Energy Efficiency Factor Research Articles

A step towards green economic policy framework: role of renewable energy and climate risk for green economic recovery

According to the World Bank, energy efficiency is a critical facilitator of most Sustainable Development Goals. Its contribution to CO2 emission reduction is astounding. Environmentalists have recently emphasized the essential need to determine energy efficiency causes. This research broadens the debate's horizons by proposing additional possible energy efficiency factors using data from the Chinese economy. From 1990 to 2020, we examined the influence of investment in renewable energy resources, financial inclusion, industrial production, and trade openness on China's energy efficiency and climate risk. Additionally, this study is added to the literature by examining the causal relationships between variables while considering the temporal dimension. The findings indicate that industrial production, financial inclusion, public R&D on renewable energy, and trade openness contribute significantly to China's energy efficiency and climate risk. All other factors, except industrial production, are positively associated with energy efficiency. The path of causality is established from energy efficiency and climate risk to financial inclusion, industrial production, renewable energy, public research and development budgets, and trade openness. According to the findings, changes in energy performance have frequency-changing impacts on all variables. Policymakers believe that the financial system must be strengthened since this will significantly influence renewable energy.

General Strength, Energy Efficiency (EEDI), and Energy Wave Criterion (EWC) of Deadrise Hulls for Transitional Mode

Abstract In the modern world, environmental issues come to the fore. The document of MARPOL for reducing the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere relates to the energy efficiency coefficient EEDI. This coefficient is directly related to the power of the main engine and, accordingly, to the water resistance. The way to reduce the energy efficiency factor EEDI by increasing the relative length L V 3 {L \over {\root 3 \of V }} of the ship was proposed in this article. To determine the maximum value of the relative length, knowledge of the general strength of the vessel is required. The value of the relative section modulus of an equivalent girder for a small vessel of transitional mode is defined. The result of the graphic solution of two equations is the value of such a relative section modulus. This parameter is required to determine the limiting value of the relative length and to find solutions to reduce the coefficient EEDI. Comparative analysis of the obtained data with the data of the strength and weight of the H-girder with a length similar to the ship was conducted. The formula for determining the limiting value of the relative length was obtained from the equation of general strength. For a preliminary assessment of the future project of the ship, in terms of permissible design accelerations and the possibility of the ship moving against a sea wave of a certain height, a graph was built based on the application of the energy wave criterion EWC and the requirements of various classification societies.

Factors influencing magnetic resonance imaging finding of endopelvic fascial edema after ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation of uterine fibroids

Objective Investigate the relationships between endopelvic fascial edema and its influencing factors after ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) ablation of uterine fibroids. Methods This retrospective study included 688 women with uterine fibroids treated by USgHIFU; based on post-treatment MRI, the patients were divided into two groups: endopelvic fascial edema group and nonedema group. The specific location of fascial edema of each patient was also recorded. Fascial edema and fibroid features and treatment parameters were set as the dependent and independent variables, respectively, and the correlations were studied using univariate and multivariate analyses. The relationship between the pain-related adverse events and location of fascial edema was analyzed by χ2 and fisher's exact tests. Results Edema and nonedema groups had 556 and 112 patients, respectively. Among the edema patients, posterior fascial edema incidence was the highest. Multifactorial analysis showed that the energy efficiency factor (EEF), fibroid location, and enhancement type were positively associated with endopelvic fascial edema (p < 0.05), while the distance from dorsal surface of the fibroid to sacrum was negatively correlated (p < 0.001). Patients with anterior, posterior and perirectal, and right lateral fascial edemas were associated with lower abdominal pain, sacrococcygeal pain, and leg numbness/pain, respectively. Conclusion Post-USgHIFU ablation, patients were prone to developing endopelvic fascial edema, and some of them experienced pain-related adverse events. The fibroid location, its types of contrast enhancement, the distance from the dorsal surface of the fibroid to the sacrum, and EEF were the influencing factors resulting in the endopelvic fascial edema after USgHIFU ablation.

