVivo version 12. Results Ten interviews were completed with managers (n=2), care staff (n=6) and nurses (n=2) in nursing homes (n=7) and residential homes (n=3) (all were female). The first theme ‘Challenges experienced in care provision’ entails challenges experienced in the care environment; residents were confined to their rooms, activities were suspended, staff were absent and stressed, and family visits were barred. The reduced human contact affected residents’ sense of self, mental and physical wellbeing, and in turn, their behaviours. The second theme ‘Prescribing process’ refers to doctors prescribing medicines in response to staff raising concerns. The third theme ‘Attitude toward antipsychotics’ denotes participants’ positive and negative beliefs about antipsychotics. The positive beliefs included antipsychotics being the right choice and beneficial, an increased need and continued use of antipsychotics, use of a combination of medications and weighing the risks and benefits of antipsychotics. The negative beliefs included reports of adverse effects and short-term benefits of antipsychotics, antipsychotics not always beneficial, benefits in deprescribing, dislike for antipsychotics and belief antipsychotics are the last resort. Some expressed the need for antipsychotics had not increased but been driven by health professionals involved. The fourth theme ‘Other psychotropic medication’ alluded to other commonly used psychotropic medications and associated risks and benefits. The fifth theme ‘Measures implemented within care settings’ represented strategies implemented to avert the initiation or bolster antipsychotic deprescribing such as non-pharmacological approaches, nurses’ assessment of residents before requesting antipsychotics, multidisciplinary consultation, and medication review. Conclusion This is the first study that reports care home staff views on antipsychotic use for residents with dementia during the pandemic. The limitations include that only views of female respondents were obtained and the limited sample size. Care homes faced enormous challenges in the provision of care services to residents with dementia during the pandemic. The multitude of difficulties experienced in care homes due to lack of preparedness may have influenced staff to have positive views of antipsychotics and their use as an option during the pandemic. It’s important to acknowledge and address these difficulties for example through education and training interventions to help with future preparedness.

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CORRECTIONAL DATABASE SYSTEM (CDS) AT CLASS II NARCOTICSPENITENTIARY IN BANDAR LAMPUNG

The implementati o n o f the C o rrecti o nal Database System (CDS) based on the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights (Permenkumham) Number 39 of 2 0 16 aims to fulfillment of the rights of prisoners in prison. The purpose of this study are to analize the implementation of the CDS at the Class II Narcotics Penitentiary in Bandar Lampung and inhibiting factors for the implementation of the CDS at the Class II Narcotics Penitentiary in Bandar Lampung? The research using normative and juridical approach. The results of this study indicate that implementation of CDS at the Class II Narcotics Prison as an effort to ensure the fulfillment of the rights of prisoners in prisons has been implemented although it has not been maximized because inhibiting factors are still present. Implementation of CDS can help determine decisions such as in granting conditional leave, leave before release, parole, leave to visit family, because the calculation, registration and register f are included in it. These data are integrated between sections in the Class II Narcotics Prison in Bandar Lampung and are connected with other relevant agencies in fulfilling the rights of prisoners. The inhibiting factor for implementing CDS substantially is the sending of data from the Technical Implementing Unit to the Director General of Corrections which is still often illegible. In addition, there are still some prisoners whose files are incomplete from the Police and the Prosecutor's office which makes the remission proposal impossible. The technical obstacle is the unstable internet network so that it becomes an obstacle in providing services to the inmates. Keywords: Implementation of CDS, Rights, Prisoners.

Positive and negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on families of young children in rural Colombia and implications for child outcome research.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of children and families worldwide. The objective of this study is to examine exposures and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on preschool-aged children and caregivers in the Atlántico region of Colombia. The COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scales (CEFIS) questionnaire was administered in Fall 2021 to 63 caregivers of children in Sabanalarga, Colombia enrolled in a neurodevelopment study as healthy controls. The CEFIS assesses pandemic-related exposures/events and impact; higher scores indicate greater exposure and negative impact. Descriptive and correlation analyses among exposure and impact scores were conducted. Caregivers reported a mean (standard deviation[SD]) of 11.1 (3.2) among 25 COVID-19-related exposures/events; most common types included stay-at-home orders, school closures, disruptions to living conditions and income loss. Total number of events was correlated with higher caregiver (P < .001) and child distress (P = .002). However, the mean (SD) impact score of 2.0 (0.6) suggests a trend toward more positive impact than negative. Caregivers reported improvements to sleep, exercise and family interactions. Some caregivers (n = 21) qualitatively reported negative effects including unemployment, fear/anxiety and inability to visit family, and positive effects such as unification, family closeness and spending more time with children. This study highlights the importance of comprehensively exploring positive and negative impacts of COVID-19 and families' subsequent resilience and transformation. Using tools like the CEFIS, those seeking to mitigate negative impacts can contextualize data to better understand study outcomes and tailor services, resources and policy to families' unique needs. CEFIS data likely depend on timing, economic/public health resources and cultural values; future work should prioritize understanding the generalizability of CEFIS findings across samples.

