Families In Germany Research Articles

Decision-Making Influence in the Family: A Comparison of Turkish Families in Germany and in Turkey

In a longitudinal study including 200 Turkish male adolescents from two regions in Germany and 100 in Turkey, power attributions and power discrepancies in decision-making influence between positions in familial dyads were explored. The power attributions were measured by assessing the children’s ratings of their own and their parents influence in decision-making in four main domains: financial issues, children’s affairs and general family decisions. Discrepancy measures were computed for each familial dyad separately (father-mother; father-child; motherchild). Furthermore, the impact of personal resources and normative social attitudes on the attributions were explored. The results show that the family power structure as perceived by male adolescent children are influenced by the cultural context favoring father dominance in Turkish families independent of cultural context. Furthermore, the attributions of decision-making showed a reversed relationship to father’s resource of education. The more educated the father’s the less powerful they were perceived by their sons. With increasing age the sons attributed more power to themselves in Germany but less power to their parents in Turkey. Thus, during adolescent development sons use two different mechanism for reducing power discrepancies between themselves and their parents depending on cultural context. Turkish mothers seem to profit from fathers’ empathetic parenting style in Germany but not in Turkey. The results were interpreted as favoring a nonnative resource theory that takes into account that with some levels of resources, e.g. education, different social normative attitudes are associated; these attitudes may counterbalance a positive linear resource effect.

Family Policy and Public Attitudes in Germany and Israel

This study examines attitudes towards policies of financial assistance to families in Germany and Israel. The unique circumstances of the last decade - unification in Germany and the immigration to Israel of the returning Diaspora' from the former Soviet Union - provide an opportunity to examine both systemic and cultural bases for attitudes towards family policy. The comparison of East Germans and immigrants to Israel with West Germans and native Israelis focuses on the socialist-capitalist polarity, and the comparison of Israel with Germany articulates traditional vs. less traditional family orientations. Data from the 1994 Family and Gender Roles module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) are used for the empirical analysis. Multivariate regression and covariance analysis reveals group main effects as well as the differential impact of social and demographic variables in the various population groups. West Germans display the least favourable attitudes towards state financial support for the family and the greatest age and class differences. Religiosity has a major effect on attitudes in Israel, especially among veteran Israelis. Lastly, the socialist experience appears to have had a homogenizing effect, resulting in small age, class, and religiosity differences

A Case of Juvenile Retinoschisis Diagnosed by Analysis of the XLRS 1 Gene

Background: We report on a 3-year-old boy who was first diagnosed with retinal detachment and macular hole and received surgical treatment. X-linked juvenile retinoschisis was determined by DNA analysis. Case: Past or family history was not recognized. There was left macular hole but no typical spoke-like foveal retinoschisis was observed in either eye. We could not diagnose the case as X-linked juvenile retinoschisis because there was no family history of it, central foveal reflex was observed in the right eye with corrected visual acuity of 1.2, and no abnormality was recorded in the electroretinogram. High molecular weight DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes, and the XLRS 1 gene was analyzed. Hemizygous missense mutation, Arg102Gln, was detected. We diagnosed the disease as X-linked juvenile retinoschisis because the Arg102Gln mutation was detected in a family in Germany, two families in the United Kingdom, and two families in the USA. Conclusion: XLRS 1 gene analysis is useful if the diagnosis is difficult clinically due to aytpical clinical findings.

PHL8/445: Internet Courses for Cancer Patients

In September 1998 INKA started the first practical courses on the internet for cancer patients and their families in Germany. The aim was to show how they can use the internet to take more active control over the healing process. The project was open to all cancer patients and situated at the VHS Hamburg West (public adult education institute). Thanks to our sponsor the course fee was subsidised.85 participants took part. Most of them were cancer patients, with varying types of cancer. 2/3 were female and attended the course together with a family member or friend. They were aged 25-76 years and some of them even travelled from afar. 1/2 of the patients had a poor prognosis and a rare type of cancer. Asked why they took part they answered that they were either just curious, could not accept their poor prognosis, wanted to do something actively, thought INKA was a great project they wanted to join or were sent by their doctors to find out more information. Most of them were complete beginners with no internet experience, some without any computer knowledge. Apart from the technical introduction into the internet, its terms, retrieval methods etc. the participants had also enough opportunities for personal exchange within the group. Some keep in contact with each other and the project even now and 1/3 have their own internet access in the meantime. The patients and their families said that they were mostly dissatisfied with their interaction with their doctors and felt that the course was personally beneficial. The internet opened up a new dimension for them in the communication process, in that they learned that there is more and better information which they can print out and show to their doctors. They also liked to interact with experienced cancer survivors in the net. In general the course helped them to feel secure in their own healing decisions. Patients and institutions from all over Germany, Swiss and Austria showed interest and the conclusion is simple: there is a huge demand for this type of service. The project received a lot of press attention so that there were many multipliers in the health sector who now ask us for education material on this subject which INKA willing to provide in the future.

