Accidental Fall Research Articles (Page 1)

Homicide is defined as the killing of one human being by another human being and is one of the most heinous crimes that can be committed against a body. It is punishable by the highest penalty in many countries. The perpetrator wants to escape punishment after committing the crime. To do so, they try to find ways to protect themselves. The following is an interesting case of a 26-year-old laborer whose body was recovered by police in the evening hours of February 22, 2024 in a secluded place. Police, including the deputy superintendent, visited the crime scene and questioned the victim’s coworkers. Nobody suspected foul play. Police concluded the incident to be a case of an accidental fall leading to death. However, based on the autopsy findings and a crime scene visit by forensic pathologists, the case was relabeled as homicide.

The construction industry remains one of the most hazardous sectors despite its economic importance, with high-altitude fall accidents being the most prevalent and deadly type of incident. This paper aimed to study and analyze the accident data of the past accident cases in China and find out the key causes and rules of the accidents. This research analyzed 1223 Chinese accident reports (2014–2023) using Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic modeling to identify causal factors, followed by Apriori algorithm correlation analysis to reveal accident causation patterns. This study comprehensively uses topic model, association rules and visualization methods to systematically analyze the causes of high-altitude fall accidents. The research identified 24 distinct accident cause topics across personnel, equipment, management, and environmental dimensions. Key findings revealed that incorrect use of labor protective equipment, inadequate safety inspections, and failure to implement safety management protocols were persistent issues throughout the study period. Notably, the post COVID-19 pandemic introduced new safety challenges, with the intensity of topics related to “subject of responsibility for safety production has not been implemented” showing significant post-pandemic increases. These findings highlight the evolving nature of construction safety challenges and the need for targeted interventions to address persistent and emerging risks.

IntroductionThe term ‘fall’ is defined as the unintentional act of coming to a rest on the ground, floor, or any lower level, specifically excluding deliberate changes in position to rest on furniture, walls, or other objects. The World Health Organization has identified falls among older adults as a global health problem, and falls are likely to emerge as a significant public health problem in Sri Lanka. This study aimed to synthesise the literature related to the prevalence, epidemiology, and fall prevention programmes implemented to reduce falls among older adults in Sri Lanka.MethodsOlder adults over 60 years of age living in Sri Lanka were taken as the population. Falls among those living in community dwellings or institutionalised older adults were considered. Sri Lanka was used as the context. The Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, Emcare, and CINAHL databases were searched via the EBSCOHost® platform, using ‘older adult’, ‘older people’, ‘elderly’, ‘senior’, ‘geriatric’, ‘fall’, ‘accidental fall’, and ‘Sri Lanka’ as keywords. The references identified through the searches were exported to Rayyan, and duplicates were removed. Two independent reviewers performed title, abstract, and full-text screening, and data extraction was also conducted independently by the same reviewers. A third reviewer resolved any disagreements between the two reviewers.Results91 studies were identified and, finally, nine analytical observational studies were included. Conclusions. The studies were mainly observational, with limited representation from diverse populations. The study highlights the research gaps in fall screening and prevention interventions among older adults in Sri Lanka.

Development and effectiveness of the META-CARES program in enhancing nursing students' pediatric patient safety competency: A quasi-experimental study.

ABSTRACT Background Regaining a higher degree of function after spinal cord injury (SCI) requires timely diagnosis and intervention. The American College of Surgeons (ACS) guidelines recommend that SCI should be treated in a designated Level I trauma center. Patients may initially go to lower-level trauma centers, delaying care. This study assesses whether the ACS recommendation is achieved by analyzing interhospital transfer (IHT) of SCI patients. Materials and Methods Retrospective study using Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation registry (2010 and 2020) to determine the trend of IHT of SCI patients, demographics, type and cause of trauma, level of SCI, presence of vertebral fracture, degree of SCI (complete vs. incomplete), in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, injury severity and discharge dispositions. Results Among 7,236 (658/year) patients with SCI between 2010 and 2020, an average of 29% were transferred yearly, while 71% were directly admitted. The mean age of transferred patients was 47.8 years and 45 for direct admissions. IHT rates were: Females 30.9%, males 28.1%; Caucasians 30.5%; fall and vehicle accident victims 34.6 and 34.3%; C5-C7 level injuries 31.8%; single region SCI 29.4% (vs. 26.1% for multiple regions); and incomplete SCI 29.7% (vs. 24.7% complete). In-hospital death was lower for transferred patients (17.3% vs. 82.7%). Length of stay was similar; home and rehab centers were the main destinations after discharge. Conclusion The ACS recommendation is challenging to achieve, despite patient demographics, causes of injury, or intrinsic characteristics of SCI. This warrants further study, with a goal to design, execute, and evaluate a mitigation plan.

