Factors Of Suicidal Behavior Research Articles

Certain immune parameters may have a significant impact on suicidal behaviour - a naturalistic study among psychiatric in-patients

IntroductionSeveral research already proved the role of certain immunological factors (neutrophil-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte (MLR) and platelet-lymphocyte (PLR) ratio, and C-reactive protein (CRP)) in the background of suicidal behaviour.ObjectivesThe aim of this research was to study the association between routinely measurable low-grade inflammation parameters and suicidal behaviour among patients in the acute psychiatric care setting.MethodsThe study population included psychiatric in-patients (N=100) consecutively treated with depressive disorders and/or suicidal behaviour in a University Clinic between December 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021. Three different patient-groups were generated based on their suicidal behaviour: suicide attempters (N=55) including recent attempters(N=36) and past attempters (N=19) and non-suicidal patients (N=45), who never had a suicide attempt. Basic socio-demographic data, the severity of depression and immunological parameters (white blood cell count: lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil granulocytes; thrombocytes; C-reactive protein) were recorded.Descriptive analyses and multivariate regression model were performed with RStudio version 4.2.3.ResultsCRP was significantly higher (2.00 vs. 1.00; p=0.007) in suicidal patients (N=55), however other immunological parameters did not differ significantly between the suicidal and the non-suicidal groups (NLR: 2.02 vs. 2.19; MLR: 0.22 vs. 0.11; PLR: 118 vs. 130). NLR and MLR showed significantly higher values (NLR: 2.83 vs. 1.93, p=0.021; MLR: 0.28 vs. 0.11, p=0.01) for those who currently attempted suicide (N=36) compared to the patients with no or past suicide attempt (N=64). In the regression analysis, the NLR and MLR showed significantly higher values in current suicide attempters even when gender, age, suicidal risk and severity of depression were included in the model. However, no significant differences were found when comparing current and past suicide attempters with the non-suicidal patients.ConclusionsDespite the small number of cases in the samples, our results confirmed the association of certain immunological parameters (NLR, MLR) and acute suicidal behaviour. This relationship was found to be independent of depression and its severity. Our data suggest that, unlike the NLR and MLR parameters, the higher CRP value may not be related to acute suicide attempt, but rather to suicidal vulnerability, as a trait-marker. Markers of chronic systemic inflammation may help in the prediction of suicidal behaviour and in the development of new therapeutic options, however, further prospective studies are needed to identify the specific role of immunological factors in suicidal behaviour more precisely.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Lower thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations linked to suicidal ideations among individuals with anxiety and mood disorders

IntroductionSuicidal behavior is quite common in individuals with anxiety and mood disorders (AMD). One of the coexistence factors in suicidal behavior is thyroid dysfunction, however the results are still controversial (Shen et al. J Affect Disord 2019;(1)180-185; Zhou et al., Transl Psychiatry. 2021;11(1):97). The role of thyroid function in suicidal ideation among individuals with comorbid AMD have not been thoroughly investigated.ObjectivesThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify potential associations between thyroid function and suicidal ideation in a sample of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders.MethodsThis exploratory study comprised 77 consecutive individuals with AMD (age range 18-73 years, 76% were females) attending the Psychiatry Day care unit. All individuals have been evaluated for current psychiatric diagnoses, suicidal ideation using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview [M.I.N.I. 7.0.2]) as well as for socio-demographic factors and for current psychotropic medication use. Severity of depression and anxiety symptoms have been evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). The biochemical blood tests were performed for the concentrations of thyroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between biochemical parameters and suicidal ideation.ResultsOf all study individuals with AMD – 56% have been identified as having current SI. There were not significant differences according to age, gender, education, BMI, smoking, depression and anxiety symptoms and current psychotropics use between SI and non-SI individuals. Serum FT4, FT3 and TSH concentrations were within normal range. However individuals with SI had significantly lower TSH concentrations in comparison to the non-SI (1.54 (0.77) vs. 2.04 (1.22) IU/L, respectively; p = 0.049), without significantly differences in FT4 and FT3 concentrations. A multiple logistic regression, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and severity of mental symptoms revealed, that non-SI individuals with AMD were likely to have higher TSH levels than SI (odds ratio = 2.15 (95% CI 1.10–4.22; p = 0.027).ConclusionsAmong individuals with AMD, lower levels of TSH concentrations have been associated with presence of suicidal ideation, independently of sociodemographic factors and severity of depression and anxiety.Disclosure of InterestV. Liaugaudaitė Grant / Research support from: European Union (project No P-PD-22-150) under the agreement with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT)., A. Podlipskytė: None Declared, J. Burkauskas Consultant of: Cronos, N. Mickuvienė: None Declared, V. Adomaitienė: None Declared, E. Zauka: None Declared, V. Steiblienė: None Declared