The superefficiency direction distance function and total factor energy efficiency: Evidence from the comprehensive and progressive agreement for trans‐pacific partnership (CPTPP) member countries

AbstractThis study used the superefficiency direction distance function and total factor energy efficiency to evaluate the changes in energy efficiency and total factor energy efficiency of 11 member countries of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans‐Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) from 2013 to 2017. Based on the results, we consider the policy implications for CPTPP members, and suggest approaches to improve the direction and range of the difference variable for aalyzing energy efficiency performance. In the selection of variables, input variables include labor force, energy consumption, and capital formation; undesirable output variables include the domestic production gross, life expectancy, and PM2.5. The results show that Canada, Japan, and Mexico have the best performance in terms of energy superefficiency and total factor energy efficiency; in contrast, Chile, Malaysia, Peru, and Vietnam would benefit from improved energy efficiency. Energy efficiency can be improved by reducing labor and final energy consumption, increasing gross domestic product, and reducing PM2.5. However, simultaneously improving all three factors is challenging. Countries should first focus on appropriately adjusting energy policies, actively developing new energy use, improving production technology, avoiding waste, reducing PM2.5, and accelerating urban development to achieve optimal energy efficiency.

Analysis of China's energy efficiency and influencing factors under carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals

Nowadays, China's economy and energy structure are deeply adjusting to the direction of low-carbonization and non-carbonization with unprecedented efforts. This paper considered carbon emissions and energy endowments, adopted SBM-Undesirable model and spatial Durbin model to calculate the energy efficiency of 30 provinces and municipalities in China from 2015 to 2019 and analyze the direct effect, indirect effect and total effect on energy efficiency of 7 variables. Empirical results show that: Energy efficiency has spatial positive correlation and agglomeration characteristics; The main influencing factor of China's energy efficiency is energy consumption structure; Regions with strong energy endowment bear the environmental pollution cost of energy consumption areas in China; Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) exists in China, but different provinces and municipalities are distributed in disparate stages; Research and development (R&D) investment only affects local energy efficiency, and has no spillover effect on surrounding areas in China; Foreign direct investment (FDI) has negative impacts on China's energy efficiency, and there is a phenomenon of pollution paradise. The valuable conclusions obtained in this study deepens the insights about the influencing factors of China's energy efficiency under the constraints of carbon emission and energy endowment.

Assessment of a novel solar-powered polygeneration system highlighting efficiency, exergy, economic and environmental factors

A comprehensive assessment of the energetics parameters for a novel design of a multi-generation system including a heliostat field, a CO2 cycle, a desalination unit, an electrodialysis unit, and a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) unit is conducted. The outputs of the system are electric power, cooling, heating, desalinated water, NaClO, and hydrogen. The study quantifies energy efficiency, exergy, exergoenvironmental and key environmental factors. The assessment additionally incorporates economic and environmental features of the proposed system to highlight the related social costs of air pollution. A comparison of system performance against conventional non-renewable energy-powered systems is highlighted through four scenarios. The system produces 11.89 GWh/year electrical energy, 5.3 GWh/year cooling, 6.5 GWh/year heating, 9.8 ton/year NaClO, 2.2 × 108 m3/year hydrogen, and 2.8 × 105 m3/year desalinated water with estimated values of the energy and exergy efficiencies at 22.39 % and 40.24 %, respectively, and payback period for the investment is determined to be 5 years.

Understanding energy efficiency decisions in the building sector – A survey of barriers and drivers in Sweden

A sustainable building sector with a more energy-efficient and decarbonized building stock is important for mitigating climate change. This paper contributes to knowledge on how to increase energy efficiency investments by presenting a nationwide survey on the perception of barriers and drivers for energy efficiency among 216 professionals in the Swedish building sector. This study explores economic, behavioral, and organizational conditions and analyzes the conventional dependencies on (1) type of ownership and (2) size of the organization, but also adds analysis on (3) degree of urbanization, (4) climate zones and (5) profession. Together these dependencies enhance a custom design of policies and measures. The findings show that hidden costs and bounded rationality were prominent barriers due to problems to acquire and analyze information, which needs to be addressed. In addition to the economic driver to reduce cost, several behavioral and organizational drivers were emphasized. There were distinct economic differences depending on the type of ownership and size of the organizations. Well-developed organizational structures were important factors for energy efficiency, which policies and measures should address. Differences were seen between organizations operating in rural areas and more densely populated areas. An improved indoor climate was important in northern climate zones. • Hidden costs and bounded rationality are the main barriers. • The perception of lack of capital is dependent on the type of ownership. • Dependencies found regarding degree of urbanization, climate zones, and professions. • Challenges among organizations in less populated areas, and in the north of Sweden. • Widely diverse perceptions among different professions.