IntroductionAbnormal motor and behavioral phenomena during sleep are part of a broader category of sleep behaviour disorder, which may manifest during different stages—either during sleep, wakefulness, or the transitions between these states. Such occurrences are particularly prevalent during early childhood, affecting approximately 15-20% of pediatric populations, while about 4% of adults experience similar events. These sleep disturbances are generally categorized into simple behaviors or more complex behaviors.ObjectivesThis case report describes a clinical presentation involving defenestration in the context of parasomnia, with initial concerns about a possible suicide attempt. The objective is to highlight the diagnostic challenges in such cases and emphasize the importance of distinguishing between parasomnia-related behavior and intentional self-harm.MethodsThe patient is a 24-year-old male, born in the US, and currently living in Barcelona as part of a study exchange program. He has been consuming 1SCU of cannabis daily since adolescence. He denies any personal or family psychiatric history but reports experiencing episodes of sleepwalking during his childhood and teenage years.On presentation, the patient sustained multiple traumatic injuries following an accidental fall from a second-floor window. The event was witnessed by neighbors, who alerted emergency services. The patient has no memories of the event and denies suicidal intent. In the hours preceding the incident, the patient consumed approximately 2SDE of alcohol, but he denies the use of any other substances at the time. Additional testing, including CT of the brain and EEG, revealed no significant abnormalities.ResultsThis case presents a diagnostic dilemma, as initial suspicions pointed toward a possible suicide attempt. However, the patient’s history of sleepwalking, especially during childhood, suggests a parasomnia-related etiology. It is crucial to differentiate between childhood-onset sleepwalking, which is often linked to genetic and developmental factors, and sleepwalking that persists or re-emerges in adulthood, which is more strongly associated with psychopathological factors. The persistence of parasomnias in adults may indicate an underlying psychiatric condition.ConclusionsThis case underscores the complexities in diagnosing parasomnias, particularly when severe and potentially dangerous behaviors are involved. While the patient’s history of sleepwalking and lack of psychiatry history suggest a parasomnia-related etiology, the persistence of such behaviors into adulthood warrants careful evaluation for underlying psychopathological factors. Early recognition and accurate diagnosis are paramount to providing effective care and preventing recurrence of such episodes. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, integrating neurology and psychiatry to offer tailored interventions.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The construction industry has a significantly higher risk of fatal accidents than other sectors. According to the 2024 Taiwan Safety and Health Administration report, falls account for 60.04% of all construction-related incidents. These accidents often result from working at heights, particularly on platforms or near unprotected openings. While interventions focus on physical safety, they often overlook worker’s mental and physiological conditions. Factors such as mental fatigue, reduced concentration, and excessive heat exposure significantly increase accident risk. This study develops a fall risk assessment model tailored to construction, integrating three key factors: area risk, psychological fatigue, and physiological stress. Area risk is determined using historical accident data and Building Information Modeling (BIM) to identify high-risk zones. Psychological fatigue is assessed through brainwave analysis using Fourier transform, while physiological stress is evaluated based on the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) heat stress guidelines, incorporating Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) and heart rate data. By combining these dimensions, the model generates a real-time fall risk matrix, allowing proactive risk management and reducing fall accidents on construction sites.

