Familiar Ideas Research Articles

Co-designed Health Literacy Activities for Children in Primary Schools

Abstract Early exposure to health literacy (HL) and fostering children’s HL development for health promotion purposes is believed to positively influence their ability to lead healthier lives during adulthood (WHO, 2021). Our qualitative study on children’s perspectives on health and HL showed that children perceive health in a broader context emphasizing aspects of everyday life. When engaging with health information, they often encounter irrelevant information and struggle to discern its trustworthiness (van Boxtel et al., in preparation). In this study, we aim to co-design HL activities with children in primary school for the context of health promotion. Children, aged 9-12 years, formed co-design teams and participated in six 1-hour sessions. Initially, they discussed what HL is and selected the most relevant HL skills to address. Through activities like body mapping, they explored ways to learn these skills. Subsequent sessions involved brainstorming ideas for the designing, and prototyping activities. A larger group of children tested these prototypes, followed by evaluations and improvements by the design team. Preliminary results indicate that children prefer designing HL activities that resonate with their everyday experiences. However, they often relied on familiar ideas unless aided to think creatively, therefore we used AI tools for ideation. The final designs, such as life-sized board game about healthy food, show potential to learn HL in schools. Results of the learning outcomes from these activities are pending and will be presented at the conference. Co-designing with children leads to meaningful HL activities that encourage active engagement with health information. This study inspired us to build a toolbox for learning HL skills for children aged 9-12-years-old in primary schools or childcare settings. We also aim to co-design other identified HL skills and competencies from our Delphi study (Van Boxtel et al., in preparation). Key messages • HL activities co-designed by children reflect daily life relevance, fostering deeper engagement and learning. • Using co-design, we enable children to actively engage with health information and learn specific HL skills.

‘Christian notes sound sweetest suffering’: birds, books and textual circulation in Sir John Gibson’s commonplace book (BL Add 37719)

ABSTRACT A growing body of scholarship has worked to recover the vocal dimensions of early modern reading and the effects of aural reading cultures on literary composition. Where these studies have focused on the relationship between the human voice and early modern texts, this article examines how the seventeenth-century royalist prisoner Sir John Gibson deploys early modern ideas about birds and birdsong as he seeks consolation through the material and textual processes of literary composition, manuscript compilation, and epistolary exchange. These efforts are evident in his physical and imaginative construction of his miscellany (BL Add 37719) as possessing bird-like capacities for movement and communication. While Gibson’s miscellany does draw on familiar seventeenth-century ideas about music and the human voice, I argue that his invocations of birds and birdsong produce intriguing and powerful claims for the ways written texts can extend the capabilities of the human voice and body.

An artificial intelligence approach for interpreting creative combinational designs

Combinational creativity, a form of creativity involving the blending of familiar ideas, is pivotal in design innovation. While most research focuses on how combinational creativity in design is achieved through blending elements, this study focuses on the computational interpretation, specifically identifying the ‘base’ and ‘additive’ components that constitute a creative design. To achieve this goal, the authors propose a heuristic algorithm integrating computer vision and natural language processing technologies, and implement multiple approaches based on both discriminative and generative artificial intelligence architectures. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on a dataset created for studying combinational creativity. Among the implementations of the proposed algorithm, the most effective approach demonstrated a high accuracy in interpretation, achieving 87.5% for identifying ‘base’ and 80% for ‘additive’. We conduct a modular analysis and an ablation experiment to assess the performance of each part in our implementations. Additionally, the study includes an analysis of error cases and bottleneck issues, providing critical insights into the limitations and challenges inherent in the computational interpretation of creative designs.

Early Career Innovations in Science Education Research: Introduction to the Special Issue

Science education research has typically been aligned with a collection of familiar topics and ideas. However, the field, like many others, is becoming ever more varied as it responds to a range of remarkable social, cultural, and technological changes. In this paper, the Guest Editors of Research in Science Education’s Special Issue ‘Early Career Innovations in Science Education Research’ reflect on the future directions of research represented in both the Early Career Researcher submissions to the Special Issue and a brief survey administered to the journal’s Editorial Board members. We report on trends related to new, divergent, and creative innovations, situating these innovations in the context of the history of the field as represented by one of the world’s leading science education journals.

