Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese Snyder Dispositional Hope Scale and Adaptability Scale among Chinese EFL college students.

It is imperative to assess psychometric parameters of tests and items by methodologically sound approaches and finding relationships among the psychometric qualities. The paper describes methods of computations of psychometric parameters of MCQ test and items under classical test theory, finds relationships among theoretically defined test reliability with factorial validity (FV) and separately with discriminating and difficulty values of test and items considering the entire data. Finding r_(tt(theoretical)) from a single administration offers significant benefits like computation of test error variance; testingH_0: r_(tt(theoretical))=1; finding battery reliability, estimation of true scores and its confidence interval. Relationships of r_(tt(theoretical)) derived with FV of standardized scores (〖FV〗_(Z-scores)), test discriminating value (〖Disc〗_T), Cronbach alpha in terms of item discriminating value 〖(Disc〗_i) and 〖Disc〗_T, Item reliability as function of 〖Diff〗_i and 〖Disc〗_T, alpha using PCA results (α_PCA) with 〖FV〗_(Z-scores). The point of inflection of the negatively slopped reliability - discriminating value curve gives 〖Disc〗_T for which test reliability is optimal; Common point of 〖Disc〗_iand 〖Diff〗_i curves could be used in item deletions to improve test reliability.

The primary objectives of the present cross-sectional study were to translate and culturally adapt the YouTube Addiction Scale (YAS) into Malay and to evaluate its reliability, factorial validity, concurrent validity, and measurement invariance across gender and ethnicity among Malaysian university students. A total of 690 students participated (mean age = 21.29 years [SD ± 2.42]; 74% female). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional YAS structure with good fit (CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.97, SRMR = 0.06, RMSEA = 0.07). The scale exhibited strong reliability (α = 0.83, ω = 0.84) and measurement invariance across gender and ethnicity. YAS scores showed correlation with Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale score (r = 0.17, p < 0.001) and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale score (r = 0.23, p < 0.001), a weak correlation with time spent on social media (r = 0.09, p = 0.02), and no significant relationship with time spent on online gaming (r = 0.03, p = 0.47). The Malay YAS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing YouTube addiction among Malaysian university students. Its unidimensional structure, strong reliability, robust measurement invariance across gender and ethnicity, and satisfactory concurrent validity support its application in research, screening, and intervention programs.

Background: Core beliefs, per Beck's cognitive theory, are fundamental views of self and others that shape emotion. Although the Negative Core Beliefs Inventory (NCBI) is validated in adults, evidence in adolescents-a key period for belief formation-remains limited. Objective: Validate the NCBI for adolescents by testing factorial structure, reliability, and validity. Methods: 146 students (12-17) in Salvador, Brazil, completed the NCBI plus anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction measures. Analyses included expert content review, EFA/CFA, graded response and generalized partial credit IRT models, and EBICglasso network modeling. Results: CFA supported the two-factor solution with acceptable fit (CFI = .89; RMSEA = .056). Internal consistency was good (most ω > .70); nCB-O ω = .87 and overall nCB-S ω = .93, but helplessness/vulnerability was lower (ω = .64). IRT indicated adequate discrimination for most items and greater information at higher trait levels; nCB-S9 performed poorly. Networks showed expected associations with anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction, supporting concurrent validity. Conclusions: The NCBI appears suitable for assessing negative core beliefs in adolescents and may aid early identification and intervention. Targeted refinement-particularly of nCB-S9 and the helplessness/vulnerability subscale-could strengthen psychometrics for this population. Broader samples and longitudinal designs are warranted to confirm stability and predictive validity.