Differentiating accidental head trauma and abusive head trauma (AHT) may be challenging ininfants. To describe computed tomography (CT) scan findings following accidental low-velocity trauma in infants, focusing on features considered to be highly suggestive of AHT, such as rupture of bridging veins. A single-center, retrospective study (2014-2022) was performed in infants aged 1month to 12months. (i) any kind of minor head trauma leading to an Emergency Department visit (fall from a height of less than 2m, direct head impact, low-velocity road accident (below 15km/h); (ii) available clinical data and head CT scan. Three hundred and six infants were included (mean age 5months 14days, 56.5% male). Fractures were observed in 89 patients (71 simple linear fractures). Intracranial hemorrhage was observed in 34 patients: simple post-traumatic focal extra-axial hemorrhage in 26 patients and more complex hemorrhage on CT and magnetic resonance imaging in eight patients, including three with evidence of bridging vein rupture. Among these cases, the child protection team expressed concern that two patients might have experienced AHT, while the third patient had a condylar fracture and it remains unclear whether the injury was the result of AHT or an accidental fall. A significant link was found between intracranial hemorrhage and fractures (P-value < 0.001), scalp swelling (P-value < 0.001), or clots located at the vertex (P-value < 0.001) and between fractures and scalp swelling (P-value < 0.001), the trauma mechanism (P-value < 0.001), neurological symptoms (P-value = 0.03), and intracranial hemorrhage (P-value < 0.001). The main CT scan features following minor accidental trauma in infants are simple skull fractures andscalp swelling. Diffuse hemorrhage with rupture of bridging veins is exceptional in this context.

Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon, and aging-related diseases need to be given great attention. Dysmobility syndrome (DMS) was considered as a comprehensive approach to evaluate the condition of musculoskeletal system and adverse health problems in older population. There is little research data on the correlation between type 2 diabetes and DMS in the elderly. The purpose of our study is to identify the risk factors for dysmobility syndrome (DMS) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 262 patients aged >60 years who were diagnosed with T2DM at our department were included in a cross-sectional study and were divided into groups according to the development of DMS and the number of presentations, including osteoporosis, low muscle strength and mass, obesity, falls, and slow walking speed. Consequently, 128 patients with non-DMS were assigned to group A, 84 patients with to 2-3 presentations (without falls) were assigned to group B, and 50 patients with to 4-5 presentations (without falls) were assigned to group C. Demographic data, diabetes-related complications, and history of falls in the past year were compared to identify risk factors for developing DMS in elderly T2DM patients. It showed that 50.4% of the elderly T2DM patients developed DMS, and 25.2% of them had at least one episode of falling. The average age of the patients and the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy were higher, while diastolic blood pressure and 25-(OH) vitamin D serum calcium and albumin levels were lower in group C than in group A and B(p < 0.05). The occurrence of falls was lower in group A than in the other groups (p = 0.001). Aging, 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency, and accidental fall history are associated with an increased risk of DMS in elderly patients with T2DM.

In the field of high-altitude operations, the frequent occurrence of fall accidents is usually closely related to safety measures such as the incorrect use of safety locks and the wrong installation of safety belts. At present, the manual inspection method cannot achieve real-time monitoring of the safety status of the operators and is prone to serious consequences due to human negligence. This paper designs a new type of high-altitude operation safety device based on the STM32F103 microcontroller. This device integrates ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging technology, thin-film piezoresistive stress sensors, Beidou positioning, intelligent voice alarm, and intelligent safety lock. By fusing five modes, it realizes the functions of safety status detection and precise positioning. It can provide precise geographical coordinate positioning and vertical ground distance for the workers, ensuring the safety and standardization of the operation process. This safety device adopts multi-modal fusion high-altitude operation safety monitoring technology. The UWB module adopts a bidirectional ranging algorithm to achieve centimeter-level ranging accuracy. It can accurately determine dangerous heights of 2 m or more even in non-line-of-sight environments. The vertical ranging upper limit can reach 50 m, which can meet the maintenance height requirements of most transmission and distribution line towers. It uses a silicon carbide MEMS piezoresistive sensor innovatively, which is sensitive to stress detection and resistant to high temperatures and radiation. It builds a Beidou and Bluetooth cooperative positioning system, which can achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy and an identification accuracy rate of over 99%. It can maintain meter-level positioning accuracy of geographical coordinates in complex environments. The development of this safety device can build a comprehensive and intelligent safety protection barrier for workers engaged in high-altitude operations.

