Failed Attempt Research Articles

FIRST REGISTERED PILOT TRIAL TO VALIDATE THE SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MATERNAL SPINDLE TRANSFER TO OVERCOME INFERTILITY ASSOCIATED WITH POOR OOCYTE QUALITY

Poor quality oocytes frequently fail to fertilise or produce embryos that arrest during their first days of culture in vitro. Oocyte cytoplasmic dysfunctions (including, but not limited to mitochondria) have been indicated as a major cause of this problem. Since maternal spindle transfer (MST) allows replacement of the entire cytoplasm of an affected oocyte, it holds promise for the enhancement of embryonic development. Recent studies in the mouse and in human oocytes donated for research have confirmed the technical feasibility of MST and provided reassurance concerning safety. Here we present results from the first registered pilot trial aiming to reveal whether MST has potential to overcome infertility caused by poor oocyte quality. This pilot trial (ISRCTN 11455145) was restricted to 25 patients, selected based on their multiple previous failed IVF attempts, in each case associated with massive embryo development arrest. Female age over 40y/o and severe male factor were exclusion criteria. Procedures were authorized by the National Authority of Assisted Reproduction (437/23.9.2016) and approved by the Hospital’s IRB. Informed consent was obtained from patients and donors to conduct all procedures and follow-up the children born. The meiotic spindle from patient’s oocytes was isolated in a minimal cytoplasmic volume and transferred to a previously enucleated donor oocyte. MST oocytes were inseminated by ICSI and cultured up to 6 days in a time-lapse incubator. Good morphology blastocysts underwent biopsy, aneuploidy testing and analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) carryover levels. SNPs analysis and DNA fingerprints were used to confirm the origin of the nuclear genome and mtDNA in biopsied samples, amniotic fluid and somatic tissues of resulting children. A total of 25 MST cycles were performed in patients with an average age of 37.1 y/o and a mean number of previous failed IVF attempts of 5.7 (min 3 and max 11). The mean number of MII oocytes used for MST per patient was 4.4. MST was applied successfully in 113 of 123 oocytes (91.9%) used. Normal fertilization was confirmed in 76.1% (86/113) of injected oocytes and 52 of these developed into good quality blastocysts (60.5%). Genetic screening revealed 50% (26/52) of embryo biopsy specimens to be euploid and mtDNA carryover levels <1%. In 16/25 cases, at least one euploid blastocyst of good morphology was obtained. Thus far, single blastocyst transfers were performed in 9 patients, resulting in 6 clinical pregnancies (66.7%). Two patients have delivered a healthy child and 3 more pregnancies are ongoing. Genetic analyses of the biopsied cells, amniotic fluid and samples collected after birth (blood, urine, saliva, cord blood, placenta) confirmed the parentage of the children and the origin of the donated mtDNA. Follow-up studies are being performed on the children born. Given the difficult reproductive history of the patients, results are encouraging. However, more carefully controlled pilot trials and follow-up studies are needed to provide more insights into the efficacy of MST to overcome infertility.

Decriminalizing Attempt to Suicide in Pakistan (Treatment not Punishment; An Analytical Study)

Life is a precious gift of God and every mankind is bound to observe its sanctity. But several reasons and mental disorders have taken the force from mankind to observe the sanctity of life and as a result, they take their lives by committing suicide. By definition, Suicide refers, to the act of killing oneself, most often as a result of some mental illness. Suicide is a misfortune and to some extent a mystery. As of late, the pace of suicide has expanded in Pakistan and it has become a significant issue of the ongoing period. The surveyed pace of suicide in Pakistan as per the World Health Organization (WHO) was 7.5 per 100,000 individuals, in 2012. In straightforward words, around 13,000 individuals ended it all that year. The gauge was 2.9 per 100,000 for example more than 5,500 took their lives, in 2016. Around 15 to 35 individuals end their lives in Pakistan consistently. Hanging, utilization of bug sprays and guns are the most widely recognized techniques for ending it all. Pakistan is among few countries in which attempted suicide is yet a culpable offense as it has condemned the suicide and its attempt under Section 325 of Pakistan Penal Code 1860 with either punishment or fine or both. It is relevant to make reference to that perpetrating suicide is an ailment not wrongdoing as an individual who endeavors to end it all experiences mental issues like; sadness, tension, disappointment and he ought to be given treatment, not discipline. An individual who endeavors to end it all and comes up short ought to be treated as a 'patient', not as a guilty party of a failed suicide attempt‟. This Research Project will provide a deep insight into the problem of criminalizing suicide and attempt to suicide‟. In addition, also provide a framework for omitting or repealing Section 325 of PPC by replacing the punishment with treatment/rehabilitation.