Moore on Degrees of Responsibility

In his latest book Mechanical Choices, Michael Moore provides an explication and defence of the idea that responsibility comes in degrees. His account takes as its point of departure the view that free action and free will consist in the holding of certain counterfactuals. In this paper, I argue that Moore’s view faces several familiar counterexamples, all of which serve to motivate Harry Frankfurt’s classic insight that whether and to what extent one is responsible for one’s action has more to do with what actually caused that action than with what one could or couldn’t have done instead. I then go on to sketch an alternative approach to degrees of responsibility that takes seriously this insight. I’ll argue that Moore ought to be sympathetic to this approach, inasmuch as it combines two familiar Moorean ideas: the idea that causal contribution comes in degrees, and the idea that acting freely is compatible with, and indeed entails, the fact that one’s action was caused by prior states of affairs.

Time-discretization approximation enriches continuous-time discrete-space models for animal movement

Continuous time discrete state models are a valuable tool for explaining animal movement. However, data collection to fit such models over a specified window of time can be misaligned with the actual realization of the movement process. This necessitates approximate model fitting, at present, through approximate imputation distributions (AIDs). Here, we propose a direct time-discretization approximation to the likelihood. The approach employs familiar ideas from hidden Markov modeling. Computation is implemented through the induced infinitesimal generator matrix. Linearization of this matrix expedites computation time. Through simulation and a real data application involving whale movement, we demonstrate that this model fitting strategy can outperform AID approaches.

Domitian: An Innovative Emperor?

The exhibition at the National Museum of Antiquities at Leiden God on Earth: Emperor Domitian (December 2021–May 2022) presented an overview of Domitian’s life in objects to demonstrate the significance and impact of his 15-year reign. The show focused on how he legitimized and shaped his rule, and it challenged the viewer to rethink the assessment of Domitian in ancient sources and his branding as one of the “bad” emperors. The Flavian dynasty, by forging a connection to Augustus, the most popular ruler before them, “anchored innovation” by linking new ideas to familiar ideas already established. The great achievement of the exhibition lay in the quality and scope of the 275 objects from more than 20 museums; the Flavian era emerged as equally artistically rich as that of the Julio-Claudians. Although the exhibition explicitly did not aim to recast Domitian as a “good” ruler but rather invited the viewer to consider all aspects of his image and reputation, at the same time it seemed to rehabilitate Domitian, presenting him as an important emperor in his own right and in a more positive light.

Group creativity in the wild: When building on ideas enhances the generation and selection of creative ideas

Long‐standing wisdom holds that building on ideas is beneficial for group creativity. We empirically verify this recommended practice. We analyse creativity sessions of nine groups of professionals tasked to synthesize new ideas into one final creative concept. Linkography and quantitative analysis are used for analysing the impact of building on ideas on group creativity. First, the results indicate that building on ideas does not lead to more novel, feasible, or useful ideas. Second, our study shows that building on ideas is beneficial only if the ideators build upon the “right” ideas. Ideators generate more novel ideas only when they build on novel ideas. Moreover, our research reveals a trade‐off: Building on novel ideas leads to more novel but less feasible ideas while building on familiar ideas leads to less novel but more feasible ideas. Finally, we find that stimulus ideas (i.e., ideas that are built upon) are more likely to be selected and integrated into the final concept. Taken together, our results indicate that building on novel ideas enhances the generation and selection processes. Implications for theory and research on creativity in organizations are discussed.