Physical restraint is commonly applied in the clinical settings despite numerous studies presenting its paucity of efficacy and safety. Despite the various tangible and intangible factors associated with moral and safety issues, nurses must make decisions on restraint use in ethical dilemmas. Health care providers often find it challenging to make appropriate decisions regarding the use of physical restraint in demanding clinical environments without a standard and objective assessment tool. The objectives aimed to identify effective instrument to justify the decision-making regarding the use of physical restraint in general adult ward settings. A literature search was conducted on several electronic databases, including Medline, PubMed, CINAHL Complete, Embase, and Cochrane Library, using subject MeSH headings and relevant keywords to identify any relevant studies pertaining to the research question. Only articles written in English from January 2014 to March 2024 were considered. The search was filtered by screening for articles with the full-text availability, cohort studies that are not considered an experimental studies, systematic reviews, or meta-analysis. The reference lists of literatures were also searched to identify any further relevant studies. Eight studies were included in this review, consisting of 6 cohort studies, 1 stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial, and 1 systematic review. The quality of the studies ranged from low to moderate, with the risk of bias being moderate to high. The interventions retrieved from the included studies can be categorized as restraint decision instruments, restraint preventive interventions and restraint preventive strategies. All included studies reported a significantly improved rate of restrained patients in the intervention group comparing to the control group. The rate of restrained patient days decreased significantly in the intervention group. There was no significant difference in the rate and number of accidental catheter removal, fall incident, and length of stay. Implementing the evidence-based instrument can help improve patient outcomes, reduce inappropriate use of physical restraint, and provide a structured decision-making process for health care staff. An evidence-based assessment instrument is developed to assess patients who are necessary to be given physical restraint, and further stringent research is necessary to evaluate the effect of such instrument. Training on least restrictive techniques and effective strategies is crucial for nurses to ensure adherence of nurses and appropriate care for patients.

Analysis of fall accidents at work: The case of Cyprus (2010–2019)

Extensive research in the field of construction safety has predominantly focused on identifying the causes and impacts of construction accidents, evaluating safety plans, assessing the effectiveness of safety education materials, and analyzing relevant policies. However, comparatively limited attention has been given to the systematic formation, management, and utilization of safety-related information and knowledge. Despite significant advancements in information and knowledge management technologies across the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industries, their application in construction safety remains underdeveloped. This study addresses this gap by proposing a novel ontology-based framework specifically designed for construction safety management. Unlike previous models, the proposed ontology integrates diverse safety regulations and terminologies into a unified and semantically structured knowledge model. It comprises three primary superclasses covering key areas of construction safety, with an initial focus on fall hazards—one of the most frequent and severe risks, particularly in roofing activities. This domain-specific approach not only improves semantic clarity and standardization but also enhances reusability and extensibility for other risk domains. The ontology was developed using established methodologies and validated through reasoning tools and competency questions. By providing a formally structured, logic-driven knowledge base, the model supports automated safety reasoning, facilitates communication among stakeholders, and lays the foundation for future intelligent safety management systems in construction. This research contributes a validated, extensible, and regulation-aligned ontology model that addresses critical challenges in safety information integration, sharing, and application.

ABSTRACT The space occupied by a falling body is necessarily liminal, as a fall results in transition from one stage, to another. The ambiguity of transition can allow escape from categorisation, but there is danger in this liminality too. South Africa's apartheid state exploited this ambiguity by regularly recording murder of activists in detention as death from ’a fall’ - whether against office furniture, stairs, a window or soap in the shower. This article interrogates the politicisation of ‘falling’ through an examination of the re-opening of decades-old inquests, including Imam Haron, who was murdered in Security Branch custody in 1969. His 1970 inquest attributed his death to a fall down a set of stairs - a fictional tale that protected Security Branch operatives from the consequences of their actions for over five decades, as subsequent truth recovery events yielded no confessions or prosecutions for his death. Framing apartheid South Africa's ability to invent no-fault methods of dying in detention as demonstrative of Veena Das's magical state, this article speculates on how such destructive magic can be undone; how this relates to transitional justice efforts of the past; and what the implications are for accountability for apartheid-era crimes in South Africa today.