Risk and protective factors in suicidal behaviour among young people in Hong Kong: A comparison study between children and adolescents✰

Suicide is the leading cause of death among young people worldwide. Few studies examined the factors of childhood suicidality and compared them with adolescent suicidality to meet their age-specific needs. We examined the similarities and differences in risk and protective factors of children and adolescent suicidality in Hong Kong. A school-based survey with 541 students in grades 4–6 and 3,061 students in grades 7–11 from 15 schools was conducted. We measured the demographic, familial, school, mental health, and psychological factors of suicidality. Hierarchical binary logistic regressions were performed to examine the association between correlates and child and youth suicidality, and the interaction effects of these factors and school-age groups. Approximately 17.51% and 7.84% of secondary school respondents and 15.76% and 8.17% of primary school respondents reported suicidal ideation and attempt, respectively. Common correlates for suicidal ideation were depression, bullying, loneliness, self-compassion, and growth mindset, while those for suicide attempt were depression and bullying. Secondary school respondents with higher life satisfaction reported less suicidal ideation, while primary school respondents with higher self-control reported fewer suicide attempts. In conclusion, we recommended recognizing the factors of suicidal ideation and attempt in children and adolescents to tailor preventive strategies in a culturally sensitive manner.

Factors of suicidal behavior among inpatients with major depressive disorder: A retrospective case series.

ObjectivePrevious studies indicate that more than half of those who died by suicide had a depressive disorder. When discussing the factors associated to suicidal behavior (SB) among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), sociocultural contexts should also be carefully considered. This case series study explored the factors correlated to SB among MDD patients in Beijing, China.MethodsThe patient information sheets were retrieved from an electronic database that comprised patient medical information. Three forms of binary logistic regression equations were conducted to explore the factors associated to SB among patients with MDD. For the inconsistent variables produced by the three regression models, the propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was done for further verification.ResultsIn this retrospective study, 1,091 depressed cases were enrolled. The difference between the SB group and non-SB group in gender, impulsivity, the severity of depression, history of major mental trauma, and family history of suicide were statistically significant in univariate comparisons (P < 0.05); the binary logistic regression analysis and the PSM analysis showed that female gender, history of major mental trauma, impulsivity, family history of suicide and severity of depression were factors correlated to SB among patients with MDD (odds ratios >1).ConclusionsFemale gender, the history of major mental trauma, impulsivity, the severity of depression, and family history of suicide were independently associated with the appearance of SB among MDD patients in Beijing, China. Inevitably, these findings should be viewed with particular caution due to the inherent drawbacks of a retrospective nature. More prospective longitudinal research should be conducted to examine those dynamic alterations in the corresponding confounders.

Magnitude and associated factors of suicidal behavior among postpartum mothers attending public health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

BackgroundIn low-income nations, suicidal conduct increases within the first year following delivery, ranging from 4 to 17.6%, with a three-fold cause of maternal death. Suicidal behavior was also reported to be 14% among postpartum women in Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo assess the magnitude and associated factors of suicidal behavior among postpartum mothers attending public health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in ten public health facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia with a total sample size of 615 women. The data were entered into Epi data 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for statistical analysis. A logistic regression model with adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value of ≤0.05 was used to identify predictors of the outcome variable.ResultsThe magnitude of suicidal behavior among postnatal mothers attending public health centers in Addis Ababa was 41.46% with 95%CI (35.2-44.5%). Being mother’s literate (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42-0.97), verbal abuses (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.38-3.44), history of rape (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI 1.14 -8.05), history of depression (AOR = 4.12, 95% CI 1.21-14.03), women’s having sexually unfaithful husband (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.14-6.23) and khat chewing (AOR = 8.48, 95% CI 2.52-28.50) were significantly associated with suicidal behavior.ConclusionThe magnitude of suicidal behavior among postnatal mothers attending public health centers in Addis Ababa was 41.46% and it was found to be associated with being literate, rape, verbal abuse, having a history of depression, having a sexually unfaithful husband and chewing khat. As a result, women should be screened for suicidal behavior during antenatal and postnatal services for early detection and management.

