Publicly funded home care is pivotal in supporting ageing in place across high-income health systems. Home care delivery models vary in funding, governance, and service delivery. The scope, distribution, and comparability of evaluation evidence is limited. To map and characterise models of publicly funded home care for community-dwelling older adults across six high-income countries: Canada, England, Denmark, Sweden, Australia, and New Zealand, and to synthesise available evaluation evidence related to model characteristics, quality, patient and family satisfaction, integration with health and social care, and equity-relevant considerations. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with JBI methodology and reported following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL were searched from 2005 onwards, alongside targeted grey literature searches. Data meeting the inclusion criteria were extracted and synthesised using qualitative content analysis. An equity lens was applied using the PROGRESS-Plus framework, and SAGER guidelines. Nineteen sources were included, comprising 14 peer-reviewed studies and five grey literature documents. Five models of publicly funded home care were identified: (1) provincially/territorially organized home care in Canada, where models vary by jurisdiction and level of integration; (2) the National Home Care Packages Program in Australia organized around consumer directed care; (3) the Universal Welfare Model managed municipally in Denmark and Sweden; (4) Cash for Care/Direct Payments in England; and (5) nationally framed Home and Community Support Services in New Zealand. Characteristics most common across models were public funding and professional as well as support services. Across models, evaluation evidence was unevenly distributed and largely descriptive, with relational aspects of care and workforce conditions prominent in reported experiences, and equity-relevant characteristics inconsistently reported. This scoping review charts the models of publicly funded home care across six high-income countries and identifies gaps in the evidence. The findings underscore the need for consistent and comparative evaluation of home care models as population ageing and policy attention to integrated people-centred care intensifies.

Hypodermoclysis is an alternative for hydrating children with difficult venous access. This study aimed to map the literature on its use for fluid administration in neonates, infants, and children up to 12 years old in hospital settings. A scoping review was conducted on December 4, 2024, and updated on July 25, 2025, in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Primary studies on hospitalized children (0 to 12y) receiving fluids through hypodermoclysis were included. Two reviewers independently screened the articles. Ten studies, published between 1950 and 2025, were conducted in emergency, inpatient, and palliative care settings. The most used fluid was 0.9% sodium chloride; hyaluronidase was used in 8 studies. Outcomes most frequently assessed were safety (n=8), efficacy/effectiveness (n=4), and ease of use/comfort/satisfaction (n=3). The data demonstrate that hypodermoclysis is safe, with expected local adverse effects related to subcutaneous administration and rare severe local or systemic adverse effects. Moreover, dehydrated patients were successfully treated using this technique. The studies also indicate that hypodermoclysis is simple to perform, well accepted by health care professionals, facilitates parenteral rehydration with fewer needle insertions, and is satisfactory to caregivers. Hypodermoclysis appears to be a safe, effective, and well-accepted option for pediatric dehydration. Its incorporation into pediatric clinical protocols may reduce the need for repeated venipuncture and associated distress, thereby improving patient comfort and family satisfaction.

Sleep disturbance and pain are common sources of distress in terminally ill patients receiving palliative care, and nighttime ward noise is a modifiable environmental factor that may aggravate both symptoms. This study evaluated the effect of a nurse-led, individualized noise nursing intervention on sleep comfort and pain relief in terminally ill patients receiving palliative care, with the aim of providing practical evidence for comfort-oriented nursing care. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using existing clinical and nursing records of 163 terminally ill patients admitted to the palliative care ward of our hospital from March 2024 to August 2025. Patients were divided into an observation group (n = 89) and a control group (n = 74) according to the nursing methods received. The control group received routine palliative care combined with standardized noise nursing, while the observation group received nurse-led individualized noise nursing in addition to the routine care. The average intervention period was 4 weeks for both groups. Indicators related to sleep comfort, pain status, and noise interference were compared between the two groups. After the intervention, the observation group showed greater improvements in sleep comfort, pain-related indicators, and noise interference indices compared to the control group. The observation group also had higher scores for nursing compliance and family satisfaction, along with better quality of life and a lower incidence of adverse events. All between-group differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Among terminally ill patients receiving palliative care, a nurse-led, individualized noise nursing program is associated with improved sleep comfort and better pain-related outcomes. During the intervention period, patients show better adherence to nursing measures, and family satisfaction increases.