The aim of this study was to innovatively utilise the BERTopic model for topic modelling in order to comprehensively identify and understand the factors contributing to bed falls. Retrospective study. The study collected 241 reports of bed fall accidents recorded by nurses from Peking University Third Hospital Nursing Department from 2014 to 2024. Among them, 102 reports met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study follows the Minimum Information for Medical AI Reporting (MINIMAR). It collected patient bed fall reports from Peking University Third Hospital between 2014 and June 2024, preprocessed the texts, utilised the BERTopic library in Python for topic modelling, and manually aggregated secondary topics by combining visualisation results and professional knowledge. We utilised cluster bar charts to visually display the distribution of the 22 secondary topics and further consolidated them into five core topics through the use of a topic distribution diagram and a topic similarity matrix diagram. These topics were related to patient factors, ward equipment and surroundings factors, medication risk factors, caregiver factors, and nursing practice factors. The study highlights the environment's specificity in bed falls, especially bedside safety and patient-bed rail interaction. The innovation of this study lies in the successful utilisation of BERTopic technology to identify topics of risk factors for bed falls through alternative data sources, providing a scientific basis for formulating preventive measures. The findings aim to optimise nursing processes, improve ward environments and enhance educational training, ultimately reducing patient bed falls and enhancing medical safety, nursing quality and patient experience. This study not only helps nurses identify risk factors for patient bed falls, but also provides important guidance for developing effective prevention strategies. No patient or public contribution applied.

The maxillofacial region consists of soft and hard tissues that form the face and extend from the frontal bone superiorly to the mandible inferiorly. Because the face is the most exposed part of the body, it is especially vulnerable to trauma. Trauma to the maxillofacial regions is a major public health problem worldwide. Nearly 5% to 10% of trauma patients have facial fractures. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures among patients who visited Jimma Medical Center (JMC) dental clinic, Southwest Ethiopia. Institutional based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 331 patients (279 males and 52 females with a mean age of 26.23 ± 13.51 years) with maxillofacial fractures who visited JMC dental clinic from January 2018 to December 2020. To collect data first charts of the patients were found using their medical record numbers. Then information like socio-demographic characteristics, patterns of fractures, and causes of fractures, was collected using a structured and pretested checklist from the chart. Data was entered into the Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was done and presented by the use of tables, bar graphs and pie chart. The leading cause of fracture was road traffic accidents (45%), followed by assault (33.2%) and accidental fall (11.8%). Head (51.6%) injuries were the most common associated injuries. Surgical site infection (52.2%) was the most common posttreatment complication. The study’s findings can be used to guide public health activities, healthcare professional training, and resource allocation in Ethiopia in order to enhance maxillofacial fracture prevention, management, and outcomes.

11514 Background: It was hypothesized that anthracycline-based chemotherapy plus anti-PD1 (nivolumab) could enhance the activity of upfront chemotherapy in advanced UPS, based on a double-hit in the immunogenic cell death circuit. This peculiar tumor cell death eventually activates an adaptive immune response through particular molecular changes in dying tumor cells and microenvironment, triggered by specific drugs such as anthracyclines. We previously reported a phase Ib trial in leiomyosarcoma patients with the combination of doxorubicin, dacarbazine, and nivolumab, obtaining 56.5% of ORR. We present here the phase Ib, cohort 7a, of the ImmunoSarc2 trial. Methods: Adult patients (pts), with ECOG 0-1, naïve of previous anthracycline-containing treatments, and with a centrally confirmed diagnosis of advanced/metastatic UPS were eligible. Initial dose level 0 (L0) was defined as epirubicin 60 mg/m 2 /d 20 min on D1 and D2 followed by ifosfamide 3 g/m 2 /d 3-h on D1-3, plus nivolumab (NIV) 360 mg on D3 after chemotherapy. Cycles were given Q3W with GCSF and MESNA support. This combo would be given up to 6 courses of 21-day cycles, followed by 1-year NIV maintenance. A -1 dose level (L-1) was defined with the same regimen but with NIV 240 mg. A classic 3+3 phase 1 design was used to determine the MTD based on DLTs (main endpoint) observed during the first 21-day cycle. The cohort was foreseen to be extended with the RP2D to include up to a maximum of 20 evaluable patients. Secondary endpoints included ORR and safety profile among others. Results: Between January 2022 and June 2024, 16 patients M/F (9/7), ECOG 0/1 (15/1), with median age 56 years (29-77) were enrolled. All patients were treated with the initial L0 scheme and no DLTs were observed, being L0 the RP2D. Grade 3-4 toxicities were neutropenia 62.5%, febrile neutropenia 18.8%, anemia 31.3%, and thrombocytopenia 25%. A patient died following a subarachnoid hemorrhage in the context of grade 4 thrombocytopenia and an accidental fall. Of 16 patients, RECIST ORR according to local clinical site assessment was 68.8% distributed as 1 CR (6%), 10 PR (63 %), 4 SD (25%), and 1 PD (6%). With a median follow-up of 16.3 months (95% CI, 7.2-25.4), the median of PFS was 9.9 months (95% CI 7-12.7), while the median OS was not reached, and the 1-year OS rate was 81% (95% CI 62-100). Conclusions: Epirubicin 60 mg/m 2 /d d1-2 plus Ifosfamide 3 g/m 2 /d d1-3 plus NIV 360 mg on d3 Q3W, followed by 1 year of NIV is a feasible and manageable scheme that exhibits relevant activity as an upfront line in advanced UPS patients. A phase II/III trial is designed aiming to confirm the advantage of chemo-immunotherapy over chemotherapy alone in this context. Clinical trial information: NCT03277924 .