The Adaptive Proculturation Process of Being a Psychotherapist as a Kazakh Asylum Seeker in Sweden

The term acculturation is important for describing and analyzing how for example migrants gradually become accustomed to a new host society. The term proculturation is similar but emphasizes the real-life experiences of migrants, as well as the fusion between familiar and unfamiliar ideas, things, and experiences. However, so far there is a dearth of studies which have aimed to explore such a construct empirically. The current article used a limited but meaningful example, the lived experiences of a Kazakh migrant in Sweden whose occupation is being a psychotherapist. The aim was to understand the cultural identity of this individual as regards processes of migration from A (Kazakhstan) to B (Sweden), as well as related proculturation processes. Moreover, the focus was also on the specific and precarious work conditions for a person who does not have the possibility to work officially as a psychotherapist during an extensive residence permit application process. Information derived from a semi-structured interview indicates that basic cultural identity markers (woman, Kazakh, Russian-speaking, Muslim) remained constant after residing in Sweden for more than 5 years but that some elements of the more secular-liberal Swedish culture (e.g., the Swedish language, increased alcohol consumption) were appropriated. The person used social media apps like WhatsApp as a technological tool to practice the profession as a psychotherapist in a transnational setting, which constitutes a different strategy than how Swedish as well as Kazakh psychotherapists generally perform this profession.

مقابلة الوهم بالحقيقة في مسرحية شكسبير الموسومة ب " العاصفة"

In The Tempest, his final play, William Shakespeare is able to depict one of the significant ideas shared by many creative writers in a convincing manner. Contrasting illusion with reality throughout the play, he resorts to a number of literary devices and techniques that help entertain the audience while, at the same time, providing viewers and readers with multiple interpretations. One such device is his capacity to render familiar ideas in unfamiliar ways greatly similar to what is presented in modern day fantasy books and movies that are blended with magic realism. Based on Victor Shklovsky’s concept of defamiliarization (Ostranenie), this article will attempt to shed light on some of these possible interpretations which are basically related to humans and the world they live in. A world where human life was, is, and will remain an arena of conflicting values such as peace and conflict, love and hatred, justice and injustice, morality and immorality, tranquility and tempests, etc. Accordingly, the bard’s work demonstrates that achieving paradise or utopia on earth is an illusion to which we constantly resort to avoid dealing with the harshness of reality; on the other hand sinking in an abyss of unresolvable misery is similarly an illusion which can be overcome if people are ready to face reality. It will also purport to show that reality and illusion are just as intertwined as human happiness and despair.

Diagrams support spontaneous transfer across whole number and fraction concepts

In mathematics, learners often spontaneously draw on prior knowledge when learning new ideas. In this study, we examined whether the specific diagrams used to represent more familiar (i.e., whole number division) and less familiar ideas (i.e., fraction division) shape successful transfer. Undergraduates (N = 177) were randomly assigned to demonstrate fraction division in a 3 (Diagram: Number Line, Circle, None) × 3 (“Warm-up” Example: Whole Number Division, Fraction Addition, None) between-subjects design. We hypothesized that transfer from whole number division would be greatest in the number line condition. When using number lines and warming up with whole number division, students generated more accurate conceptual models of fraction division. However, both number lines and circles supported transfer from whole number concepts to fraction concepts, whereas having no diagrams did not. Diagrams may play a critical role in helping learners make use of their vast prior knowledge.

Systems, solidarity and fair trade

The words fair trade are simple, but the ideas behind them are complex. Systems thinking allows an accessible, pluralistic response in which diversity is a bonus rather than a problem, while the model developed here offers a coherent framework for some familiar ideas, and some perhaps less so. A key distinction is made between procedural and reconstructive fair traders. Procedural fair traders focus on making market procedures more equitable. Reconstructive fair traders seek directly to repair social and environmental inequities arising from market and other systemic failures. These roles are seen as complementary rather than mutually exclusive. Procedural reform of the market rewrites the role of intermediaries in the supply chain from profit maximisation towards facilitation. At the same time, both types of fair trader are concerned by the market’s tendency to externalise social and environmental costs. Both types of fair traders also recognise the importance of consumer awareness: corporate behaviour is influenced both by the aggregate of purchasing decisions and by reputational concerns. All of these factors can be understood in the context of an holistic systems view of fair trade in three dimensions: the qualitative narrative, the quantifiable evidence, and the realities of ethical pluralism. This first model is fairly abstract, although underpinned by genuine experience. There is a further step, in which the contribution of this generalised model to the strategies of fair-trade enterprises will be explored.