True Cost of Immediacy

Traditional liquidity measures can provide a false impression of the liquidity and stability of financial market trading. Using data on auctions (bids wanted in competition; BWICs) from the collateralized loan obligation (CLO) market, we show that a standard measure of liquidity, the effective bid-ask spread, dramatically underestimates the true cost of immediacy because it does not account for failed attempts to trade. The true cost of immediacy is substantially higher than the observed costs for successful BWICs. This cost gap is higher in lower-rated CLOs and stressful market conditions when failure rates exceed 50%. Across our 2012-2020 sample period for trades in senior CLOs, the observed cost is four basis points (bps) while the true cost of immediacy is 13bps. In stressful periods, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, for junior tranches the observed cost of trading increases from an average of 12bps to 25bps while the true cost of immediacy increases from less than 3% to almost 15%.

Sigmoid colonic perforation by foreign body rectum: A case report

Rectal foreign bodies are infrequently encountered in surgical practice and present perplexing management situations. They can be dealt with in varied manners depending on their size, location, presentation, and expertise available. Surgery with a laparotomy is usually reserved for patients with perforation or ischemic bowel or cases of failed transanal attempts. Patients with perforation who present early, having minimal or no peritoneal contamination can be managed with primary repair and peritoneal lavage. We report a case of rectosigmoid foreign body presenting as an acute abdomen in elderly patient necessitating emergency laparotomy.

Ultrasound-Guided Out-of-Plane Versus In-Plane Radial Artery Cannulation in Adult Cardiac Surgical Patients

The primary objective was to compare the rate of first-pass radial arterial cannulation using out-of-plane ultrasound guidance with in-plane imaging. The secondary endpoints were a comparison of the number of times the cannula was redirected, the number of attempts, the number of skin punctures, the incidence of hematoma, the time to completion of the cannulation procedure, and the number of failed attempts between the 2 ultrasound imaging techniques. A prospective, randomized, observational study. A tertiary cardiac care center. Adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Radial artery cannulation with ultrasound guidance. Eighty-four adult patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to the out-of-plane ultrasound group (group I, n = 42) or the in-plane ultrasound group (group II, n = 42) for left radial artery cannulation. A linear ultrasound probe was used to identify the radial artery. In each approach, the number of times first-pass success was achieved, the number of times the cannula was redirected, the number of skin punctures, the incidence of hematomas, and the number of failed attempts were recorded. The first-pass success rate was greater in the in-plane ultrasound group and was statistically significant (p = 0.007). In the out-of-plane ultrasound group, a larger number of patients needed redirection of the cannula (p = 0.002). The number of patients in whom the skin needed to be punctured more than once was greater in the out-of-plane ultrasound group compared with the in-plane ultrasound group (p = 0.002). The incidence of hematoma formation and time to completion of the technique were similar in both groups (p = 0.241 and p = 0.792, respectively). In-plane ultrasound guidance appeared to be superior for achieving a higher first-pass success rate more often with minimal redirections and skin punctures compared with out-of-plane ultrasound guidance.

Maternal perceptions of the experience of attempted labor induction and medically elective inductions: analysis of survey results from listening to mothers in California