Falls are a substantial threat to public health globally and the leading cause of unintentional injury and death among individuals aged 65years and older. This study aimed to review the medical records of older patients in an ED after an accidental fall to summarize their documented care process and identify factors associated with hospitalization or discharge to home. A retrospective review of medical records (n=778) was conducted at a university hospital emergency department (ED) in Sweden. Descriptive statistics were used to report patient characteristics and differences in proportions based on information sources, the patient's inability to state the reason for the fall, and health- care interventions. The medical records documentation of all professionals focused on medical conditions but lacked information on social background, screening, and status in the ED. Being discharged after a fall accident (55%) was more common than being hospitalized (45%), and most hospitalizations were attributed to medical reasons. There were differences in documentation between hospitalized and discharged. Overall, the medical records of the hospitalized group had more information of patient's social situations and walking aids than the discharged group. The results highlight deficiencies in documenting critical patient information within ED medical records. These gaps in medical records hinder the effective assessment and management of fall risk in older adults. Therefore, implementing person-centered care (PCC) with a holistic approach along with fall prevention is essential.

Progressive global aging has increased the number of elderly individuals living alone. The consequent rise in fall accidents has worsened physical injuries, reduced the quality of life, and increased medical expenses. Existing wearable fall-detection devices may cause discomfort, and camera-based systems raise privacy concerns. Here, we propose a non-contact fall-detection system that integrates 4D imaging radar sensors with artificial intelligence (AI) technology to detect falls through real-time monitoring and visualization using a web-based dashboard and Unity engine-based avatar, along with immediate alerts. The system eliminates the need for uncomfortable wearable devices and mitigates the privacy issues associated with cameras. The radar sensors generate Point Cloud data (the spatial coordinates, velocity, Doppler power, and time), which allow analysis of the body position and movement. A CNN model classifies postures into standing, sitting, and lying, while changes in the speed and position distinguish falling actions from lying-down actions. The Point Cloud data were normalized and organized using zero padding and k-means clustering to improve the learning efficiency. The model achieved 98.66% accuracy in posture classification and 95% in fall detection. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed fall detection approach and suggests future directions in multi-sensor integration for indoor applications.

The imaging of fractures in radiology departments is the most vital step after bony trauma where 3D volume rendering CT gives immediate and through examination of musculoskeletal system. Volume rendering images has proved particularly significant for the diagnosis of subtle abnormalities. 3D (VR) is a technique of creating a realistic 2-D image that intuitively conveys 3-D relationships which can be easily understood by non-radiologists. Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the contribution of 3D (VR) computed tomography for the assessment of bone fractures at District Headquarter Hospital Timergara Dir (Lower), KPK, Pakistan. A total of 110 subjects with the history of trauma (bone fracture) confirmed on both X-ray and CT scan with 3D VR were recruited in the study. Toshiba X-ray and Toshiba Asteionsuper 4 CT scan machines were used. Exposures were taken in axial views of the region of interest with 5-10mm slice thickness at 100-250 KV. Predesigned questionnaires were used for data collection, which was then transferred on EXCEL software and then finally analyzed using MEDCALC. In our study the two main causes of trauma included history of fall and road traffic accident. The results showed that the complete and comminuted fractures were the commonest type of fractures among these patients. 3D rendered images on CT showed high accuracy in findings of number of fragments, fracture line type, soft tissue extension and detection of damage to the blood vessels. Only one brachial artery damage by humeral fracture remained undetected on CT which was revealed on intra-operatively. It is concluded that the three-dimension volume rendering technique is feasible, flexible and clinically accurate.