Background: Burnout is a syndrome resulting from long-term, unmanaged work-related stress. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Serbian versions of BAT among fifth-year medical students at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine. Methods: This cross-sectional study, which included a total of 431 students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, was conducted during the last week of November 2024. The study instruments used were the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). Results: Cronbach’s alpha for the entire BAT scale was α = 0.946; for core burnout symptoms, it was α = 0.938; for the exhaustion scale, α = 0.865; for mental distance, α = 0.858; for cognitive impairment, α = 0.907; for emotional impairment, α = 0.878; for secondary symptoms, α = 0.863; for psychological distress, α = 0.791; and for psychosomatic complaints, α = 0.801. The EFA showed six factors that explained a total of 63.76% of the variance. Factor 1 explained 35.71% of the variance; factor 2 explained 9.81%; factor 3, 5.785%; factor 4, 5.415%; factor 5, 3.956%; and factor 6 explained 3.076% of the variance. After the elimination of the three items with the lowest loadings, the EFA showed five factors that explained a total of 63.347% of the total variance. Factor 1 explained a total of 36.637% of the variance; factor 2, 10.544%; factor 3, 6.345%; factor 4, 5.612%; and factor 5 explained a total of 4.209%. Conclusions: This study showed that the Serbian version of the BAT exhibits excellent reliability, clear factorial validity, and strong convergent and discriminative performance.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 850 million people worldwide, imposing not only substantial health burdens but also complex dietary management challenges. For kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), dietary restrictions often lessen post-transplant, yet the transition to a ‘normal’ diet is fraught with difficulty after years of externally imposed rules. In this context, intuitive eating, which emphasises internal hunger and satiety cues over external dietary mandates, may support the development of sustainable, self-managed eating behaviours. Despite the recent publication of a third version of the scale, the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) is currently the most widely-used measure of intuitive eating, but it has not yet been validated for use with KTRs. To address this gap, a mixed-methods validation study was conducted, integrating qualitative thinkaloud interviews with KTRs and a quantitative survey involving KTRs and a non-CKD comparison group, to evaluate the face, factorial and construct validity and internal consistency of the IES-2 within this population. Results from both qualitative and quantitative workstreams revealed critical psychometric and conceptual issues with the ‘Unconditional Permission to Eat’ (UPE) subscale, including compromised item discrimination, construct validity, and reliability, as well as responses being systematically influenced by participants’ experiences as KTRs. The original four-factor structure of the IES-2 was unsupported in both groups. Alternative models were tested, and an 11-item, three-factor structure excluding the UPE subscale demonstrated excellent fit across KTR and comparison samples. Although a third version of this scale now exists, there is no validation data available for people with kidney disease or solid organ transplantation, meaning these findings provide the first validated, contextually appropriate configuration of a scale of intuitive eating for use with KTRs, offering a robust tool to advance research and clinical practice in this population.

The development of motor competence (MC) is a key objective in preschool education. It is essential to assess MC from a pedagogical perspective using valid and applicable instruments in educational settings. This study aimed to validate the MOBAK-KG test in Colombian preschool children and to describe their motor performance. The sample consisted of 495 children from public schools in Bogotá, Colombia (48.1% girls; M = 5.8 years, SD = 0.60). Factorial validity of the MOBAK-KG test and its correlations with sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) were examined. Confirmatory factor analysis of eight MOBAK-KG items supported a bifactorial structure with object control and self-movement as dimensions (χ2 = 33.55; df = 19; p = 0.021; CFI = 0.959; RMSEA = 0.039). Including the covariates yielded significant associations in basic motor competencies (χ2 = 67.61; df = 33; p = 0.0004; CFI = 0.941; RMSEA = 0.046). Results showed sex differences (boys performed better in object control), BMI (negatively related to self-movement), and age (older children performed better). This study demonstrates that the MOBAK-KG test provides a feasible, educationally oriented assessment tool for preschool settings in Colombia. Moreover, it underscores the importance of considering factors such as sex, BMI, and age in the development of motor skills among children.

Validación del cuestionario de calidad relacional y profesional QRP-45: una nueva herramienta conversacional para una nueva cultura de amabilidad integral en el ámbito sanitario

As work environments rapidly evolve due to profound social and technological changes, evaluating psychosocial work conditions and identifying risk factors affecting worker well-being has become a key public health priority. The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III) is among the most used tools for assessing the psychosocial work environment, covering both working conditions and occupational health outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the long and middle versions of the COPSOQ III and to develop and assess a novel single-item-per-scale screening version (the COPSOQ III screening) using a nationwide sample of working adults in the Czech Republic. Data were collected through an online panel survey administered by a professional research agency. The final research sample included 1,444 respondents (52.4% men, 47.6% women), selected through quota sampling to approximate key demographic characteristics of the Czech population. The long and middle versions of the COPSOQ III were administered. The new screening version (the COPSOQ III screening) was developed by selecting the item with the highest factor loading from each scale of the long version, resulting in a 45-item instrument. Factorial validity and measurement invariance were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CFA supported the factorial validity of the long and middle versions, with acceptable to strong model fit indices. Internal consistency was satisfactory across most scales, and measurement invariance was confirmed across sex, employment sector, managerial status, and length of employment. The screening version demonstrated high concordance with the long version, with an average item-scale shared variance of 77.2% and no scale below 60%. Given its substantial reduction in length and limited information loss, the screening version demonstrated a favorable balance between brevity and retained variance. The Czech COPSOQ III, in the long and middle versions, is a valid and reliable tool for assessing psychosocial working conditions. The screening version offers a promising option for time-efficient assessment and initial workplace screening; however, further validation is needed to provide more robust evidence regarding its psychometric qualities. non-applicable.