BackgroundThe rate of induction of labor in the U.S. has risen from 9.6% in 1990 to 25.7% in 2018, including 31.7% of first-time births. Recent studies that have examined inductions have been small qualitative studies or relied on either medical records or administrative data. This study examines induction from the perspective of those women who experienced it, with a particular focus on the prevalence and predictors of inductions for nonmedical indications, women’s experience of pressure to induce labor and the relationship between the attempt to medically initiate labor and cesarean section.MethodsStudy data are drawn from the 2119 respondents to the Listening to Mothers in California survey who were planning to have a vaginal birth in 2016. Mothers were asked if there had been an attempt to medically initiate labor, if it actually started labor, if they felt pressured to have the induction, if they had a cesarean and the reason for the induction. Reasons for induction were classified as either medically indicated or elective.ResultsAlmost half (47%) of our respondents indicated an attempt was made to medically induce their labor, and 71% of those attempts initiated labor. More than a third of the attempts (37%) were elective. Attempted induction overall was most strongly associated with giving birth at 41+ weeks (aOR 3.28; 95% C.I. 2.21–4.87). Elective inductions were more likely among multiparous mothers and in pregnancies at 39 or 40 weeks. The perception of being pressured to have labor induced was related to higher levels of education, maternal preference for less medical intervention in birth, having an obstetrician compared to a midwife and gestational ages of 41+ weeks. Cesarean birth was more likely in the case of overall induction (aOR 1.51; 95% C.I. 1.11–2.07) and especially following a failed attempt at labor induction (aOR 4.50; 95% C.I. 2.93–6.90).ConclusionClinicians counselling mothers concerning the need for labor induction should be aware of mothers’ perceptions about birth and engage in true shared decision making in order to avoid the maternal perception of being pressured into labor induction.

Toddler emotion expressions and emotional traits: Associations with parent-toddler verbal conversation

The present study examines how toddler emotions may influence their own or their parents’ participation in parent-toddler verbal conversation. Limited, indirect evidence suggests that toddler positive emotions may encourage, whereas negative emotions may disrupt, parent-toddler verbal exchanges, but these hypotheses have not been tested directly. We investigated two aspects of toddler emotions– their emotion expressions and their emotional traits– and examined their relations with parent-toddler verbal conversation engagement. In a sample of families with 18-month-olds (N = 120), we used live, unstructured home observations of toddler emotion expressions and spontaneous parent-toddler verbalizations, and collected parent ratings of toddler temperament. We found that less surgent toddlers who expressed more frequent negative emotion attempted fewer verbalizations. Among all toddlers, those expressing positive emotion received more frequent parent verbal responses, and, unexpectedly, more failed parent attempts to engage their toddler in conversation. Parent-initiated conversation was unrelated to toddler emotion expressions or emotional traits. We discuss how best to integrate the study of early emotional and language development from a transactional perspective.

Successful Revascularization has a Significant Impact on Limb Salvage Rate and Wound Healing for Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Single-Centre Retrospective Analysis with a Multidisciplinary Approach.

Analyze the impact of endovascular revascularization on major amputation rates and wound healing for patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Single-center retrospective study from 2014-2018 including 314 patients with DFUs submitted to endovascular revascularizations. Group A-patients with a successful endovascular revascularization (n = 285; 90.8%); Group B-patients submitted to a failed attempt of endovascular revascularization (n = 29; 9.2%). Baseline data were not significantly different between the 2 groups (p > 0.05). Both groups were compared regarding: major amputation rates; wound healing, mortality and adverse events. Survival and regression analyses were used. Mean follow-up time was 734.1 ± 610.2days. Major amputation rates were 3.9% versus 24.1% (p < 0.0001) and complete wound healing was 53.7% versus 20.7% (p < 0.0001) for patients from Group A versus Group B, respectively. Major adverse events were registered in 2 patients (one from each group); minor adverse events included 10 patients from Group A and 2 patients from Group B (p = 0.3654). Major amputation rates were: 3.9% versus 27.5% at 1year; 4.6% versus 27.5% at 2-5years for Group A versus Group B, respectively (p < 0.0001). Survival rates were: 87.8% at 1year; 84.4% at 2years; and 77.9% at 5years with no significant differences between groups. Predictors for major amputation included failed revascularization (p < 0.0001), older age (p = 0.0394), prior stroke (0.0018), dialysis (0.0476). Predictors for mortality included older age (p < 0.0001) and coronary artery disease (p = 0.0388). Endovascular revascularization for patients with DFUs is safe and has a significant impact on limb salvage and wound healing.