On Performance Loss of DOA Measurement Using Massive MIMO Receiver With Mixed-ADCs

High hardware cost and high power consumption of massive multiple-input and multiple output (MIMO) are two challenges for the future wireless communications including sixth generation (6G). Adopting the low-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is viewed as a promising solution. Additionally, the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is an indispensable technology for beam alignment and tracking in massive MIMO systems. Thus, in this letter, the performance of DOA estimation with mixed-ADC structure is firstly investigated. The Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for this architecture is derived based on the additive quantization noise model. Eventually, a performance loss factor and the associated energy efficiency factor is defined for analysis in detail. Simulation results show that the mixed-ADC architecture can strike a good balance among performance loss, circuit cost and energy efficiency. More importantly, just a few bits (up to 4 bits) of low-resolution ADCs can achieve a satisfactory performance for DOA measurement.

Examining energy efficiency requirements in building energy standards: Implications of sustainable energy consumption

ABSTRACT Energy efficiency factors in building codes and standards are crucial components that are prescribed to buildings to augment their energy efficiency. The objective of this study was to prioritize these vital energy efficiency factors. The present study derives its motivation from energy design and execution professionals, who face the challenge of selecting certain energy factors that may result in a trade-off over other factors. A fuzzy set theory with a decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) methodology was employed to obtain the results. A ranked list of prioritized energy efficiency factors is one of the key contributions of this research. We demonstrate that energy efficiency factors can be evaluated according to the degree of their importance. Based on the results, it was concluded that outdoor and indoor climatic conditions, air conditioning systems, orientation of buildings, and ventilation are the four most significant and highest-ranked factors that affect the energy efficiency of a building.

Investigation of Tyre Pattern Effect on the Aerodynamics of a Passenger Vehicle

Abstract The wheels of a passenger vehicle are one of the major contributors to the total aerodynamic drag, making their aerodynamic performance a considerable factor for the overall energy efficiency of the vehicle. Previous studies have shown that the complex flow field created by the wheels is sensitive to small geometrical variations of the tyre and that features such as shoulder profile and tread pattern can have a significant impact on drag and lift. In this study, the DrivAer model is used to evaluate the flow fields and aerodynamics of four tyre tread patterns with two rim designs. Full-scale wind tunnel tests were conducted where forces, surface pressures and flow fields were measured. Numerical simulations were also performed to aid the analysis. Using a slick tyre as the reference, it was found that rain grooves typically reduced the drag, whereas the effect of lateral grooves was dependent on the rim configuration. For the lift forces, the largest lift variations were obtained for the front lift which, in general, was reduced by rain grooves and increased by lateral grooves, most notably for the closed rim. The importance of considering the parasitic lift force acting on the wheel drive units when comparing experiments and simulations was demonstrated.

Predictive value of image indexes of B-mode and power Doppler sonography on the efficacy of high intensity focused ultrasound ablation for uterine fibroids

Objective To investigate the value of the image indexes of B-mode and power Doppler sonography in predicting the therapeutic efficacy of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for uterine fibroids. Materials and methods Two hundred and three patients with a solitary uterine fibroid were enrolled in this study. Every patient underwent transvaginal sonography (TVS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before HIFU. The patients were divided into hypointense, isointense and hyperintense fibroid groups based on T2 weighted MR imaging characteristics, and ultrasonic image indexes of the fibroids in different groups were compared. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between ultrasonic image indexes and energy efficiency factor (EEF), non-perfused volume (NPV) ratio of uterine fibroids. Results Among them, 72 patients had a hypointense fibroid, 70 had an isointense fibroid and 61 had a hyperintense fibroid. Significant differences were observed in the ultrasound imaging gray scale value difference between the myometrium and uterine fibroids (GSmyo-fib), the ultrasound imaging gray scale value ratio of fibroids over the myometrium (GSfib/myo), and the ratio of power Doppler pixel area to fibroid area (PDPA/FA) among the three groups (p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that the PDPA/FA and the location of fibroids were the factors affecting the NPV ratio, a model for predicting the NPV ratio was established. Conclusions A model with the PDPA/FA for NPV ratio could be used to predict the therapeutic efficacy of HIFU for fibroids.