Suicides among prison inmates in Sri Lanka: prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behavior

Introduction: The suicidal rates in prison institutions are five times higher compared to the general population. Studies has found out that psychological distress among prison inmates has significant association with the suicidal behaviour. Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal bahaviour. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among 1730 study participants selected using multistage stratified cluster sampling in island-wide prison institutions. The prevalence of suicidal behaviour was assessed using the validated SBQ-R. Associated factors of suicidal behaviour was determined by multivariate analysis. Results: According to the SBQ-R the prevalence of suicidal behaviour among prison inmates was 22.7% (95% CI 20.7% – 24.7%). There was a significant association between psychological distress and suicidal behaviour among study participants identified in the multivariate analysis (AOR=1.58, 95% CI 1.20-2.10). Younger age (AOR=2.09, 95% CI 1.33-3.30), female sex (AOR=1.31, 95% CI 1.00-1.71), number of court cases (AOR=1.97, 95% CI 1.50-2.59), feeling of missing the family (AOR=0.52, 95% CI 0.35-0.76), violence at home during childhood (AOR=1.82, 95% CI 1.35-2.44), being neglected during childhood (AOR=1.61, 95% CI 1.11-2.33), witness a suicide (AOR=1.37, 95% CI 1.05-1.78), serious financial issue (AOR=1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.74) recent change in prison (AOR= 0.73, 95% CI 0.56-0.94) and stigmatized for being imprisoned (AOR=1.82, 95% CI 1.37-2.42) were significantly associated with suicidal behviour in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: A structured screening programme to identify suicidal behaviour among prison inmates should be conducted with improved mental health facilities within prison institutions. A mandatory mental health module should be carried out for all prison inmates focusing on coping strategies on psychological distress and mental health promotion.

The concurrence of sexual violence and physical fighting among adolescent suicide ideators and the risk of attempted suicide

Sexual violence and physical fighting are independent risk factors for suicidal behaviors among adolescents. However, whether the concurrence of these two risk factors increases the risk of suicidal behaviors among ideators, and by how much that risk increases are unknown. This study analyzed data from the 2019 National Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. Students who reported having seriously considered attempting suicide in the past year were included (n = 1755). The associations between physical fighting/sexual violence status and the risk of suicide attempt/plan/attempt requiring medical intervention were estimated. The concurrence of physical fighting and sexual violence substantially increased the relative risk of attempted suicide (adjusted relative risk, adRR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.72, 2.29) and attempted suicide requiring medical intervention (adRR = 4.07, 95% CI 2.84, 5.85; subgroup analyses: among women, adRR = 3.33, 95% CI 2.14, 5.17; among men, adRR = 6.25, 95% CI 3.32, 12.28). Among students who had experienced concurrent physical fighting and sexual violence, more suicide-attempt-associated health-risk behaviors were reported by men (median = 14) than women (median = 12) (p = 0.0023). The concurrence of physical fighting and sexual violence among adolescent suicide ideators was shown to be significantly associated with an increased risk of attempted suicide. A wide variety of health-risk behaviors were shown to cluster with the concurrence of physical fighting and sexual violence. This was especially the case among men, consistent with their higher rate of attempted suicide requiring medical intervention.

Prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behavior among pregnant mothers in southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundSuicidal behavior among pregnant mothers is one of the most common psychiatric emergencies that require a major public health concern by researchers and mental health task forces. Pregnant mothers experience suicidal attempt, which is a fatal problem to end life. Therefore, there was a need to assess the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behavior among pregnant mothers to integrate mental health care, particularly suicide, with maternal management.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 504 pregnant mothers in the Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia. Suicidal behavior was assessed using revised suicidal behavior questionnaire (SBQ-R) with a total score of 3-18; those scoring ≥7 were considered as having Suicidal behavior. Data were entered into Epi-data 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associated factors of suicidal behavior. Variables with a P-value less than 0.05 with 95% CI were considered statistically significant.ResultsIn this study, the overall prevalence of suicidal behavior among pregnant mothers was 47(9.3%) with 95% CI (7.1- 11.9). Regarding the factors; being unmarried [AOR = 5.69, 95% CI, (1.19, 27.23)], gestation age greater than 27 weeks, [AOR = 4.92, 95% CI (1.67, 14.53)], history of having chronic medical illness [AOR = 4.47, 95% CI (1.35, 14.85)], depression [AOR = 4.20, 95% CI (1.90, 9.28], and intimate partner violence [AOR = 7.60, 95% CI (3.27, 17.67)] were significantly associated with suicidal behavior at P value less than 0.05 and corresponding 95% CI.ConclusionPregnant mothers in the community had a high prevalence of suicidal behavior compared to studies conducted among general populations. It is better to include and implement the assessment of suicidal risk factors as a primary treatment package for pregnant mothers, training of health extension workers and other primary health workers on how to assess the risk of suicide among pregnant mothers is warranted.