CT-guided blood tattoo for thoracoscopic excision of lung lesions in pediatric patients

BackgroundTo describe a single-institutional experience with an innovative technique using CT-guided injection of autologous blood for localization of nonpleural-based pulmonary nodules prior to thoracoscopic excisional biopsy in pediatric patients.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients under the age of 18 with lung lesions suspected to be malignant that were not pleural-based lesions and were not of adequate size to visualize at thoracoscopy, who underwent CT-guided blood tattoo (CGBT) localization between 2006–2019. CGBT was performed under general anesthesia by injecting 0.5–10 mL of autologous blood into the area of the lesions. The patients were then immediately transferred from interventional radiology to the operating room for thoracoscopic excision of the lesion. Demographics, location of lesions, indication for biopsy, and pathology were reviewed.ResultsIn eleven pediatric patients (ages ranging from 4–18 years), preoperative CGBT localization of pulmonary nodules resulted in successful thoracoscopic excisional biopsy. All resections were diagnostic and 82% (9/11 cases) represented a metastatic malignancy as confirmed by pathology. Malignant nodules ranged from 2 to 14 mm in size, while a 13 mm nodule in a patient with history of AML was determined to be an organizing pneumonia and a 12 mm nodule in a second patient revealed a caseating granuloma consistent with Crohn’s disease. One patient with a failed attempt at excisional biopsy without preoperative localization then underwent CGBT one week later with successful thoracoscopic excision of the nodule.ConclusionsCT-guided blood tattoo is a safe option for localization of nonpleural-based lung nodules prior to thoracoscopic excision in pediatric patients.

Tibiopedal and distal femoral retrograde vascular access for challenging chronic total occlusions: predictors for technical success, and complication rates in a large single-center cohort

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of tibiopedal and distal femoral access for retrograde crossing of chronic total occlusion (CTO) in Rutherford stage III to VI peripheral arterial occlusive disease, and to determine factors that correlate with technical success.Material and methodsOne hundred seventy-one consecutive patients were included in this retrospective study. Rutherford stages were III, IV, and V/VI in 24%, 8%, and 67% of patients. Inclusion criteria were CTO at the superficial femoral (SFA), popliteal (PA), and/or below-the-knee (BTK) level, and a failed antegrade treatment followed by a distal retrograde approach. The numbers of occluded vascular levels (OVL), lesion length, degree of calcification, technical success rate, complications, and clinical outcome were noted.ResultsOVL were 1 in 72%, 2 in 20%, and 3 in 8% of patients. CTOs were longer than 20 cm in 45.6% of cases and showed severe calcifications in 50.3%. Target vessels for distal access were the distal SFA/PA in 17% and BTK in 83%. The overall technical success rate was 82%. Severe calcification decreased technical success (p = 0.01) despite lesion length and Rutherford stage. Clinical outcome improved in 123/152 patients with a significant increase of the median ABI (N = 158) from 0.53 (interquartile range 0.39 to 0.61) to 0.85 (0.59 to 1.03; p < 0.001). Complications were reported in 7.6% cases with 2.3% related to the distal vascular access.ConclusionThe tibiopedal and distal femoral retrograde access presents a safe and effective treatment option of CTOs at the thigh and/or BTK after a failed antegrade attempt improving clinical outcome. Technical success decreased with lesion’s degree of calcification.Key Points• Safety and effectiveness of the tibiopedal and distal femoral access for retrograde crossing of chronic total occlusion.• Target lesion’s degree of calcification decreases technical success.• Complications related to the distal vascular access were rare.

Die ultraschallgesteuerte periphere Venenpunktion bei schlechtem Venenstatus

In the case of a poor peripheral venous status the use of conventional approaches is associated with several failed attempts, delay of treatment, increased pain and escalation to more invasive techniques. Ultrasound-guided venous access has become increasingly popular for difficult venous access; however, in German-speaking countries it has not yet become as popular as in English-speaking countries. First attempt success rates are high, but the factors contributing to the time needed for ultrasound-guided venous access are not well investigated. It is hypothesized that body mass index (BMI), vein diameter and depth contribute to the time needed for successfully establishing aperipheral vein access in patients with a difficult venous status. This study included 68patients with a poor venous status. After written consent was obtained patient characteristics were documented and upper extremity veins eligible for access were scanned with ultrasound with the aim of performing an ultrasound-guided venous access. The following time periods were documented: 1) first skin contact with the ultrasound probe, 2) time to identify an accessible vein, 3) time for venous access. Of the patients 67 were successfully punctured by ultrasound-guided venous access, 65 at the first attempt and 2 at the second attempt. In one patient conventional venous access was obtained at the same time. Ahigher BMI was associated with asignificantly shorter total puncture time (+1BMI point ≙ -2.25 s) and ashorter vein identification time (+1BMI point ≙ -1.82 s). Agreater vein diameter correlated with ashorter total time (-14.23 s/mm) and agreater depth correlated with an increased total time (+1.65 s/mm). Agreater vein diameter and ahigher BMI contribute to ashorter time period for ultrasound-guided venous access. Obese patients with difficult venous access may benefit from ultrasound-guided venous access, which could be explained by the imaging contrast with a higher proportion of subcutaneous fatty tissue.