Dosimetric analysis of ultrasound-guided high intensity focused ultrasound ablation for breast fibroadenomas: a retrospective study

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the sonication dosage and efficiency of ultrasound-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) for breast fibroadenomas. Materials and Methods Forty-nine patients with 78 breast fibroadenomas who underwent USgHIFU were retrospectively analyzed. The energy efficiency factor (EEF) was set as dependent variable, and the factors possibly influencing the sonication dosage, including age, body mass index (BMI), fibroadenoma size, distance from the shallow margin of the fibroadenoma to skin, distance from the deep margin of the fibroadenoma to pectoralis major, types of near field acoustic pathway, and Adler blood flow classification of ultrasound, were set as independent variables. The correlation between EEF and these independent variables were analyzed, and an optimal scaling regression model was established. Results Fibroadenoma size, distance from the shallow margin of the fibroadenoma to skin and type of near field acoustic pathway had significant correlation with EEF (p < 0.05). An EEF (ŷ) dosimetry model of ŷ= −0.496X1 + 0.287X2 + 0.203X3 was established, in which X1 stands for size of fibroadenoma, X2 stands for the distance from shallow margin of the fibroadenoma to skin, and X3 stands for type of near field acoustic pathway. The predicted EEF value was significantly related to actual EEF (R = 0.698, p = 0.000). Conclusions Fibroadenoma size, distance from the shallow margin of the fibroadenoma to skin and type of near field acoustic pathway could be used as predictors to evaluate the dosage delivery of USgHIFU treatment for breast fibroadenomas.

Multifunctional Theranostic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Tumor Targeted Imaging and Synergistic FUS/Chemotherapy on Murine 4T1 Breast Cancer Cell.

PurposeTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is challenging for effective remission due to its very aggressive, extremely metastatic and resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Herein, a multifunctional theranostic nanoparticle was fabricated to enhance tumor targeted imaging and promote focused ultrasound (FUS) ablation and chemotherapy and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). A multi-modal synergistic therapy can improve the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of TNBC.MethodsAS1411 aptamer modified PEG@PLGA nanoparticles encapsulated with perfluorohexane (PFH) and anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) were constructed (AS1411-DOX/PFH-PEG@PLGA) to enhance tumor targeted imaging to guide ablation and synergistic effect of FUS/chemotherapy. FUS was utilized to trigger the co-release of doxorubicin and simultaneously PFH phase transition and activate DOX for SDT effect. The physicochemical, phase-changeable imaging capability, biosafety of nanoparticles and multi-mode synergistic effects on growth of TNBC were thoroughly evaluated in vivo and in vitro.ResultsThe synthesized AS1411-DOX/PFH-PEG@PLGA (A-DPPs) nanoparticles are uniformly round with an average diameter of 306.03 ± 5.35 nm and the zeta potential of −4.05 ± 0.13 mV, displaying high biosafety and FUS-responsive drug release in vitro and in vivo. AS1411 modified NPs specifically bind to 4T1 cells and elevate the ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) image contrast intensity via PFH phase-transition after FUS exposure. Moreover, the combined treatment of A-DPPs nanoparticles with FUS exhibited significantly higher apoptosis rate, stronger inhibitory effect on 4T1 cell invasion in vitro, induced more reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enhanced anti-tumor effect compared to a single therapy (p < 0.05). Additionally, the joint strategy resulted in more intense cavitation effect and larger ablated areas and reduced energy efficiency factor (EEF) both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionThe multifunctional AS1411-DOX/PFH-PEG@PLGA nanoparticles can perform as a marvelous synergistic agent for enhanced FUS/chemotherapy, promote real-time contrast enhanced US imaging and improve the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of TNBC.

Investment in renewable energy resources, sustainable financial inclusion and energy efficiency: A case of US economy

The World Bank has identified that energy efficiency as a vital enabler for most of the Sustainable Development Goals. Its role in restricting CO2 emissions is astonishing. In recent years, the importance of identifying the determinants of energy efficiency has acknowledged huge importance from the environmentalists. This study expands the horizon of this debate by introducing new potential determinants of energy efficiency considering the evidence of the USA economy. We have studied the impact of investment in renewable energy resources, financial inclusion, industrial production, and trade openness on energy efficiency in the case of the USA over the period of 1990 to 2020. Additionally, this study contributes to the literature by exploring the causal relationship among variables by taking into account the time dimension. The results show that industrial production, financial inclusion, renewable energy public R&D and trade openness are important factors of energy efficiency in the USA. Except for industrial production, all other variables are positively related to energy efficiency. The direction of causality is confirmed from energy efficiency to financial inclusion, industrial production, Renewable energy public RD&D budget and trade openness. The results show that a shock in energy efficiency has implications for all variables at different frequencies. We suggest that policymakers must introduce proper policies to improve the financial system, which has important implications for renewable energies.