Risk and Protective Factors in Adolescent Suicidal Behaviour: A Network Analysis.

Given that death by suicide continues to rank among the top three causes of death during adolescence, new psychological models may contribute critical insight towards understanding the complex interactions between risk and protective factors in suicidal behaviour. The main objective of this study was to analyse the psychological network structure of suicidal behaviour and putative risk and protective factors in school-aged adolescents. Methods: Stratified random cluster sampling was performed. The final sample comprised 1790 students (53.7% female, M = 15.7 years, SD = 1.26). Instruments were administered to assess suicidal behaviour, emotional and behavioural difficulties, prosocial behaviour, subjective well-being, self-esteem, depressive symptomatology, academic performance, socio-economic status, school engagement, bullying, and cyberbullying. Results: In the estimated psychological network, the node with the highest strength was depressive symptomatology, and that with the highest expected influence value was bullying. Suicidal behaviour was positively connected to symptoms of depression and behavioural problems. In addition, suicidal behaviour was negatively connected to self-esteem and personal well-being. The results of the stability analysis indicated that the network was accurately estimated. Conclusions: Suicidal behaviour can be conceptualised as a dynamic, complex system of cognitive, emotional, and affective characteristics. New psychological models allow us to analyse and understand human behaviour from a new perspective, suggesting new forms of conceptualisation, evaluation, intervention, and prevention.

ДЕВИАНТНОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ НЕСОВЕРШЕННОЛЕТНИХ В РОССИИ ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XIX – НАЧАЛА ХХ ВЕКА В ОСВЕЩЕНИИ ПОСТСОВЕТСКОЙ ИСТОРИОГРАФИИ

The article analyzes the results of post-Soviet Russian studies of such negative forms of juvenile deviance in Russia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries as crime, suicide, prostitution, and alcoholism. Despite the growing interest in this topic during the period under review, it did not fully take shape as an independent academic problem. In post-Soviet historiography, the prevailing conclusion is that the level of criminalization of the representatives of the age group under consideration increased during the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Some authors associate this trend mainly with the effect of socio-economic factors (O.I. Pospelova, E.V. Mishina, etc.), while other researchers believe that such prerequisites for the deterioration of the criminal situation as the crisis of traditional values and social regulators, political instability, and Russia's participation in military conflicts were of no less importance (N.A. Zotkina, O.V. Harseeva, etc.). B.N. Mironov excludes the possibility of a negative impact of socio-economic processes on the criminal situation in the post-reform period. Some features of research positions are revealed in the explanation of the causes of the “epidemic of school suicides” at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The generally recognized prerequisites for this deviation can be considered the imperfection of the school education system, and problems in the family and in personal relationships with peers. S.A. Zavrazhin, M.V. Egorova and I.V. Sinova believe that one should also consider the disappointment in the results of the First Russian Revolution. A.B. Lyarsky names such factors of suicidal behavior as the peculiarities of the outlook of the Russian intelligentsia and participants in the revolutionary movement, protest, the “fashion” for suicide, the distance between representatives of different generations in a bourgeois family, and the age characteristics of schoolchildren. Modern researchers recognize the problem of child and adolescent prostitution in the pre-revolutionary period.