QTLs for resistance to Setosphaeria turcica in an early maturing Dent×Flint maize population

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to the fungal pathogen Setosphaeria turcica, the cause of northern corn leaf blight (NCLB), were mapped in a population of 220 F(3) families derived from a cross between two moderately resistant European inbred lines, D32 (dent) and D145 (flint). The population was genotyped with 87 RFLP and 7 SSR markers. Trials were conducted in the field in Switzerland, and in the greenhouse with selected F(3) families in Germany. The F(3) population segregated widely for resistance with transgression of the parents. By composite interval mapping, a total of 13 QTLs were detected with two disease ratings (0 and 3 weeks after flowering). Together these QTLs explained 48% and 62% of the phenotypic variation. Gene action at most QTLs was partially dominant. Eight out of the 13 QTL alleles for resistance were contributed by the more-resistant parent, D145. On chromosomes 3, 5 and 8, QTLs were located in the same chromosomal regions as QTLs in tropical and U.S. Corn Belt germplasm. Some QTLs affected NCLB, head smut and common rust at the same time, with alleles at these loci acting isodirectionally.

International nephrological assistance to Kosovo refugees. European Branch of the Task Force.

Several years ago the International Society of United Kingdom. At present, The German Kuratorium fur Dialyse und Nierentransplantation (secretary, Nephrology Commission on Acute Renal Failure established an International Disaster Relief Task Force M. Molzahn), pending the approval of the German government, has offered to accept an additional 10–20 with the main purpose to organize and provide nephrological and dialysis assistance in disasters, e.g. crush patients and their families in Germany. It appears that some of the Kosovan refugees would prefer to go to syndromes with acute renal failure following posttraumatic rhabdomyolysis. The European Branch of Germany because of the presence of relatives or friends in this country. this Task Force has succeeded in establishing a relatively well organized planning scheme that has been Many dialysis patients who emigrated to Albania were admitted to Italian dialysis centres. The Task described in detail before [1]. Since late April 1999, the European Task Force has Force also has excellent cooperation with important dialysis industries and Baxter Europe is a permanent been approached for help by the United Nations High Commissariate for Refugees in the former Yugoslavian partner of the European branch. However, an important quantity of haemodialysis equipment was urgently Republic of Macedonia which is responsible for the refugees from Kosovo. Among the thousands of refusent to Skopje by Fresenius while an impressive quantity of peritoneal dialysis equipment, including fluids, gees, numerous chronic haemodialysis patients who were treated in Pristina and other dialysis centres in was provided to Macedonia by Baxter. Extremely good and almost daily contacts between Kosovo were now admitted to the Macedonian dialysis centres for urgent dialysis. The Macedonian centres the Task Force in Gent and the representative of the UNHCR in Macedonia, Dr Burkholder, have been could not cope with this unexpectedly high number of new patients and were asking for urgent evacuation of established. The cooperation between the key people of the Task Force and our industry partners is excellent. some of them to other European countries. Thanks to the Task Force organization, immediate requests for We believe that the prompt and efficient help that was and still is provided is the result of a careful planning help were sent to several key people in different West European countries and their governments. and continuous rethinking of the organization of the Task Force over the last 5 years. It is very grateful for Several days of negotiation at different levels of the administrations ultimately led to the evacuation of all those involved to see that their efforts are so much appreciated. dialysis patients and their families to Belgium, Sweden, The Netherlands and to France. When needed, more patients can be received in Sweden, Denmark, and the References Correspondence and offprint requests to: Prof. N. Lameire, Dienst voor Inwendige Ziekten, Universitair Ziekenhuis, de Pintelaan 185, 1. Lameire et al. The organization of the European Renal Disaster Relief Task Force. Renal Fail 1997; 19: 665–671 B-9000 Gent, Belgium.

East-West Differences in Attitudes About Employment and Family in Germany

This article examines East-West differences in attitudes toward the traditional gender division of labor among German women and men, using data from the 1991 German Social Survey (ALLBUS). We test ...

Anticipation of age at renal death in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)?

It has been claimed that anticipation occurs in ADPKD, i.e. endstage renal failure at progressively earlier age in successive generations. This observation might possibly point to unstable DNA as the molecular basis of ADPKD. We analysed 74 parent-offspring pairs of 148 families in Germany and Austria in whom (i) ADPKD was verified by appropriate imaging procedures and (ii) age at renal death was accurately known. The median difference for age at renal death between parent and offspring was 0 years, range -26.3 to +27.2 years. There was no deviation from normal (Gaussian) distribution according to the Shapiro-Wilk test (P = 0.75). We conclude that systematic anticipation cannot be demonstrated with this sample which had sufficient size for meaningful biostatistical analysis.