INTRODUCTIONThe therapeutic alliance has been identified as a key factor influencing smoking cessation success. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties – internal consistency, factorial validity, and concurrent validity – of the Spanish version of the Working Alliance Inventory-Short (WAI-S) in a mobile health (mHealth) smoking cessation program for Mexican adults who smoke. Additionally, it examined the association between WAI-S score, smoking-related outcomes and program satisfaction.METHODSA quasi-experimental study was conducted in Mexico between June and October 2021 with 100 adults who smoke intending to quit. The 12-week mHealth cessation program, grounded in Social Cognitive Theory, combined automated text messages and tailored counselor feedback. At program completion, 80 participants completed the 12-item WAI-S. Psychometric analyses included exploratory factor analysis, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett’s tests, Cronbach’s alpha, and item-total correlations. Logistic regression models assessed the association of WAI-S scores with program satisfaction and smoking cessation outcomes.RESULTSExploratory factor analysis (n=80) revealed that two negatively worded items weakened internal consistency; their removal produced a refined 10-item scale with a robust two-factor structure and excellent reliability (Cronbach’s α=0.91). Higher reported therapeutic alliance scores were associated with greater odds of satisfaction with the overall program (AOR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.04–1.21), the digital application (AOR=1.10; 95% CI: 1.02–1.19), and the text message content (AOR=1.10; 95% CI: 1.03–1.18), compared with participants reporting lower alliance scores. No significant association emerged between WAI-S scores and self-reported or biochemically verified smoking abstinence.CONCLUSIONSThe 10-item Spanish WAI-S demonstrated strong psychometric validity for evaluating therapeutic alliance in an mHealth smoking cessation among Mexican adults. While not predictive of abstinence, higher alliance score correlated with greater satisfaction, underscoring the instrument’s potential for monitoring engagement and informing the design of more effective digital cessation programs.

Grief, a universally experienced response to death of a loved one, carries distinct emotional and behavioral dimensions. This study examines the psychometric properties and factorial validity of the Arabic adaptation of the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), along with mediation pathways between emotional distress (anxiety, depression, and stress) and grief dimensions, moderated by resilience, life satisfaction, and religiosity. Data were collected from a sample of 423 Arabic-speaking adults residing in Libya and affected by the Libyan wars, ranging in age from 18 to 52 years (M = 29.93, SD = 6.73) RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure, cognitive/emotional symptoms. Convergent validity showed significant positive correlations between ICG scores and measures of psychological distress (anxiety, r = .24; depression, r = .22). Discriminant validity was confirmed through negligible associations with resilience (r = -.25) and satisfaction with life (r = -.12). Mediation analyses identified resilience as a significant mediator in pathways from distress to grief symptoms (anxiety to cognitive/emotional symptoms via resilience, estimate = .13, p = .023). Satisfaction with life and religiosity displayed limited indirect effects, underscoring the dominant role of resilience. These findings reinforce the suitability of the Arabic ICG as a reliabletool for assessing grief in Arabic-speaking populations, while highlighting the protective role of resilience ingrief management. Implications extend to culturally sensitive interventions and resilience-building therapeuticapproaches.

BackgroundA growing volume of mental health research is conducted with participants recruited and responding online. However, to date, few psychometric scales have been specifically validated for online research.ObjectiveWe aimed to devise a brief, 12-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in which first order factors are sufficiently measured.MethodsWe recruited 218 adults with depression and 226 comparison participants with no mental health history. Both groups completed the original 20-item CES-D and measures of social support, psychological distress, and sociodemographic information (eg, age, gender, and household income). Measurement of social support included online support, and psychological distress included symptoms of social media use disorder along with loneliness and life dissatisfaction.ResultsThis brief, 12-item version of the CES-D was devised with persons with depression and replicated with comparison participants. For both, core sadness, somatic symptoms, interpersonal detachment, and absence of well-being each significantly contributed to measurement of a higher-order depression latent construct (P<.01). Structural equation modeling was performed to establish the construct validity of this 4-factor model in which depression is predicted by socioeconomic factors and depression predicts lower social support as well as greater psychological distress.ConclusionsResponses to this 12-item, online version of the CES-D demonstrate factorial and construct validity. Clinical research is required in future to ascertain whether scores greater than 11 (of 36) are suggestive of elevated depressive symptomology.