Risk factors for suicidal behavior in older adults

Background. Geriatric population is growing rapidly around the world. Suicidal behavior in older adults is an actual concern in both the public health and socio-economic field. The cause of suicidal behavior is represented by the interaction of biopsychosocial factors, the study of which is necessary for the development of programs for the prevention of suicidal behavior in older adults. The objective of this review is: to provide actual information of suicidal mortality in Russian Federation, to analyze the terminology describing auto-aggressive behavior, to consider the factors of suicidal risk and protective factors in older adults. Materials and methods. An extensive search was conducted on the following databases: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, https:// www.sciencedirect.com, https://www.scopus.com/search/form.uri, https://scholar.google.ru, https://cyberleninka.ru/. The number of cited sources — 65. Results: the literature review showed that the Russian Federation is one of the countries with an unfavorable suicidological situation. Suicide rates are higher among older adults compared to other age groups. This trend is typical for both sexes, but more pronounced in men. Among the elderly, the most important are risk factors associated with barriers to health care, stigma and discrimination, access to means of suicide, and abuse. The majority of older adults who attempt or die by suicide suffer from affective disorders, in the structure of which the symptoms of depression and anxiety are of particular importance. The presence of a physical illness, chronic pain syndrome, functional impairment and a feeling of helplessness significantly increase the suicidal risk, especially in combination with depression. Suicidal risk factors and protective factors have their own characteristics in the group under consideration, therefore, when developing prevention programs, older adults should be considered as a separate age risk group. Conclusion. The article presents a systematic review of scientific medical literature on the problem of suicidal behavior in older adults.

Depression and tobacco smoking (analytical review). Part 2

In the pathogenesis of depressive disorders and the consequent suicidal behavior, an important role belongs to the neurochemical processes and structures of the central nervous system. An analytical study of Russian and foreign literature was carried out to obtain information about the relationship between neurochemical factors in the development of depressive disorders and to elucidate the causes and risk factors of suicidal behavior due to depression and an unhealthy habit common among young people, i.e. tobacco smoking. A systematic search of scientific publications on the neurobiological aspects of the research into the causes and risk factors of depressive spectrum disorders was carried out. The analysis of the results of relevant neurobiological studies in the field of etiology and formation of depressive disorders with suicidal behavior contributes to the development of effective means of prevention and treatment of depressive spectrum disorders.

The Role of Perceived Social Support in the Association Between Stressful Life Events and Suicidal Behavior.

Background: Suicide is a serious public health concern for which there have been well-established protective and risk factors reported in literature. There is a lack of evidence on the indirect effects of other variables on these factors. Specifically, the association between stressful life events and suicidal behavior may be affected by perceived social support, but its role in this association is largely uninvestigated.Objectives: Thus, this paper aims to explore the role of perceived social support in the association between stressful life events and suicidal behavior. Perceived social support will be explored as a mediator and as a moderator in this association.Methods: Data were obtained from the Determinants of Suicidal Behavior Conventional and Emergent Risk (DISCOVER), a study conducted to identify risk factors of suicidal behavior. The study participants are individuals with suicide attempts admitted to hospital. Participants (n = 343) were recruited from hospital setting. Suicidal behavior was measured using two outcomes (1) the occurrence of a suicide attempt (2) level of suicide intent as measured by the Pierce Suicide Intent Scale. Perceived social support was measured using the Sarason Social Support Questionnaire.Results: Stressful life events were significantly associated with suicide attempts (OR 1.440, 95% CI 1.440, 1.682, p < 0.001) and perceived social support (B −0.785, 95% CI −1.501, −0.068, p = 0.032). There was no significant mediation effect by perceived social support in the association between stressful life events and suicide attempts (Sobel's test statistic 1.64, p = 0.100). Perceived social support did not moderate the relationship between stressful life events and suicide attempts [(OR 1.007, 95% CI 0.987, 1.027, p = 0.514] or the relationship between stressful life events and level of suicidal intent (B −0.043, 95% CI −0.132, 0.046, p = 0.343).Conclusion: Stressful life events are associated with increased risk of suicide attempts. The study also identified an inverse relationship between stressful life events and perceived social support. These associations were independent of perceived social support. This study highlights the effects of stressful life events on suicide risk is not affected by perceived social support, requiring further investigation into measures to reduce the impact of social stressors on people with risk of suicide.

Social support moderates the relationship between interpersonal trauma and suicidal behaviors among college students

Objectives : Interpersonal trauma (IPT) and low social support are risk factors for suicidal behavior. The aim of the current study was to investigate social support as moderating the relationship between IPT and suicidal behavior among college students. Participants A racially diverse sample of 350 undergraduate students was utilized. Methods Participants completed online, self-report questionnaires on lifetime traumatic experiences, suicidal behaviors, and perceived social support. Results The experience of IPT was significantly associated with suicidal behavior (rs =.29, p < .001), and social support significantly moderated this relationship, F(3, 343) = 36.85, p < .001, ΔR 2 = .02, p = .008. IPT survivors with greater levels of perceived social support reported less suicidal behavior compared to IPT survivors with low levels of perceived social support. Conclusions Suicide prevention efforts may be improved through the development of trauma-focused interventions devised to enhance perceptions of social support among college students experiencing IPT.