The Persecution of the Heine Family in Germany 1933-1939

The Persecution of the Heine Family in Germany 1933-1939

Respite care services for the family in Germany

Development of an overall network of respite care services is progressing well in the Federal Republic of Germany. By 1990, an estimated 200 services were either in operation or about to start work throughout the country. For the most part (approximately 140) these services are run by Lebenshilfe. This service system for the care of handicapped persons, offering help in daily life for persons with handicap and their families, is therefore quite well established. This article describes the development of services for handicapped persons in the FRG, putting respite care services in this historical context. The need for, and philosophy of, respite care services are described and current efforts of the National Society, Lebenshilfe, are noted. Following a brief review of the concept of respite care and recent attempts to operationalize it in everyday practice, the article considers how the concept has evolved in response to practical experience and how it may evolve further in response to future developments.

The Upheaval of War: Family, Work and Welfare in Europe, 1914-1918.

List of plates Introduction Richard Wall and Jay Winter Part I. Comparative Perspectives: 1. Some paradoxes of the First World War Jay Winter 2. English and German families and the First World War 1914-18 Richard Wall Part II. Conditions of Life and Standards of Living: 3. Behind the lines: working class family life in wartime Vienna Reinhard Sieder 4. Standards of living and standards of health in wartime Belgium Peter Scholliers and Frank Daelemans 5. Variations in patterns of consumption in Germany in the period of the First World War Armin Triebel 6. Nutrition and living standards in wartime Britain Peter Dewey 7. The impact of the First World War on British workers Alastair Reid 8. The impact of the First World War on French workers Patrick Fridenson Part III. Women and Work: 9. Women and work in France during the First World War Jean-Louis Robert 10. Women's work in industry and family: Germany, 1914-18 Ute Daniel 11. Women and work in wartime Britain Deborah Thom Part IV. Social Policy and Family Ideology: 12. Pronatalism and the popular ideology of the child in wartime France: the evidence of the picture postcard Marie-Monique Huss 13. Eugenics and pronatalism in wartime Britain Richard Soloway 14. 'Pregnancy is the woman's active service': pronatalism in Germany during the First World War Cornelie Usborne 15. The medical profession, social hygiene and the birth rate in Germany, 1914-18 Paul Weindling 16. Mannerbund versus the family: middle-class youth movements and the family in Germany in the period of the First World War Jurgen Reulecke Bibliography Index.

Highroad to the Stake: A Tale of Witchcraft

A riveting story of the Pappenheimers, a vagrant family in Germany, 1600, whose lives turned into a nightmare when they were arrested for crimes unbeknownst to them.

Edward George Tandy Liddell, 25 March 1895 - 17 August 1981

Edward George Tandy Liddell, the second and younger son of Dr John Liddell, a physician of Harrogate, was born on 25 March 1895. ‘In the first three winters of existence,’ he wrote in his personal memoir, ‘he had bouts of pneumonia which deprived him permanently of really robust health, but he limited his way of life and escaped further serious illnesses.’ After attending two local ‘dame schools’ he was sent to Summer Fields, Oxford, in 1905; from there, in 1909, he won a scholarship at Shrewsbury but chose instead to go to Harrow , where he spent two years on the classical side before transferring to science. At the end of 1913 he left school and lived for 6 months with families in Germany, at Bonn and Frankfurt-on-the-Main; and in October 1914 he went up to a ‘fast-emptying Oxford’ to read medicine as a member of Trinity College. Having obtained a first class honours degree in Physiology in 1918, he became an assistant at the Serum Department of the Lister Institute at Elstree under A. T. MacConkey. He was elected to a Senior Demyship at Magdalen College. He began his clinical studies at St Thomas’s Hospital in January 1919, qualifying B.M., B.Ch. Oxon. in July 1921. During those years of steady work he evidently learned to spend his energies to best advantage. Often he felt too tired to read in the evenings. It turned out that his heart had been damaged. Sir James Mackenzie gave him a Delphic prognosis: ‘take care of your heart, and it will last you as long as you need it’. In old age he recalled that Lady Osier once said to him: ‘you look like a lazy man to me’. But no one who was close to him, and knew how much work he got through, could have so misread his calm manner, his economy of movement, and his deliberate pace.

Past Legacies and Future Prospects: Recent Research On the History of the Family in Germany

The author reviews recent literature on the history of the family in Germany. Attention is paid to aspects such as family and household analysis historical demography the function of the family within the economy and research concerned with folklore legal history and education. Suggested directions for future research are outlined (ANNOTATION)

Social Welfare and the One-Parent Family in Germany and Britain

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Non-Agricultural Income of Land-Cultivating Families in Germany

Non-Agricultural Income of Land-Cultivating Families in Germany

Incidence of minor maladies and their relationship to intelligence in school children.