Most studies confirm the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in alleviating pain and fear during pediatric venipuncture, with limited evidence regarding physiological stress markers and dynamic assessment. This study aims to investigate the effects of VR technology on pain, fear, and physiological responses in children, as well as family satisfaction during intravenous cannulation. This single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Pediatrics Department of Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. A total of 188 children requiring intravenous cannulation procedures and their families were allocated into: the control group (n = 96), which received the conventional verbal comfort; and the experimental group (n = 92), which wore VR headsets. The primary outcomes were dynamic fear/pain scores assessed by nurses and self-reported by patients, which were surveyed using the Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale (CEMS) and the Children's Fear Scale (CFS)/the Face, Legs, Activity, Crying, and Consolability scale (FLACC) and the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (Wong-Baker), respectively. The secondary outcomes were dynamic heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) measurement, and family satisfaction levels. The pre-specified time points were pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, at tourniquet application, at venipuncture, and one minute after venipuncture. Results were reported following the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials 2025 guidelines. VR significantly reduced children's fear at two pre-venipuncture time points (nurse-assessed CEMS and child-reported CFS; partial η2 = 0.072 and 0.053, both p < 0.05). There were no significant group effects in nurse-assessed FLACC and child-reported Wong-Baker pain scores across three venipuncture time points. However, a significant time-by-group interaction was observed for nurse-assessed FLACC scores (partial η2 = 0.028, p = 0.006). Notably, nurse-assessed FLACC scores were lower than child-reported Wong-Baker scores in both control and experimental groups (Mean Diff.=-1.04 to -2.10, all p < 0.001). The dynamic changes in HR and SpO2 across five time points were lower within the experimental group (partial η2 = 0.106 and 0.045, both p < 0.01). Partial correlation analysis revealed that family satisfaction responded to children's pain, fear, and physiological stress in a "process-sensitive" pattern in the control group but an "outcome-oriented" pattern in the experimental group. In this trial, VR distraction effectively reduced procedural fear (but not pain) during venipuncture. However, the nurse assessment appears to suggest that the effects of VR distraction and conventional intervention on pain experience may vary over time. These findings underscore the importance of multidimensional pain/fear assessment in pediatrics. Our study confirms that VR distraction can significantly reduce fear in children undergoing intravenous cannulation, though pain scores were not significantly lowered. Multidimensional assessment (including subjective fear measures) is therefore important. VR may improve the patient and family experience of painful procedures. We recommend further trials with larger samples to confirm these findings and refine VR interventions. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2500113849 (Registration Date: Dec. 3, 2025; Retrospectively registered).

BackgroundPediatric nurses play pillar roles in providing continuous, holistic care for critically ill children. Hence, family satisfaction and nursing care competencies have surfaced as critical channels of quality of care in pediatric intensive care units.AimThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between children’s family satisfaction and nursing care competencies in Pediatric Intensive Care Units.MethodsA cross-sectional correlational research design was conducted in five pediatric intensive care units at children’s hospitals related to different health sectors in Alexandria. A convenient sample of 150 pediatric critical care nurses who provided direct care for critically ill children in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) and 218 families of critically ill children. The children’s socio-demographic and clinical data record, the pediatric family satisfaction with care in the intensive care unit questionnaire, and the nurse professional competence scale-short version were used to collect data.ResultsThe findings of the study showed that the mean score of overall pFS-ICU was 80.0 ± 5.75 and the mean score of overall NPC-SV was 101.75 ± 19.66. Additionally, a significant strong positive correlation was reported between the overall NPC-SV and overall families’ satisfaction (r = 0.656, p < 0.001).ConclusionFamily satisfaction in the PICU is strongly influenced by nurses’ medical and technical competence and their ability to deliver well-organized, accurately documented care. While interpersonal, educational, and leadership competencies remain essential components of holistic nursing practice.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12912-026-04850-2.