Suicide attempt risks among hotline callers with and without the coronavirus disease 2019 related psychological distress: a case-control study

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic profoundly impacts on mental health, yet it is still unclear whether COVID-19 distress makes people more vulnerable to suicidal behavior. The present study aims to examine the association between COVID-19 related psychological distress and risk for suicide attempt, and moderators of this association, among hotline callers.MethodsThis case-control study was conducted at the largest psychological support hotline in China. Hotline callers who sought help for psychological distress and reported whether or not they attempted suicide in the last 2 weeks (recent suicide attempt) were analyzed. The primary predictor of recent suicide attempt was the presence or absence of COVID-19 related psychological distress. Demographic variables and common risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior were also studied. Callers with COVID-19 related distress (COVID-19 callers) and those without such distress (non-COVID-19 callers) were compared on these variables. Recent suicide attempt was regressed on COVID-19 related distress and the other variables, and significant interaction terms of aforementioned predictors by COVID-19 related distress, to identify variables that moderate the association of COVID-19 related distress and recent suicide attempt.ResultsAmong 7337 included callers, there were 1252 COVID-19 callers (17.1%) and 6085 non-COVID-19 callers (82.9%). The COVID-19 callers were less likely to report recent suicide attempt (n = 73, 5.8%) than the non-COVID-19 callers (n = 498, 8.2%, P = 0.005). The COVID-19 callers were also less likely to have high scores on depressive symptoms (22.6% vs 26.3%, P < 0.001) and psychological distress (19.5% vs 27.3%, P < 0.001), and were more likely to have high hopefulness scores (46.5% vs 38.0%, P < 0.001). Tests of moderating effects showed that acute life events were associated with one-half lower risk (P = 0.021), and a trend that suicide attempt history was associated with two-thirds greater risk (P = 0.063) for recent suicide attempt, among COVID-19 callers than non-COVID-19 callers.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 calls are from individuals with lower suicide-related risk compared to more typical callers. Acute stressful life events provided a key context for suicide attempt in non-COVID-19 callers, i.e., more typical calls.

Associated Factors of Suicidal Behavior and Religiousness. A cross-sectional study

"This cross-sectional study proposes to identify the differential between two groups of study participants divided into two lots, general population and addictive population, inhabitants of Constanta county, Romania, on religiosity and suicidal behavior, with its associated factors like depression, anxiety and stress. The research was conducted between May 2020 and July 2020, the methodological approach being non-experimental, descriptive-analytical, having a cross-sectional character and using the survey method based on questionnaire and the semi¬structured interview. Trying to identify the presence of suicidal risk factors and religiosity in the general population, but especially in addictive groups, can be a real challenge, as it is known that, in general, the clinical area has always provided sufficient research materials. As a conclusion of the study, the influence of religiosity on autolytic behavior as well as on depression is quite minor, invalidating the literature showing the inhibitory effects of religiosity, leading to the conclusion that religiosity alone cannot be an insurmountable barrier to suicidal behavior. This invalidation may increase the level of debate about the role of religion, but it can also enrich this literature through the results of this study. The approach of multidisciplinary prophylaxis regarding the suicidal phenomenon becomes imperatively necessary, and by carrying out some evaluations of religiosity and religious coping, one goes towards the early counteraction of some autolytic undesirable behaviors."

The mediating role of impulsivity in the relationship between suicidal behaviour and early traumatic experiences in depressed subjects