Developing and Evaluating a Novel Educational Intensive Care Unit Wall Map

Developing and Evaluating a Novel Educational Intensive Care Unit Wall Map

Emphasis on Post-ICU Syndrome

With the development of technology and medicine, the mortality rate of intensive care unit (ICU) has declined significantly, and more and more professionals in the medical field are also aware that the disability rate of ICU survivors remains high. More than 70% of ICU survivors have Post-ICU Syndrome (PICS), which is mainly manifested by cognitive, physical, and mental dysfunction, which seriously affects the quality of life of survivors and their caregivers. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a series of problems such as shortage of medical staff, restricted family visits, and lack of personalized care, which have brought unprecedented challenges to the prevention of PICS and the care of patients with severe COVID-19. In the future, the treatment of ICU patients should change from reducing short-term mortality to improving long-term quality of life of patients, from disease-centered to health-centered, and to practice " the health promotion, the prevention, the diagnosis, the control, the treatment, and the rehabilitation " six-in-one concept to promote comprehensive health care with pulmonary rehabilitation.

Ethical Guidance on Family Caregiving, Support, and Visitation in Hospitals and Residential Health Care Facilities, Including During Public Health Emergencies: an American College of Physicians Position Paper.

Public health emergencies create challenges for the accommodation of visitors to hospitals and other care facilities. To mitigate the spread of COVID-19 early in the pandemic, health care institutions implemented severe visitor restrictions, many remaining in place more than 2years, producing serious unintended harms. Visitor restrictions have been associated with social isolation and loneliness, worse physical and mental health outcomes, impaired or delayed decision-making, and dying alone. Patients with disabilities, communication challenges, and cognitive or psychiatric impairments are particularly vulnerable without caregiver presence. This paper critically examines the justifications for, and harms imposed by, visitor restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic and offers ethical guidance on family caregiving, support, and visitation during public health emergencies. Visitation policies must be guided by ethical principles; incorporate the best available scientific evidence; recognize the invaluable roles of caregivers and loved ones; and involve relevant stakeholders, including physicians, who have an ethical duty to advocate for patients and families during public health crises. Visitor policies should be promptly revised as new evidence emerges regarding benefits and risks in order to prevent avoidable harms.

Investigating Relations between the NICU Speech Environment and Weight Gain in Infants Born Very Preterm.

Children born preterm, especially those born very preterm (<32 weeks of gestational age [GA]) are at risk for poor growth and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Adverse growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm children have been attributed, in part, to the aversive sounds and relative speech paucity of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Experimental studies that directly expose preterm infants to speech sounds in the NICU find significant improvements in health factors relevant to neurodevelopment. Few studies have examined whether natural variations in the speech environment of the NICU are related to short-term health outcomes in preterm infants. Such data are important for optimizing the sound environment of the NICU. Our objective was to examine relations between the NICU speech environment and the rate of weight gain during hospitalization. Participants were infants born very preterm (n = 20). The speech environment of each infant was assessed at 32 to 36 weeks of postmenstrual age using an automatic speech-counting device. Average rates of weight gain (g/kg/d) were ascertained over the same period. Calories were derived from charted intake (kcals/kg/d). Linear regressions examined caloric intake and speech counts as predictors of infant weight gain. Infant weight gain was significantly predicted by caloric intake and speech exposure, each uniquely accounting for approximately 27% variance (total R 2 = 60.2%; p < 0.001). Speech counts were uncorrelated with rates of family visitation, time in incubator, or health acuity. While future research should establish causality and direction of effects, enhancing speech exposure in the NICU may be beneficial for physical growth. NICU care plans should consider opportunities to increase speech exposure. · Preterm infants who experienced greater amounts of speech in the NICU gained significantly more weight than preterm infants who were exposed to lower amounts of speech during the same developmental period (32-36 weeks of postmenstrual age).. · Caloric intake and speech counts accounted for almost 60% of variance in infant weight gain between 32 and 36 weeks of postmenstrual age.. · Speech counts were not significantly correlated with family visitation, how long infants resided in incubators, or health acuity.. · Findings suggest that the NICU speech environment may play an important role in the physical health of preterm infants; however, more studies are needed to determine the directionality of the observed associations..