To explore the association between an optimised emergency procedure combined with structured health education and anxiety, depression and treatment outcomes in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 114 AIS patients admitted to our stroke centre between January and December 2023. On the basis of the admission timeframe, patients were divided into a conventional care group (n = 57, January to June 2023, routine care) and a comprehensive nursing group (n = 57, July to December 2023, optimised integrated care). Emergency nursing outcomes were assessed after stabilisation and before ward transfer. Neurological recovery was assessed with the European Stroke Scale (ESS); anxiety and depression were assessed with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) as primary psychological indicators. Process times and nursing satisfaction were also evaluated. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0. Normality was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Normally distributed data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analysed using an independent samples t-test, whereas non-normal data were expressed as median (interquartile range) and analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical data were analysed using chi-square test. Multivariate linear and logistic regression were used to analyse indicators such as neurological function and nursing satisfaction, adjusting for confounding factors. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Compared with the conventional care group, the waiting time, diagnosis time, emergency room waiting time and recanalisation time of patients in the comprehensive nursing group were significantly shortened (p < 0.05). The degree of improvement in ESS (∆ESS) in the comprehensive nursing group was significantly higher, and the reductions in GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores were also significantly greater (p < 0.05). Patient and family satisfaction in the comprehensive nursing group were significantly higher than those in the conventional care group (p < 0.05). Through multivariate linear regression analysis, with baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, time from onset to visit, hypertension and diabetes as adjustment factors, allocation to the comprehensive nursing group was still significantly correlated with ∆ESS (β [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 8.15 [5.72 to 10.58], p < 0.001), ∆GAD-7 (β [95% CI] = -2.18 [-2.92 to -1.44], p < 0.001), and ∆PHQ-9 (β [95% CI] = -2.65 [-3.32 to -1.98], p < 0.001). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for the above confounding factors, inclusion in the comprehensive nursing group was independently associated with a significantly higher likelihood of obtaining a satisfactory nursing evaluation (adjusted OR = 8.915, 95% CI: 2.453 to 32.468, p = 0.001). The integrated model is associated with shorter treatment times, better neurological recovery, reduced anxiety and depression and higher satisfaction in AIS patients, providing preliminary evidence for a patientcentred comprehensive emergency care model.

Critical care patients face varying degrees of physical and psychological stress; in recent decades, the increasing focus on technologies and clinical processes has led to dehumanisation. In contrast, humanistic care has been introduced as an essential care paradigm, emphasising comprehensive care and considering all stakeholders in the care process (patient, family and staff). In addition to improving clinical outcomes, this approach focuses on family satisfaction, preserving the human dignity of patients and reducing the incidence of acute cognitive disorders such as delirium; therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of humanistic care on these three key areas in the intensive care unit (ICU). This non-randomised clinical trial was performed in the ICU. There are two distinct groups (194 patients)-a control group that receives usual care and an intervention group that receives both usual care and a set of targeted interventions based on the seven components of the Humanising Intensive Care (HU-CI) model ('open-door ICU', 'communication', 'patient well-being', 'caring for professionals', 'post-ICU syndrome', 'end-of-life care' and 'humanised infrastructure') for three main groups including healthcare personnel, patients and their families. The primary outcome is delirium (Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit tool), and secondary outcomes are family satisfaction (Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Units Questionnaire) and human dignity (Patient Dignity Inventory). Finally, the data will be analysed through STATA V.18 software using the statistical methods of independent t-test or its non-parametrical equivalent, χ2 or Fisher's exact tests, Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis tests, multivariate binary logistic regression models or analysis of covariance, and non-linear mixed models. The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Ethical code: IR.TUMS.FNM.REC.1404.086). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The data will be shared on reasonable request to the corresponding author. IRCT registration number: IRCT20250727066651N1. Registration date: 30 July 2025.