IntroductionDepressed patients with early traumatic experiences may represent a clinically distinct subtype with worse clinical outcome. Since early traumatic experiences alter the development of systems that regulate the stress response, certain personality features may influence coping strategies, putting individuals with depression and a history of early traumatic experiences at greater risk of suicidal behaviour.ObjectivesTo determine whether impulsivity mediates the relationship between early traumatic experiences and suicidal behaviour in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsThe sample included 190 patients [mean age (SD)=53.71 (10.37); females: 66.3%], with current MDD. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the List of Threatening Experiences (LTE), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) were used to assess childhood and adulthood adverse life events and impulsivity. We developed mediation models by bootstrap sampling methods.Results81 (42.6%) patients had previous suicide attempts (SA). CTQ-SF-Total and BIS-11-Total scores were higher in MDD patients with previous SA. Correlation analyses revealed significant correlations between the CTQ-SF-Total and BIS-11-Total, CTQ-SF-Total and HDRS-Total, and BIS-11-Total and HDRS-Total scores. Regression models found that CTQ-SF-Total, BIS-11-Total, and HDRS-Total scores were associated with SA. Mediation analyses further revealed the association between CTQ-SF-Total and SA was mediated by the indirect effect of the BIS-11-Total score (b=0.007, 95% CI=0.001, 0.015), after controlling for sex, HDRS-Total, and LTE-Total.ConclusionsImpulsivity could mediate the influence of childhood trauma on suicidal behaviour. This will help understand the role of risk factors in suicidal behaviour and aid in the development of prevention interventions focused on modifiable mediators when risk factors are non-modifiable.

Effect of seasonality, climatic and temporal factors on suicide attempts amongst patients from southern tunisia

IntroductionSeasonal changes, climatic factors such as temperature, sunlight intensity and precipitations as well as temporal factors seem to have an influence on suicidal behavior.ObjectivesOur study aimed to analyse the association between seasonal changes, climatic variations, temporal factors and suicide attempts.MethodsA retrospective descriptive and analytical study was undertaken including all patients consulting for the first time at Gabes psychiatry department from the 4th March 2009 to the 25th September 2020 for suicidal attempt. Sociodemographic and clinical data as well as suicidal attempts’ characteristics were assessed. Meteorologic data, related to the years 2009 through 2020, were obtained from the official weather website of Tunisia.Results278 patients were collected, including 217 female. Mean age was 26. Suicidal patients were unmarried (75.9%), childless (79.1%) and unemployed (47.5%). Results showed that suicidal attempts occurred most frequently in summer (32.5%) specifically in June and July (10.9% for each). Regarding the distribution of suicide attempts over the days of the week, the highest rate was observed on Monday (22.5%) and the lower one on Friday. There were a correlation between high temperature and suicide attempt by hanging (p=0.006), between days of sunlight and manifestations preceding the suicidal attempt (p=0.04) and between rainfall and anxiety disorder leading to suicidal attempt (p=0.03).We finded also an association between the summer and risk behavior such as runaways (p=0.024).ConclusionsA better identification of seasonality, climatic and temporal factors in suicidal behavior could allow a better prevention in suicidal attempts and a reduction in death by suicide

Predictive and protective factors in suicidal behavior among males diagnosed with postural tachycardia syndrome

Background: Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a chronic invisible illness characterized by orthostatic intolerance and increased heart rate upon standing (&gt;30 beats per minute in adults and &gt;40 beats per minute in adolescents). This study seeks to characterize the psychological distress in males who have been diagnosed with POTS. Males are diagnosed at much lower rates than females and are underrepresented in the literature. Methods: Forty-one male POTS patients responded to an online survey including the following instruments: acquired capability for suicide—fearlessness about death, beck depression inventory-II, interpersonal needs questionnaire-15, and the suicide behaviors questionnaire-revised. Results: In this study, 58.5% of men surveyed scored in high-risk group for suicide on the suicide behaviors questionnaire-revised. In a multiple linear regression analysis, perceived burdensomeness (β = 0.72; p = 0.001), age (β = –0.41; p = 0.001), changes in health due to chronic illness (β = –0.39; p = 0.05) and fearlessness about death (β = 0.35; p = 0.01) explained 50.7% of their suicidal behavior. Conclusions: In this small sample of men, perceived burdensomeness was the greatest predictor of suicidal behavior followed by fearlessness about death. Age and changes in health due to chronic illness seem to be protective against suicidal behavior. Therapeutic interventions, both medical and psychological, to decrease perceived burdensomeness could decrease the overall risk of suicide in men with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Fearlessness about death and increased changes in health due to chronic illness as indicators for suicidal behavior may provide an alternative approach for intervention for some men with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.

Psychosocial factors of suicidal behavior of adolescents: review of foreign studies

This article aims to review research that seeks to find psychosocial factors of suicidal behavior among adolescents. The article deals with the sociological research of European authors who dealt with the problem of suicidal behavior of adolescents and young people aged 14-24 years. Studying these studies, the article shows the psychosocial risk factors for suicide and suicidal behavior among progeny.