Dominance or prestige: A review of the effects of power poses and other body postures

AbstractResearch on the effects of body positions has attracted enormous attention in recent years but has been plagued by failed replication attempts. Today, there is some confusion about which effects can be considered reliable. One problem that may have contributed to this confusion is the fact that most previous studies have not clearly distinguished between different types of body positions. We apply the dominance‐prestige framework to distinguish between two types of body positions. On the basis of this reasoning, we argue that research on so‐called power poses in fact has analyzed expansiveness as an indicator of dominance, whereas research on postures has focused on the straightness of the spine, which may be seen as a display of prestige. We review the literature and conclude that there is no clear evidence that short‐term interventions involving body positions affect physiology or behavior. Still, there are effects on actors' self‐perceptions. Repeatedly, studies on power poses have found effects on feelings of power and self‐evaluations, and studies on postures have found effects on emotional experience. However, there is hardly any research that has directly compared the two types of interventions.

Flexible surge capacity - public health, public education, and disaster management.

Background: Failed attempts to improve the delivery of healthcare to communities show distinct flaws that have a higher impact during a major incident or disaster (MID). This study evaluates the concept of surge capacity, which intends to achieve a balance between the needs and resources in affected areas by providing staff, stuff, structure, and system. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed according to the PRISMA statement and by using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and related keywords. Results: There were limited publications about flexible surge capacity (FSC). However, the sum of data obtained indicated the need for flexibility in expanding major incidents or disasters, demanding new resources, which may neither be available on time nor reachable due to infrastructural damage. Conclusion: FSC is a novel concept based on international guidelines. It refers to the extra and adjustable human and material resources that can be mobilized by activating nonprofessional but educated staff and different but accepted facilities in a fast, smooth, and productive way. Public health and public education play an essential role in obtaining such flexibility.

Outcomes of inflatable penile prosthesis insertion using a neotunica allograft in neophalluses of patients on the bladder exstrophy–epispadias complex spectrum

Men born on the bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) spectrum may undergo neophallus reconstruction with a variety of free flaps, most commonly radial forearm. In order to achieve erectile function, a penile prosthesis may be inserted following neophallus construction. In this study, we sought to describe the perioperative and clinical outcomes of inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) insertion into neophalluses of patients along the BEEC spectrum. Using a prospectively maintained institutional BEEC database, patients who had undergone both neophallus creation and IPP placement were identified for this study. Surgery was performed by two surgeons with expertise in IPP implantation. Operative details and postoperative outcomes and complications were collected with review of the medical record. Overall, there were a total of 13 men who underwent neophallus reconstruction with subsequent IPP placement. Of these men, 76.9% (10/13) had experienced successful primary closure in childhood. One patient had corporal loss secondary to complete primary repair of exstrophy (CPRE) following a failed primary attempt. The average age at IPP placement was 23.2 years (SD±5.06). Mean OR time (n=11) was 244.8min (SD±46.2). 76.9% (10/13) of the cases used AlloDerm™ as a neotunica albuginea for support of the IPP. Three patients (23.1%) experienced complications all of which required revision surgery. Two of these complications were erosions in patients for whom AlloDerm™ was not used in the initial IPP placement. The results of this study suggest that IPP placement in neophalluses of males on the BEEC spectrum have low perioperative and postoperative morbidity with successful outcomes. While the rate of complications is notably higher in this group compared to the native penis IPP literature, the use of AlloDerm™ or other allograft materials may help to narrow this gap. IPP placement in neophalluses of men on the BEEC spectrum is successful in the majority of cases. Complications may be reduced with the use of AlloDerm™ in initial placement.

Transition From an ICU Ventilator to a Portable Home Ventilator in Children.