Neural Network Approach to Ranking Factors Affecting Energy Efficiency of Oil Production

The article describes the relevance of the topic, considers the features of approaches to factor analysis of the energy efficiency of the artificial oil lift. Comparative analysis of the approaches used in assessing the current and projected level of energy efficiency in relation to the planned values is carried out. An approach to the ranking of energy efficiency factors based on intelligent methods is proposed. An assessment of the modern possibilities of automating the factor analysis of the energy efficiency of artificial oil lift is given. To develop an effective methodology for the analysis and planning of energy efficiency based on a relevant factor model, an approach to ranking the factors influencing the energy efficiency of artificial lift using an artificial neural network is proposed. When solving the problem, the method of factor analysis of specific power consumption, the L-BFGS algorithm. Various sets of factors are considered, they were ranked according to the shares of significance, the procedure for excluding factors were carried out on the basis of paired correlation dependences between them. A correlation matrix is built for the adjusted set of factors. On the basis of an expert analysis of the results obtained, their relevance to the cause-and-effect relationships manifested in the practice of operating a mechanized well stock was assessed. The use of the proposed approach to factor analysis using an artificial neural network will improve the reliability of control over the energy efficiency of artificial oil lift. The developed model can be included in the algorithmic and software and hardware support of a promising automated energy efficiency control system and can be used in decision-making by specialists who plan, monitor and predict energy efficiency indicators and assess the results of the implementation of energy-saving measures.

Effects of Energy Efficiency on Firm Productivity in Kenya’s Manufacturing Sector

There is concern about probable energy efficiency and economic performance trade-off, particularly in developing countries which often require more energy consumption to spur their economies. This study assesses the relation between energy efficiency and total factor productivity in Kenya&amp;rsquo;s manufacturing sector by applying a sample of firms in the World Bank Enterprise Survey. Energy intensity is used as a proxy for energy efficiency while total factor productivity is estimated using the Levinsohn-Petrin Algorithm. A dynamic panel data model is applied in the analysis of the energy efficiency and total factor productivity relationship which is at the sub-sector and firm size levels. The sub-sectors of concern are: chemicals, pharmaceuticals and plastics, food, textile and garments and paper and other manufacturing sub-sectors. Firm sizes of interest are: small, medium and large. The findings show heterogeneity in energy intensity across sub-sectors. Total factor productivity is also found to be heterogeneous across sub-sectors and firms of different sizes. The estimates show that in general, energy efficiency significantly promotes total factor productivity. Other factors that promote total factor productivity include capital intensity, age, size, top manager&amp;rsquo;s years of experience, foreign ownership and exporting status. However, the effect of these variables varies across the sub-sectors and firm sizes. The study findings suggest that policies to improve energy efficiency should be accorded additional emphasis jointly with improvements in total factor productivity.

Rate-Aware Fuzzy Clustering and Stable Sensor Association for Load Balancing in WSNs

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), topology control is of great significance for energy efficiency. While various clustering algorithms have been proposed to handle the topology control of WSNs, the joint optimization of fairness, Quality of Service (QoS), load balancing, and congestion management has received much less attention. Additionally, the constrained resources and processing capacity of sensor nodes complicate the topology control problem. This article proposes a three-layer framework based on joint rate-aware fuzzy clustering and stable sensor association that considers various factors of sensor energy efficiency. First, a rate-aware fuzzy clustering method is proposed for initial clustering, and energy-aware cluster head (CH) selection is applied considering the total energy consumption and the residual energy of the potential CHs to improve the energy efficiency of WSNs. After that, the payoff functions of the CHs and the cluster members are constructed for sensor association with resource capacity limitations and QoS constraints. The optimal sensor association is obtained to maximize the payoffs. Furthermore, a low-complexity suboptimal sensor association approach is proposed to reduce the complexity with a tolerable performance gap. Finally, a congestion factor is introduced to balance the load of CHs, and the Gale–Shapley (GS) algorithm is used to avoid unstable sensor association caused by the processing capacity constraints. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can effectively improve the resource utilization and the energy efficiency of the WSNs.