This paper is based on the records of medical consultations over a period of one school year at a War Office sponsored boarding school situated in northern Germany. The school, which catered for some 650 children aged 11 to 1 8 years whose intelligence varied between wide limits, provided boarding accommodation for both sexes. The pupils were drawn from British Forces families in Germany. No differentiation in living conditions was made at this school between dull or bright children. The boarding houses were basically similar and provided a high degree of comfort. Most dormitories contained two to four beds and were centrally heated. Toilet facilities were good with adequate showers and baths and constant hot water. The school meals were well planned, adequate in amount, and supervised by teachers who saw that all children had a normal varied diet. Clothing for all children conformed to minimum requirements stipulated by the school. Soiled clothes were laundered once weekly and house matrons ensured that they were kept clean and mended. The teaching staff actively encouraged the children to maintain a high standard of personal cleanliness. They were also quick to notice any ailing child who was promptly sent to see the doctor. In short, the environment for the pupils whilst at school was uniform and its effect on the differences in disease rates was therefore minimized. The medical staff consisted of one whole-time medical officer, one hospital matron, and four nurses. All routine treatments to ambulant patients were given in the medical centre. The school hospital had eighteen beds and was designed to deal with short-stay patients. Serious cases were sent to the nearest British Forces hospital. Every effort was made to prevent attendance at the medical centre being used as an excuse for absenteeism. Consulting and treatment times were held at the centre outside normal school hours and any child detained there was given a note for the teacher stating the time of dismissal. For the period under review (September, 1953, to July, 1954) a treatment record card was kept for every child attending the medical centre. Each consultation was noted on the card and new cases were entered in a disease group index. The entries on the cards were those dealing with everyday illnesses and did not include routine medical examination findings. Patients requiring treatment in bed were admitted to the school hospital and their particulars and case summaries were recorded in the admission register. The children were divided into two groups according as their Intelligence Quotients (I.Q.) were less or greater than 110. This figure was chosen in order to give groups comparable with secondary modern school and grammar school pupils in England. The numbers in each group were sufficiently close to permit a comparative study. Mental testing was carried out by means of the Moray House tests taken at the age of 11 years. The results were available for the majority of children and the remainder were classified by being given an advanced test or being interviewed by a teacher panel. It has been found that the group intelligence tests give results comparable with those obtained by the Termanized-Binet test (Moray House test series). Previous work (Terman, 1921) showed that the I.Q. for a given child remained remarkably constant, and re-tests during periods of from 2 to 7 years gave similar results. For the purpose of this study the composition of each group was taken to be constant except for minor variations due to school leavers and new entrants. At the beginning of each term a census was taken of all children in attendance in order to minimize the effect of changes in the school population on the calculation of rates per hundred.

The Family in Germany

The Family in Germany

Recent Changes in the Status of Women and the Family in Germany

I F, AS SOME THINK, economic and social forces are driving the world to a grim choice between Communism and Fascism it is important to consider the status of women and family life in the new Germany. There is theoretical interest in the possibility that the totalitarian state with its absolute control of propaganda agencies might provide a less ambiguous definition of the situation in regard to marriage.' Of interest too is the conflict between patriarchal theory and economic trends. Furthermore, do the changes justify the Nazis in their claim to have solved the problem? For the sake of clarity of discussion the present writer would arbitrarily define the woman problem as the lack of balance between the unique reproductive function of and her work function, so complicated by individual differences and diversity of public opinion that there is confusion and unhappiness for herself and for other members of her group. There is good evidence that women, in spite of constituting only three percent of the total party membership, lent powerful support to a movement that seemed to have little to offer them. There was an increased share of women in the N.S. vote from I928 to I932 and in the latter year apparently about half of the N.S. votes were from women.2 The salve which the movement provided for hurt national pride was soothing to women as well as men. Almost two million women were deprived of husbands by the war. It was not hard to convert the daydreams of a hard-working to a belief that she would be rescued by a blond S. A. hero and carried off to a comfortable home and children. Nazi propaganda is filled with appeals to mother love and to romanticism. A confidential bulletin to women leaders gives directions for winning converts among women which include showing pictures of Hitler and talking about his great deeds.' Women experienced a great longing for simplicity that made them turn deaf ears to the cool intellectual warnings from the leaders of the woman's movement.4 For the simple mothers attracted to National Socialism the older woman's movement was too high brow. For the fiery young girls, the old leaders were dreary spinsters with an aura of the war defeat about them. The deep