The transition from an ICU ventilator to a portable home ventilator (PHV) for children requiring long-term mechanical ventilation is a crucial step in preparing for discharge home and may not be successful on the first attempt. A review of this process at our institution revealed that some children required multiple trials before they were able to tolerate a PHV. A protocol was developed to standardize the transition process and reduce the number of failed attempts. Key features of the protocol included a transition readiness assessment and criteria for changing to the PHV. A retrospective chart review was completed to evaluate the process of changing to a PHV before and after the protocol was in place during the time period of 2011-2018. Primary outcome measures included the number of transition attempts and the length of time to achieve successful transition. A successful transition attempt was defined as the ability to tolerate a PHV for 14 d. The study included 56 children ≤ 3 y old with a tracheostomy who required long-term ventilator support. The majority of subjects were from the neonatal ICU and had a diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. There was a significant decrease in the number of attempts (P = .005) and in the length of time (P = .01) to successfully transition to a PHV for those who underwent the protocol. The process of changing from an ICU ventilator to a PHV in children requiring long-term mechanical ventilation was improved through the use of a standardized protocol. Both the number of failed attempts and the length of time to achieve successful transition were reduced when the protocol was applied. Further study is needed to evaluate other medical and nonmedical factors that may affect successful transition to a PHV.

From Denizen to Citizen: Contesting Representations of Young People and the Voting Age

The point of departure for this article is the failed attempt in Australia in 2018 to lower the voting age below 18. The focus is on citizenship and how particular representations of children and young people are used to justify not giving young people the vote. I draw on the theory of representations developed by Bourdieu (1992), Moscovici (1980) as well as Taylor’s theory of misrecognition (1994) to highlight how particular representations are used in some arguments made by those opposing the enfranchisement of people under 18 years of age. Those representations emphasise alleged deficiencies in young people’s political literacy, capacity for good judgement and experience due largely to a developmental stage in the life cycle they are said to occupy. In assessing these arguments, evidence is provided that demonstrates the various ways young people are being political and well able to engage in complex political processes and exercise good judgment. This raises various issues about how the political capabilities of young people are understood in a context characterized as a crisis of democracy.

Oblique versus longitudinal axis/in-plane approaches for ultrasound-guided radial arterial cannulation: A randomised controlled trial.

Oblique versus longitudinal axis/in-plane approaches for ultrasound-guided radial arterial cannulation: A randomised controlled trial.

Results of the treatment of distal radius fractures with a proprietary implant, the DRONes nail plate – preliminary report

Introduction. Distal radius fractures are one of the most common bone injuries. Modern treatment methods are needed not only to reduce the time needed to heal, but also allow the wrist the full range of motion as soon as possible. The solution should provide stable bone fixation with the least possible damage to soft tissues, which will allow quick recovery of extremity function. The method meeting these criteria is intramedullary fixation. Aim of the study. To evaluate the treatment results of distal radius fractures with the DRONes® hybrid nail plate. Material and methods. The study group consists of patients with distal radius fracture treated with open reduction and intramedullary fixation. Patients aged 24 to 69 years (average 54 years) were operated on after a failed attempt to adjust the fracture using the closed reduction method. 40 distal fractures of the distal radius qualified for the following 5 types according to AO: 2 fractures -A2, 5 -A3, 8 -C1, 14 -C2, 11 -C3. Two weeks after the surgery, X-rays were performed to check the position of the bone fragments and implant. After a further 6-7 weeks, the union and wrist function were evaluated. Results. Bone union was achieved in all patients within 8-9 weeks, and the range of wrist mobility was only slightly limited. The most common complication was the neurapraxia of the superficial branch of the radial nerve disappearing after 6-8 weeks. Conclusions. Patients treated with the DRONes® hybrid nail plate achieve good functional results after 8-9 weeks and can return to work and their preinjury lifestyle. An additional advantage is the simple surgical technique.

The Importance of the Intubation Process for the Safety of Emergency Airway Management.

The Importance of the Intubation Process for the Safety of Emergency Airway Management.

Interim Guidance for Basic and Advanced Life Support in Adults, Children, and Neonates With Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19: From the Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation Adult and Pediatric Task Forces of the American Heart Association.

Interim Guidance for Basic and Advanced Life Support in Adults, Children, and Neonates With Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19: From the Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation Adult and Pediatric Task Forces of the American Heart Association.