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether a doctor-led interdisciplinary intervention integrating immersive virtual reality (VR) panoramic preview and interactive medical games is associated with reduced perioperative fear and anxiety, improved medical compliance, and enhanced parental satisfaction in children aged 5–12 years undergoing elective pediatric urological surgery.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on 120 eligible children treated between January and December 2024. Participants were divided into a control group receiving conventional preoperative education and nursing care (n=60) and a research group receiving additional VR and medical game intervention (n=60). Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance potential baseline confounding factors. Fear was assessed with the Children’s Medical Fear Scale (CMFS) (0–4 points per item, 5-level scoring, Cronbach’s α=0.852). Anxiety was measured with the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale–Short Version (SCAS-S) (1–4 points per item, 4-level scoring, Cronbach’s α=0.83). Medical compliance and parental satisfaction were also evaluated as secondary outcomes.ResultsAfter intervention, the research group demonstrated significantly lower CMFS (18.5±3.2 vs. 25.8±4.5) and SCAS-S (22.3±4.1 vs. 30.7±5.3) scores, higher medical compliance rate (93.3% vs. 75.0%), and greater parental satisfaction compared with the control group (all P<0.05).ConclusionThe doctor-led combined VR and medical game intervention is associated with reduced perioperative fear and anxiety, improved medical compliance, and enhanced family satisfaction, showing promising clinical value for perioperative psychological management in pediatric urological surgery.

To explore the value of centralized nursing management based on risk prevention and control in bronchoscopy intervention therapy. In this single-center retrospective comparative study, the clinical data from 200 pediatric patients undergoing bronchoscopy intervention in Children's Hospital of Hebei Province from January 2023 to December 2024 was conducted. The patients were divided into two groups according to the nursing plan. The control group received routine nursing care, while the study group received centralized nursing management based on risk prevention and control. Both groups received one week of intervention. Treatment compliance was compared using Chi-square, while vital signs were compared using t-test. The treatment compliance of the study group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, the vital signs of the study group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). The number of bronchoscopic procedures, hospitalization costs, and length of hospital stay were lower in the study group than in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications was numerically lower and family satisfaction was numerically higher in the study group than in the control group, although these findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the small number of events. Centralized nursing management based on risk prevention and control was associated with improvements in selected short-term outcomes, including treatment compliance, vital-sign stability, and healthcare resource utilization, in children undergoing bronchoscopic interventional therapy.

Admission predictors of post-intensive care syndrome family among caregivers of ICU survivors: A secondary analysis.

This research investigates the impact of responsible leadership on employee satisfaction in selected public sector organizations, with a particular focus on the mediating role of work-life balance. Based on six hypotheses formulated after a review of the literature, data were collected from a sample of 402 working mothers in selected public sector organizations in Ghana. Results from data analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) indicate that responsible leadership influences job satisfaction both directly and indirectly. However, responsible leadership affects family satisfaction only indirectly through the mediation of work-life balance. The study underscores the importance of work-life balance in promoting both job and family satisfaction. The findings have implications for human resource development professionals and other leaders in the public sector.

The Catalan Government established in 2017 the creation of Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment teams (CRHT) as an alternative treatment for psychiatric crises in the community. Since then, different programs have been developed with great heterogeneity. The following study evaluates a CRHT program in terms of Patient Reported Outcomes Measures and helps creating a homogeneous model. We conducted a quasi-experimental study of the patients attending the CRHT during 2021. Patients were assessed on admission and at discharge. Demographic, clinical and functional variables were considered as well as satisfaction and family burden. Primary outcome variables were analyzed in 175 patients by intention-to-treat (ITT) as well as per protocol (PP) in 161 patients. The Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) mean decreased 4.2 points whereas The Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF) improved 13 points. The mean difference in The EuroQoL-5D-3L Health Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) was 0,05. The Positive and Negative Syndrome scale (PANSS) mean was reduced by 16 points in the patients with psychosis. 137 patients reported depressive symptoms. The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) scale was assessed in 135 caregivers, of whom 60% had low or any burden. Satisfaction levels were considered in 92 patients and their caregivers, with a total mean of 28,7 in the Encuesta de satisfacción con los servicios de atención domiciliaria (SATISFAD) scale. The program has proved its effectiveness in resolving crisis with an improvement in clinical, functional and social aspects. Changes in the HoNOS, the GAF and the PANSS scale were significant, whereas the increase in quality of life was less relevant. It resulted remarkable the high prevalence of depressive symptoms, even with no diagnostic for depression. The perceived satisfaction of patients and families was notorious, with low levels of burden.