“What will the next five years bring me?”: Shulamit Pilitovski’s personal diary, Lithuania–Jerusalem, 1936–1939

ABSTRACT This article explores the diary of Shulamit Pilitovski, a young Jewish woman from the small town of Lazdiaji, Lithuania, who studied at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem between 1936 and 1939. The diary was written in Yiddish and later in Hebrew and dealt with the political, social, and personal affairs of that period. After graduating, she went back home for a family visit on the eve of The Second World War and could not return. She was murdered in the Vilna Ghetto in 1941. The diary, which survived in Jerusalem and had been buried in an archive for decades, is written in beautiful poetic language and in a sincere manner reflecting the events of the time from a uniquely personal viewpoint.

Virtual Care Across the Neonatal Intensive Care Continuum.

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for establishing effective parent and family engagement throughout all aspects of medicine. Though there has been some discussion in the literature regarding the transition from typical outpatient visits to telehealth visits, there has been less written about the inpatient approach to family inclusion. Here, we seek to describe our institution's experience with implementing virtual medicine across the full continuum of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) experience, including inpatient rounding, child life family visits, and outpatient high-risk developmental follow-up after discharge.

Gendered differences in family reunion motivations, female-breadwinning status and spousal gender relations in young African migrant households in Hong Kong

Purpose Little is known about gender relations in young African migrant families residing in Hong Kong (HK). This study aims to present a first-hand account of daily lived experiences of African international doctoral student couples residing in HK, with special emphases on their Africa–HK migratory motivations, perceptions of female-breadwinning status, the effects of HK Immigration policy on marital power structures and the influence of spousal relative statuses (“breadwinner” versus “dependent”) on couples gender role performances and decision-making participations. Design/methodology/approach This study used ethnographic method involving several indoor family visits, non-participant observations and 21 in-depth interviews in six African student families. Fieldnotes were taken and interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and interpreted using thematic content analysis. Findings Couples, especially dependent men, had a hard time deciding to migrate to HK for family reunion, unlike dependent women who willingly resigned to join their husbands in HK. Among the male dependents, the main reasons for migrating included anticipated economic returns, while women migrated in response to neolocal cultural expectations. Overall, patriarchy persisted – while men had the final say over key household decision-making domains, women remained primary performers of household chores, but manifested little bargaining power, restraining husband’s ability to spend family income when they are the family’s sole-earners. Women’s relative breadwinning status had very minimal significant impact. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to examine the effects of HK’s immigration policy on married African students’ migration motivations and the effects of female-breadwinning status on spousal gender relations in HK’s African student migrant households.

Clinician perceptions of the impact of ICU family visiting restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international investigation

PurposeTo guarantee the safety of the public, clinicians and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital visits were severely restricted internationally. There are limited data on the precise impact of these visiting restrictions on Intensive Care Unit clinicians. Our objectives therefore were to explore the impact of family visitation restrictions on clinicians and care delivery and describe innovation alongside areas for potential improvement.MethodsA qualitative approach using focus groups was employed. We recruited members of the multi-disciplinary team from Spain, France and the UK. Framework analysis was used to synthesize and interpret data.ResultsIn total, 28 staff from multiple international sites contributed to data across six focus groups: 12 from the UK, 9 from France and 7 from Spain. In relation to the key aims, we derived four themes: the emergence of new technologies, relationships and rapport establishment, communication challenges and end-of-life care provision. Across each theme, the overarching concepts of clinician emotional exhaustion and emotional distress emerged alongside the negative impact on job satisfaction.ConclusionThe impact of COVID-19 family visitation restrictions is far reaching. Future research should examine the wider impact of family presence in the ICU.

Analyzing the Effects of Family Presence and Visitation Restrictions During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Nurse Leaders and Non-Nurse Leaders.

This analysis seeks to identify the effect of family presence and visitation during COVID-19 pandemic among nurses and nurse leaders. Visitation restrictions were widespread during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic and were a potential source of distress for nurses. Few studies have examined sources of distress, such as visitation restrictions, among nurse leaders and non-nurse leaders. Secondary analysis was performed using a national survey of nurses conducted by the American Nurses Foundation. More nurse leaders than nonleaders reported that nurses were involved in policy decisions/discussions and that visitation restrictions created additional burdens. There was similar level of agreement among nurse leaders and nonleaders that restrictions were not in the best interest of the patients. Many nurses reported the restrictions impacted their own well-being. Visitation restrictions were a likely source of distress. Improvements to communication, planning, and transparency should be considered in preparation for future emergencies that may require visitation restrictions.