Supererogation and conditional obligation

There are plenty of classic paradoxes about conditional obligations, like the duty to be gentle if one is to murder, and about “supererogatory” deeds beyond the call of duty. But little has been said about the intersection of these topics. We develop the first general account of conditional supererogation, with the power to solve familiar puzzles as well as several that we introduce. Our account, moreover, flows from two familiar ideas: that conditionals restrict quantification and that supererogation emerges from a clash between justifying and requiring reasons.

Covid and data science: Understanding R0 could change your life.

The Covid epidemic has provided an excellent example of the need to call on a wide variety of statistical tools to address a global problem, and can give students insights into some of the dimensions of data science. Here, we describe some of the characteristics of data that students encounter as citizens. We set out some teaching ideas, which focus on a few familiar core ideas—such as exponential growth, estimation, interpreting graphs, measurement, and sampling—set in the authentic context of containing a pandemic. In the final section, we sketch some more ideas on activities to develop student skills essential for civic engagement in a data‐rich world.

Repetition versus Revision: Narratives in the BBC’s Great War Centenary

The BBC’s plans for the First World War Centenary were of significant magnitude. Through 2,500 hours of programming, it sought to broaden knowledge of the conflict across its various media. Yet this objective was occasionally diminished by the resounding presence of popularised tropes about the war. With consideration of two key anniversaries and flagship programmes, this article reflects upon the balance between familiar ideas and new developments, the disconnect between television programming and developing historiography and the use of modern techniques in conveying a new narrative.

Technology Is Global: The Useful & Reliable Knowledge Debate

Technology Is GlobalThe Useful & Reliable Knowledge Debate Dagmar Schäfer (bio) and Simona Valeriani (bio) A key phrase in global history over the past two decades has been Useful and Reliable Knowledge (hereafter URK). In Gifts of Athena, economic historian Joel Mokyr coined the phrase, recognizing that changes in knowledge, its perception, and organization are main concerns for both economic historians and historians of science.1 At first, historians of technology paid little heed to Mokyr's economic history discourses, which somewhat sidestepped applied science and technology. Yet Mokyr's approach—highlighting technological change as an engine of economic growth—has featured widely in global comparative history. Over the years, this type of scholarship has generated much research—mostly focusing on the transfer of European URK regimes and their impact on local knowledge cultures, economic growth, and cultural prosperity. These historians also observe—often in passing—that Western URK rarely started with a blank slate and that it had to respond to local methods of mobilizing technical knowledge and generating wealth. This special issue turns the tables. We ask how local definitions and practices of usefulness and reliability generated wealth and technological change. We present research on the Ottoman Empire, China, Japan, France, Britain, and colonial India, covering a period from the fourteenth to the twentieth century. Collectively, these studies also shed light on a central issue of the history of technology: how artisanal and learned-literate-scientific knowledge communities interacted in regional and culturally diverse settings. Taking such a reverse position, we address how a view from Europe has impinged on the role of the global in defining "usefulness" and "reliability." [End Page 327] We add a view on how varying regional methods and historiographies have contributed to the economic and epistemic "divergences" noted in comparative research. Historians of China, for instance, have identified conceptual equivalents for "Western" and "modern" usefulness and reliability, tracing the concept back to premodern history and identifying the notion of usefulness with technology's history and reliability with China's "sciences," while no such sources exist for the Indian subcontinent. At the same time, we note that different historical disciplines such as technology, science, economy, and global history developed independently from each other. While collating these case studies in this special issue, we realized that to understand the individual merits of each region and era, it is necessary to examine this unevenness and how it came about. Contrasting such research in world regions in one special issue offers the methodological bonus of seeing how knowledge and wealth concerned many social groups and required them to cooperate. The diverse sources for each region the authors use for their case studies range from manuscripts and administrative records to finished products, raw materials, and instruments. As a rule of thumb, though, we can see that most craftsmen, practitioners, scholars, merchants, and trade managers produced, tested, and validated what was useful and reliable rather than writing about it. Parallels in cultural attitudes toward usefulness are important to us. That actors, for instance, wrote down both familiar and novel practices and ideas while often practicing yet another technology not only indicates that old and new technologies continued to exist and were mobilized, as David Edgerton has rightly pointed out; it also suggests that writing and codification were primarily political and social instruments and not—perhaps unsurprising, but still noteworthy—part of daily practice. Equally importantly, across regions, different sources give a voice to the historically silenced diversity of approaches to usefulness and reliability and how they affected technological developments in the twentieth century—much later than the eighteenth century, which scholars in the divergence debates, such as Pomeranz, have identified as the crucial moment of technological change.2 Such observations also call for a fresh and globally diversified look at the historical dynamics of codification, its relation to knowledge classification, and its effect on scientific, technological, and economic change. The authors in this issue critically reengage with the way historical actors approached and qualified knowledge when organizing a state, an artisan's workshop, a field of interest, or their personal life. They look at how state power, religion, kinship, and politics, as well as liberated capital and market...