Dynamic linkages between energy efficiency, renewable energy along with economic growth and carbon emission. A case of MINT countries an asymmetric analysis

This study aims to examine the effects of energy efficiency (EE), renewable energy (RE), and other factors on the carbon emissions of Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey (MINT). The study covers the time from 1990 to 2014. Unlike earlier studies, the current analysis considers EE a significant factor of CO2 emissions in the MINT nations. MINT primarily represents a group of emerging economies, but it is relatively ignored in empirical environment literature. The mitigating effect of EE on CO2 emissions in the MINT nations has not been explored before. This study is the first to reveal an asymmetric connection among EE, RE, nuclear energy, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in the MINT nations by using the novel hidden panel cointegration and nonlinear panel autoregressive distributive lag methodology. The empirical results suggest that the variables’ effects are asymmetric, and EE and RE reduce the carbon emissions in the MINT countries. In the case of EE, a 1% fluctuation in its positive-sum lowers carbon emissions by 0.232% in the long term, and a 1% fluctuation in its positive-sum mitigates CO2 pollutants by 0.112% in the short term. For RE, a 1% fluctuation in its positive component lowers carbon emissions by 0.846%. Furthermore, findings from the Granger causality test suggest that any reductions in EE would have a positive impact on the extent of carbon emissions. The permanent positive shocks of EE show a negative association with carbon emissions. On the basis of these empirical findings, this study suggests that policy managers of the MINT countries should consider the asymmetric behavior among the variables in setting their environmental, growth, and energy policies.

Pressure drops and mass transfer of a 3D printed tridimensional rotational flow sieve tray in a concurrent gas–liquid column

In this study, the pressure drops and mass transfer performance of a improved tridimensional rotational flow sieve tray (TRST) manufactured by 3D printing under the condition of gas–liquid concurrent flow were investigated experimentally. Results suggest that the pressure drops of the improved TRST are much lower than that of the original TRST due to the transition of the arc surface of the blades is smoother. Dry pressure drop of the TRST is within 12 Pa, and wet pressure drop is within 80 Pa. A volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient of the tray section was proposed, which increased first and then decreased with increased superficial flow factor and concentrations of NaOH solution, increased with the increasing spray density and decreased with the increasing partial pressure of CO2. For tray geometric parameters, the influence of blade numbers is strongest, twist angle of the blades is weakest, and tray heights and sieve hole diameters are the middling. We also designed an energy efficiency factor to reasonably evaluate the comprehensive performance of TRST. Through comparative analysis, TRST with 8 blades, a 60° or 90° twist angle of the blades, a tray height of 15 mm, and sieve holes of 2 mm diameter were found to has the optimal geometry.

Increased MR-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) sonication efficiency of uterine fibroids after carbetocin administration

PurposeWe investigated whether administration of the long-acting uterus stimulant carbetocin increased intra-subject sonication efficiency during Magnetic Resonance image guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (MR-HIFU) treatment of uterine fibroids. MethodIn this prospective cohort study, thirty women with symptomatic uterine fibroids undergoing MR-HIFU treatment were included between January 2018 and January 2019. Treatment started with three sonications on one side of the uterine fibroid. Subsequently, one ampoule of 1 mL carbetocin (100 µg/mL) was administered intravenously and treatment continued with three sonications on the other side of the uterine fibroid. We compared the intra-subject sonication efficiency, in terms of Energy Efficiency Factor (EEF), thermal dose volume and sonication time to ablate one cm3 of fibroid tissue, before and after carbetocin administration. Adverse events that occurred within 30 min after carbetocin administration were recorded. ResultsSonication efficiency improved after carbetocin administration as indicated by a significant decrease in EEF and sonication time (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001 respectively), and a significant increase in thermal dose volume reached (p = <0.001). Five women (16.7%) experienced temporary tachycardia, one women in combination with headache, within 30 min after carbetocin administration. ConclusionAdministration of the long-acting uterus stimulant carbetocin improved the MR-HIFU treatment intra-subject sonication efficiency in women with symptomatic uterine fibroids.