Factors related to motivation and barriers influencing treatment and recovery process of methamphetamine use disorder through in-depth, semi-structured, qualitative interviews

ABSTRACT Objective Inpatients with substance use disorders often go unheard. Through qualitative interviews, this study lends voice to their views and beliefs about the factors that affect their recovery. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted from February 10 to 11, 2020 with 15 in- patients with methamphetamine use disorder residing at the Marikina Rehabilitation Center in the Philippines. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were thematically analyzed to determine the factors that promote and hinder methamphetamine use disorder treatment and recovery. Results We identified six barriers to recovery: homesickness, lack of family visitation and support, fear of treatment, financial stress, social stigma and criticism, and boredom. Four motivating factors that influenced treatment and recovery included the therapeutic community treatment program, familial relationships, and visitations, belief in God, and hope. Conclusions A treatment integration program that combines psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as strong familial support, is imperative for patients’ recovery from methamphetamine use disorder.

Education and training for infection prevention and control provided by long-term care homes to family caregivers: a scoping review protocol.

The objective of this review is to map the infection prevention and control education and training that long-term care homes use with families during a pandemic or infectious outbreak. During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions were imposed on visits to long-term care homes to decrease the risk of virus transmission. These restrictions had negative consequences for both residents and families. A scoping review of infection prevention and control education and training used with families will inform family visitation practices and policies during future infectious outbreaks. This review will examine literature describing infection prevention and control education and training provided to families in long-term care homes. Research and narrative papers, including experimental, quasi-experimental, descriptive observational quantitative and qualitative studies, reviews, text, policy, and opinion papers, will be considered for inclusion. A 3-step approach will be followed, in line with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Published literature will be searched for in databases including CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, MEDLINE, and AgeLine. Published and unpublished papers will be considered from 1990 to the present, in English or in French. The World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control, and the Public Health Agency of Canada websites will be searched for unpublished and gray literature. Two authors will independently review and assess studies for inclusion and extract the data. The findings will be charted in a narrative summary and tables.

To the Brighter Side. New Tendencies in Erecting Statues of Bodhisattva Jizō in Japanese Buddhist Temples

Japan is a predominantly atheistic country, however, Buddhism is still keeping its influence on society. Firstly, funerals are mostly performed according to the Buddhist ritual. Secondly, several times a year the majority of Japanese families visit their relatives’s graves in cemeteries, belonging to Buddhist temples. As a result, Buddhism is associated first of all with death and funeral. Buddhist priests try to make the image of Buddhism brighter in many ways. In this article, we will look at one of these ways – erecting statues that depict simultaneously the beloved bodhisattva Jizo, the priests themselves, visitors and the dead relatives.

Repercussions imposed by the pandemic on the care for children with mental disorders in a pediatric unit.

To understand the perceptions of nurses about the repercussions on the care for children with mental disorders in a pediatric inpatient unit amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative research conducted with 13 nurses in a general pediatrics unit in a large hospital in southern Brazil. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed according to the Thematic Analysis. Respondents perceived repercussions on hospital routines due to the pandemic, such as restriction of recreation activities; enforcement of social distancing; limitation of family visits; mandatory use of personal protective equipment and difficulty in counter-referral of care. The results characterized the moment experienced in the unit, providing the institution's managers with tools for the construction and implementation of new practices, making it possible to meet the demands of mental health care for children with mental disorders within the premises of psychosocial care.

The beliefs and attitudes of intensive care unit nurses and patient families regarding an open visitation policy in China.

To investigate the beliefs and attitudes of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses and patients' family members towards an open visitation policy in the ICU in China and to explore the reasons that promote or hinder open visitation to improve visitation policy. Open visitation policies are widely recommended in many countries. However, there are gaps between evidence and practice. Most ICUs in China still use a restrictive policy for family visits, which raises controversy. There are limited visiting times, and family visitors are not allowed to enter the ICU. A multicentre survey was conducted in seven hospitals in China. The Beliefs and Attitudes towards Visitation in the Intensive Care Unit Questionnaire (BAVIQ) was administered to ICU nurses and patient families from 11 the ICUs of seven hospitals. A total of 275 questionnaires were completed and returned by ICU nurses and 139 by patients' family members. Among nurses, the belief scale score was 2.87 ± 0.33 (range 2-4), and the attitude scale score was 5.53 ± 1.12 (range 2.33-7). The belief scale was divided into three subscales: nurses, patients, and patients' families. The subscale score for patients' families was the highest, and the nurses' subscale score was the lowest. Most (84.0%) of the nurses were satisfied with the current ICU visitation policy. The belief and attitude scores were 3.13 ± 0.39 (range 1.96-4) and 6.18 ± 1.20 (range 1.67-7), respectively, for family members. The scores of the three subscales, that is, patients, patients' families and nurses, were 3.13 ± 0.40, 3.26 ± 0.43, and 3.04 ± 0.49, respectively. Nurses' beliefs and attitudes towards implementing an open visitation policy in China are at a less positive level than those of patient family members. The beliefs and attitudes of nurses towards open visitation policy in China need to be improved. The question of how to mobilize nurses' enthusiasm for an open visitation policy poses a challenge for ICU management.

DRASTIC EFFECTS OF WESTERN FAMILY LIFE ON PAKISTANI FAMILY SYSTEM AND ITS SOLUTION IN QUR’ANIC PERSPECTIVE

Human beings are naturally social specie. They depend on each other, in day to day life. Such may be material necessities or simple moral support. Nevertheless, there is nothing stronger than family bound. Islam signifies the importance of family. Family is the foundation of human society. Islam believes families, to be at the heart of Muslim community. Allah created family life to keep society together. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) married and remained in family system. Islam believes in collective life, which is not possible without family system. No one can deny that western world is strongly in clutches of premarital sex at is the early age of puberty, cohabitation in name of relationship, illegitimacy on kids, divorce is no more considered as bad, same sex marriage, encouraging old age homes and parent’s loss control of kids once get major. Kids are no more under the supervision of fatherhood. Families give stability, security, cooperation, love and support for each member of family, however, west has lost such values. Islam promotes to follow the commands of Almighty Allah, within the limits so prescribed. In contrary, no such limits for non-Muslims, hence, in the west, the citizen has the choice to lead life as per his/her ambition. It is not a secret that the British remained in subcontinent for a substantial period of time. They also introduced their cultural values including family life. It should not be out of sight that the cultural values and other traditions in respect of family life, has not vanished after their departure from the subcontinent. Another aspect in the issue is that due to the phenomena of globalization, the cultural amalgamation of the western life in our society has been very easy. We are living in the modern era, where the world has become global village. The distance of the world is no more than a click. Excess to modern technology has made the contact so easy that one can access any one in other corner of the world in seconds. Such contacts have made the amalgamation of the world culture. Joint family system has been the trademark of our society, however due to the introduction of Western family life through various moods, has changed that to individuality. It is also noticed that the drastic impacts of Western family life, also resulted in the increase of rate divorce in our society. Even, the homemade food has now been converted into the hoteling. It has not been a very far story, that when guest used to visit families in our society, there used to be proper arrangements before their arrivals, however these days due to the western Civilization introduction, converted on to home delivery services. The important question in the context is how to cope with the situation, to avoid negative impacts of Western family life and Civilization in our society. We being Muslims are governed by the Holy Quran and the life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Every aspect of life including family life is being prescribed, guided with details by Holy Quran and the Holy prophet (PBUH). We have no other alternative to avoid the negative impacts of the Western family life, but to adopt the life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). We have to adopt the values that govern the life of a Muslim that being as husband, wife, father, son, daughter or any other member of the family. We have to make the youth to understand that the glory of this world and hereafter, go to follow the teachings of Islam. The social media, electronic and print media have to be scrutinized in such a way, so that to avoid its negative impacts on the youth. Serious measures are to be adopted to protect family values from the negative impacts of western culture.

Women Empowerment and Demand for Sexual and Reproductive Health Services

We analyze the effect of women's empowerment on their demand for reproductive and sexual health services. In particular, we explore their use of modern contraceptive methods, if the women have had an HIV screening and if they have made a health consultation after experiencing symptoms of sexually transmitted infections. We calculate four women empowerment indexes, proxies to the economic dimension of empowerment, the freedom of movement to visit family or friends, the respect of their couple to their opinions, wishes and rights, and the ability of women to decide about their health. We found that freedom of movement for women at a medium level increases the probability of using modern contraceptive methods as well as screening for HIV/AIDS and that the couple's respect for the views and rights of women positively influences the use of modern contraceptive methods. However, women´s autonomy to make decisions regarding their health is the empowerment indicator with the most robust results on the use of sexual and reproductive health services, increasing the probability of using modern contraceptive methods and consulting for STI symptoms.