Family-preschool partnership is key to children’s development. A large body of research has examined the relationship between the family-preschool partnership and the children’s cognitive and socio-emotional development. However, existing measures of family-preschool partnership have some limitations. The aim of the present study was to examine the factorial validity of the Family-Preschool Partnership Scale (FPPS). The FPPS was developed as a comprehensive self-report measure which assesses the family-preschool partnership, incorporating reports from both families and preschool teachers. The family and preschool teacher questionnaires of the FPPS were completed by 205 parents and 171 preschool teachers from seven municipalities in Greece. Results from the study indicated strong evidence for the reliability of the measure. FPPS is a measure that can be used by families with preschool children and preschool teachers to assess their level of partnership. Limitations and recommendations for future directions are discussed.

Background/Objective: This study aimed to adapt the Mental Fatigue Scale (MFs) to evaluate the psychometric properties in adult and adolescent athletes. Methods: A total of 491 adolescent and adult athletes (n = 491) consisting of 204 adults (men = 115; female = 90; age = 24.38 ± 3.18 year) and 287 adolescents (men = 178; female = 109; age = 14.97 ± 1.55 year) who actively participated in various sports branches voluntarily participated in this study. The MFs consists of fifteen (15) items and a single-factor structure and is a measurement tool used to measure the general mental fatigue level of athletes. Two experts used a four-point Likert scale to assess the content validity of each of the fifteen MFs items, which were aligned with the provided definition of mental fatigue in a sports context. Drawing on these findings, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the survey data collected to assess the construct validity of this measure. Results: The outcomes of the confirmatory factor analysis provided acceptable support for factorial validity (χ2/sd = 1.52; p < 0.01, SRMR = 0.05, RMSEA = 0.08, GFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.89, NNFI = 0.87). Additionally, multi-group confirmatory factor analysis supported measurement invariance, indicating that the scale functions equivalently across adolescent and adult athletes. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrated favorable internal consistency (α = 0.88), confirming the reliability of the MFs. Test–retest after two weeks revealed an intra-class correlation of 0.90. Conclusions: Collectively, these results suggest that the MFs is a dependable and valid instrument that is particularly valuable for gauging overall mental fatigue in athletes. Coaches and sports scientists can use this assessment tool to evaluate athletes’ general mental fatigue effectively.

Chronic skin diseases and life trajectories: Development and validation of "Dermatology Long-Term Life Impact Measure".

Development and validation of the microaggression scale for refugees (MSR): Independent contributions of microaggression and experienced stigma to psychological distress and somatic symptoms.

Introduction: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a critical condition that affects 20–30% of people with acute pancreatitis (AP). Prompt detection and accurate classification are crucial to direct prompt interventions, increase resource allocation, and improve patient outcomes. Current scoring systems, while beneficial, frequently face challenges related to speed, complexity, and early predictive accuracy. Method: We developed and validated an effective six-parameter risk assessment scale for AP, incorporating pancreatic-specific biomarkers (trypsinogen-activating peptide [TAP], trypsin-2), systemic inflammation markers (C-reactive protein), pancreatic enzyme concentrations, blood glucose, and patient age. The study cohort included 104 patient samples. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman–Brown coefficients, factorial validity was determined by principal component analysis, and predictive validity was analyzed using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Biotemporal changes at 24 and 48 h were assessed to classify risk scoring. Results: The scale demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.72) and a distinct structure with two factors representing local pancreatic damage and systemic inflammation, explaining 65% of the variability. Logistic regression established predictive validity for serious outcomes, with TAP and trypsin-2 showing significant correlations. ROC analysis demonstrated remarkable discriminative capacity (AUC = 0.85), showing a sensitivity of 82.4% and a specificity of 76.8%. Assessment of temporal biomarkers showed a reduction in TAP, signifying resolution of the initial enzymatic activation, while trypsin-2 levels continued to increase, indicating persistent damage to the pancreatic tissue. Patients were classified into low-, moderate- and high-risk groups, facilitating practical clinical decision-making. Discussion and Conclusions: This six-parameter risk score provides a rapid, biologically based, and clinically useful method for early detection of patients at risk for SAP. Combining indicators of local pancreatic involvement with systemic inflammation allows for prompt triage, improves the allocation of intensive therapy, and supports informed prognostic conversations.