Parenting adolescents with rare diseases: representations of youth strengths and difficulties and perceived parental competence.

Quality of life and gender identity in females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia after genital restoration surgery: A single-center experience.

Addressing disorders of consciousness (DOC) secondary to acquired brain injury (ABI) remains challenging in neurorehabilitation. Median nerve electrical stimulation (MNES) is a noninvasive therapeutic option, but its benefits as monotherapy are restricted. The auricular intradermal needle, a prolonged-stimulation traditional Chinese medicine technique, has not been assessed for consciousness restoration. This study examined the safety and effectiveness of combining MNES with auricular needling for patients with DOC post-ABI. This randomized controlled trial enrolled 116 patients with DOC (GCS 4-8), randomly assigned to a treatment group (n = 58, standard care + MNES + auricular intradermal needling) or a comparison group (n = 58, standard care + MNES). MNES was administered twice daily for 60min per session; auricular needles were embedded for 3days (three pressings/day), with the total protocol spanning 11days. Primary outcome was Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) score, evaluated at 4weeks postintervention and 3months post-ABI. Secondary outcomes included GCS score, awakening rate, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score, and family satisfaction. Intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis showed that the experimental group had a significantly greater CRS-R score increase than controls at 4weeks (mean difference: 1.62, P = 0.022) and 3months (mean difference: 2.05, P = 0.006). All secondary outcomes differed significantly: higher GCS scores, higher awakening rates (48.28% vs. 27.59% at 4weeks; 62.07% vs. 41.38% at 3months), more favorable GOS outcomes (4-5: 55.17% vs. 31.03%), and improved family satisfaction. No serious treatment-related adverse events occurred. Integrating MNES with auricular intradermal needle enhances therapeutic outcomes for DOC following ABI, proving more effective than MNES alone in promoting consciousness recovery and neurological improvement without compromising safety. This complementary method represents a viable and promising advancement in noninvasive DOC management. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT07273864.

Although many studies have assessed the effects of union dissolution on access to economic resources, few have analyzed changes in other domains of women’s quality of life that might be affected when couple separation occurs in households with small children. This study analyzes the effects of union dissolution on economic and subjective well-being, time use and household workload, empowerment, and attitudes toward gender norms among custodial mothers. The study uses two waves of an official longitudinal study that followed Uruguayan households with children ages 0–3 years beginning in 2013. The findings show that union dissolution entails, on average, a net per capita household income loss of 29 percent, increased paid labor effort, and decreased time devoted to household work. Empowerment and gender norms are not significantly affected. HIGHLIGHTS In Uruguay, mothers experience a 26–32 percent household income loss after couple separation. Separated mothers increase market work but spend fewer hours on household tasks. Gender egalitarian attitudes predict separation; separation barely changes them. Separation does not affect empowerment but worsens family satisfaction. Policy should extend beyond child support to promote women’s broad well-being.