Exploring the city as text and dominant discourse place

The study has tried to answer the question of how the dominant discourse in the city tries to create meanings and forms an interpretation by using signs and symbols. Accordingly, common semiotics of Dur Untash city has been investigated. In three steps, including preparation, organization, and final report or conclusion, a content analysis method has been done. First, deconstruction views of reading place are explained and how an interpretation discourse is formed. Then we investigated some standard semantic features of Dur Untash city and an image of some familiar ideas and signs is projected. Finally, a bipolar semantic interpretation of these signs and images is presented. The dominant discourse of the city has wanted to catch a meaning, but none of its symbols and characters has such a valid capacity and authority. Therefore, the dominant discourses could not conjure spatial features controlled by meaning-making

The Way Back by Gavriel Savit

Reviewed by: The Way Back by Gavriel Savit Fiona Hartley-Kroeger Savit, Gavriel The Way Back. Knopf, 2020 [368p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781984894625 $18.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781984894649 $10.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R* Gr. 7-10 In the shtetl of Tupik, somewhere in nineteenth-century Eastern Europe, encounters with the Angel of Death intertwine the lives of two children: the angry, sharp-eyed, fatherless boy Yehuda Leib and Bluma the baker's daughter. Their journeys take them through the Far Country, a land ruled and inhabited by demons, and into the stronghold of Death itself. As they bargain with demons and learn to navigate through the Far Country, where "the direction matters less than you think," each must, in their own way, come to terms with the face Death wears for them or risk ceasing to live. Savit (Anna and the Swallow Man, BCCB 2/16) builds the action with a storyteller's assured cadences, creating a story rich in elements of Jewish folk tradition and flashes of both humor and the grotesque. Yehuda Leib's and Bluma's inner and outer lives are rendered with great warmth, making them sympathetic yet unsentimental, heroic yet human. The story emphasizes several familiar ideas central to children's literature: that change is the province of the living; that death is part of life; that we go through both alone and not alone. The novel will appeal enormously to fans of Gaiman's The Graveyard Book (BCCB 10/08), and while it's appropriate for middle school readers, its folkloric tone and themes give it considerable crossover appeal for high schoolers as well. [End Page 49] Copyright © 2020 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Reflections

Reflections

Modernism: Evolution of an Idea by Sean Latham and Gayle Rogers, Modernism’s Print Cultures by Faye Hamill and Mark Hussey, Modernism, Science, and Technology by Mark S. Morrison

Modernism: Evolution of an Idea by Sean Latham and Gayle Rogers, Modernism’s Print Cultures by Faye Hamill and Mark Hussey, Modernism, Science, and Technology by Mark S. Morrison