To psychometrically validate a comprehensive core competence (3C) instrument to measure the core competence of healthcare professionals in clinical settings. Instrument development and validation study. This study focused on the fourth phase of instrument development and validation, which involves refining the scale and assessing its psychometric properties. Secondary data from self-reported assessments of core competency levels by healthcare professionals (628 nurses and 450 physicians) working at healthcare institutions in Oman were used. Structural validity was examined via exploratory factor analysis using oblique rotation (Promax). The stability of factorial validity was assessed through transformation analysis and invariance testing using confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. The development and validation process produced a 3C instrument including 39 items across 11 factors: research and innovation (4 items), patient sustainable care (5 items), strategic leadership (4 items), safety promotion (3 items), tech integration (3 items), quality excellence (4 items), collaborative care delivery (4 items), professional growth (3 items), communication excellence (3 items), ethics and compliance (3 items) and professional practice (3 items). The instrument explained 65.3% and 67.6% of the total observed variance for nurses and physicians, respectively, with Cronbach's alpha for each component above the minimum acceptable value of 0.70. The 3C instrument, developed through structured validation, comprehensively assesses healthcare professionals' core competencies, bridging the gap in existing tools with robust psychometric properties. Healthcare professionals must develop robust and versatile core competencies to address increasing quality and safety patient care demands, escalating costs, unsustainable delivery models and rising stakeholder expectations. The developed 3C instrument is valuable for (1) comprehensively assessing core competencies, (2) suggesting an immediate and short-term action plan and (3) stimulating policies to drive the transformation of the delivery system over the longer term. No patient or public contribution.

Asylum seekers and refugees (ASR) are at high risk of mental health disorders including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and anxiety. However, prevalence rates vary significantly due to methodological differences and the diverse socio-demographic characteristics of these populations. Access to mental health care is further complicated by language barriers, cultural differences, and systemic discrimination. The STAR-MH (Screening Tool for Asylum-seeker and Refugee Mental Health) was developed in the original version as a brief, easy-to-administer tool for early detection of MDD and PTSD in this vulnerable group. To standardise the Italian version of the STAR-MH for use in non-clinical contexts, such as migrant reception centres. The English version of the STAR-MH was back-translated into Italian following WHO guidelines; the resulting tool was then tested on a sample of 122 adult ASR in Northern Italy residing in migrant reception centres. Psychometric evaluations included internal consistency (Cronbach's α), factorial validity (PCA analysis), and construct validity (correlations with standardised psychiatric assessment tools such as the HSCL-25, HTQ-5, and MINI). ROC analyses were run to test its diagnostic properties and derive its cut-off score. The Italian version of the STAR-MH showed sufficient, albeit sub-optimal, internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .68) and a mono-component structure. While it was not sufficiently sensitive to MDD (which may be attributed to content- and culture-related biases), it demonstrated strong convergent validity with established psychiatric assessment tools and high diagnostic accuracy for PTSD (AUC = 0.82, sensitivity = 80%, and specificity = 76.7%). The Italian version of the STAR-MH is a clinimetrically sound instrument to screen for PTSD among ASR, although modifications may be needed to improve its ability to capture MDD in different ASR populations. As it is, the STAR-MH can be a valuable resource for non healthcare providers, such as frontline workers, to facilitate timely mental health interventions.

Cancer stigma negatively impacts diagnosis, quality of life, and survival outcomes, yet stigma reduction efforts are hindered by the lack of a valid and universal scale to measure cancer stigma. This study aimed to develop and validate a global cancer stigma scale, the Cross-Cultural Oncology Measure for Perception and Awareness of Stigma Scale (COMPASS), which measures internalized, anticipated, and enacted stigma. The scale was developed using mixed methods in two phases: (1) feedback from experts and people with cancer on an initial pool of items, and (2) psychometric validation with people with cancer. Data were collected from two cancer centers in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, and Lilongwe, Malawi. We examined the scale's initial psychometric properties, including item-total correlation, reliability, factorial validity, and construct validity. Initial qualitative interviews informed the generation and refinement of 50 items, which were then administered to 209 individuals with cancer. Psychometric analysis reduced the scale to 28 items distributed across three stigma domains: anticipated (8 items), internalized (8 items), and enacted (12 items). The refined scale demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties, with confirmatory factor analysis supporting a three-factor model fit (CFI = 0.859, RMSEA = 0.112, SRMR = 0.063) and strong reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.92 to 0.97). Validity was confirmed through strong correlations with related constructs. COMPASS offers a reliable, valid, and cross-culturally applicable tool to measure the magnitude and impact of cancer stigma globally and facilitate the evaluation of stigma reduction interventions.