This study examines financial satisfaction among couples in blended and nuclear families using Waves 8–16 of the RAND Health and Retirement Study (2006–2022). Grounded in Becker's interdependent utility theory and informed by Hamilton's kin selection theory, this study integrates these frameworks to examine how differences in biological and relational ties may shape financial satisfaction within couples. Generalized structural equation models with ordered logistic regression were estimated within an actor–partner interdependence framework to examine both direct associations and cross-partner pathways consistent with interdependent utility. Across 16,050 household-wave observations from 7,421 households, respondents in blended families had 18.7% lower odds of being in a higher financial satisfaction category (OR = .813; 95% CI [.716, .923]) than those in otherwise similar nuclear families, with spouses showing a similar pattern. Mediation analyses revealed an asymmetric pathway: blended family status was negatively associated with spouse financial satisfaction, which, in turn, was associated with lower respondent financial satisfaction, whereas the reverse pathway was not statistically significant. These findings highlight how family structure and cross-partner dynamics shape couples' financial satisfaction and underscore the importance of preference alignment and relational context in financial planning for blended families.

ABSTRACT Gratitude has been associated with better parental well-being and relationship quality, yet less is known about its implications for daily family life. This study examined whether parents’ daily gratitude was associated with parents’ daily family satisfaction, and whether this link was moderated by daily positive and negative affect. Using a 14-day daily diary design, Canadian parents (N = 176; M age = 38.26 years, SD = 5.51; 83.5% mothers) provided 1,766 daily reports. Parents who had higher trait-like gratitude reported higher daily family satisfaction over time. At the daily level, same-day gratitude also showed context-dependent associations with family satisfaction: on days characterized by high negative or low positive affect, greater gratitude was linked to higher family satisfaction. Findings suggest that gratitude may operate as a context-sensitive resource in daily family life, particularly under emotionally challenging conditions, with possible implications for parenting interventions.

Background: Managing heart failure (HF) can be challenging for rural dyads, potentially contributing to depressive symptoms. Coping resources may be important components for dyadic interventions targeting depressive symptoms.Purpose: To explore actor and partner effects of coping resources on depressive symptoms in rural HF dyads.Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 42 rural HF dyads using the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-12, Social Problem-Solving Inventory Revised-Short, Global Family Function, Family APGAR, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scales. Data were analyzed using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model.Results: Patients were 66.42 and caregivers were 60.83 years old. No partner effects noted. Significant actor effects for patients and caregivers between their own social support and depressive symptoms and their own problem-solving and depressive symptoms were found. There was also a significant actor effect between the caregivers' family satisfaction and depressive symptoms.Conclusions: Dyadic interventions that enhance coping resources are needed.

Cystic lymphatic malformations (CLMs) with intracapsular hemorrhage present a management challenge. This study aimed to describe and compare the clinical outcomes associated with pingyangmycin-polidocanol foam (PPF) versus pingyangmycin (PYM) sclerotherapy in this pediatric population. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 74 pediatric patients with CLMs and intracapsular hemorrhage treated between October 2020 and May 2023. Patients were treated with either PPF (n = 37) or PYM (n = 37). The primary outcomes were lesion volume reduction grading, number of treatment sessions, pain relief, and family satisfaction. Secondary outcomes included adverse effects and recurrence. Factors associated with treatment response were explored. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Children in the PPF group exhibited a greater median reduction in lesion volume after the first session (23.0 cm3 vs 12.2 cm3, P = .028) and received fewer median treatment sessions (2 vs 3, P = .023) compared with those in the PYM group. A higher proportion in the PPF group achieved a good response (Achauer grade III/IV) after the final treatment (83.8% vs 73.0%, P = .020) and reported complete pain relief (73.6% vs 41.7%, P = .036). Family satisfaction scores were significantly higher in the PPF group (P = .020). There were no significant differences in overall adverse event rates (18.9% vs 27.0%, P = .407) or recurrence rates (21.6% vs 27.0%, P = .787). Multivariable analysis confirmed that PPF treatment and macrocystic/mixed lesion type were independent factors associated with a good response. An increased number of treatment sessions was associated with more adverse effects but lower recurrence. In this retrospective analysis, PPF sclerotherapy was associated with a greater initial volume reduction, fewer treatment sessions, and higher family satisfaction compared with PYM alone in pediatric CLMs with intracapsular hemorrhage. Macrocystic and mixed lesions showed better response to PPF. Prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings.