The Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) measures traits linked to heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems (i.e., hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity, and sensation seeking) and is used to match people to personality-specific interventions. There is inconsistency in the SURPS' factor structure; evidence suggests confirmatory factor analysis may be too restrictive for measures capturing correlated constructs like the SURPS. We examined whether exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) is better than confirmatory factor analysis for understanding the optimal factor structure of the SURPS in emerging adults. We tested the ESEM model for invariance across sex and alcohol use groups and evaluated the validity of SURPS subscales for identifying risky drinking motives and alcohol-related problems. Emerging adults (N = 6,397, 18-25 years, M [±SD] = 19.22 [1.49]) from five Canadian universities provided survey data. Relative to an ill-fitting confirmatory factor analysis, ESEM showed excellent fit. The SURPS ESEM provided evidence supporting equal measurement across sex and alcohol use groups. Concurrent associations included hopelessness with enhancement, anxiety-coping, depression-coping, and conformity motives; anxiety sensitivity with anxiety-coping, depression-coping, conformity motives, and alcohol-related problems; impulsivity with all motives and problems; and sensation seeking with enhancement, social, depression-coping, expansion motives, and related problems. Results support the SURPS as a structurally valid measure of personality vulnerability for risky drinking motives and alcohol-related problems and provide evidence for ESEM approaches when analyzing measures containing correlated constructs. The concurrent associations between SURPS subscales and risky drinking motives and alcohol-related problems in emerging adults support their utility for identifying those who may benefit from targeted interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Universities in Nigeria are not an exception to the growing trend of blended learning (BL) as a promising approach to higher education. The purpose of this study is to create and assess the psychometric qualities of a behavioral intention to use blended learning (BIUBL) scale designed for university lecturers in Nigeria. Data were gathered from 368 lecturers representing federal, state, and private universities using a descriptive survey design. The scale items were refined and the scale’s underlying structure was evaluated through the use of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in SPSS 22.0. The factor structure was then validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using AMOS 20.0. The scale’s reliability of 0.835 was obtained by using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, suggesting strong internal consistency. The results demonstrated the validity and reliability of the scale in gauging the behavioral intention of lecturers to employ BL in Nigerian university settings. In order to evaluate and encourage university lecturers to use BL practices, this scale can be a useful tool for researchers and educators globally. The process of the creation of the scale followed the established rules for a tool construction which could also assist researchers with guidedance. These would ultimately improve the standard of higher education delivery in Nigeria and beyond.

Development and validation of a picture-based measure of prosociality.

Development and validation of the psychological safety in nursing simulation (PSSANS) tool.

To culturally adapt and assess the psychometric properties of the Hess Index of Professional Nursing Governance 3.0 (IPNG) among nurses in China. Shared governance is a structural professional practice model beneficial to both nurses and patients. The IPNG is a widely recognized tool for measuring professional nursing governance, but no psychometrically validated version currently exists for China. This cross-sectional study employed a rigorous 5-stage adaptation process. A convenience sample of 1,023 Chinese nurses was recruited. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and other psychometric properties were assessed. The exploratory factor analysis revealed a new 6-factor structure for the Chinese version of the IPNG (C-IPNG), which differed from the original. This new model was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis with an acceptable fit. The C-IPNG demonstrated strong reliability, with a Cronbach α of 0.976, a scale-level CVI/Ave of 0.960, and a test-retest correlation coefficient of 0.856. The C-IPNG is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing professional nursing governance in the Chinese context.

• It is critical to increase engagement among at-risk families in parenting programs. • Assessing parent readiness for change is crucial to prevent dropout and low adherence. • We developed a brief, reliable measure of parental readiness for change for at-risk parents. • The results support the validity and reliability of the PFRCS-SV. • The scale is suitable for various settings, including research and clinical or social services. Low education and socioeconomic status are consistent predictors of low enrolment and dropout in parenting programs and family support services. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how to enhance the reach of these services, particularly for at-risk families. The Parent Readiness for Change Scale is a self-report measure developed to assess parents’ readiness for change in parenting programs, and it has been studied mostly with middle-class samples. The present study aimed to develop a short-form version of the PRFCS (PRFCS-SF) suitable for parents with low literacy and psychosocial risk. As specific aims, we examined the factorial structure, convergent validity, and reliability of the PRFCS-SF. The sample consisted of 94 Portuguese parents (76.6% mothers), with a mean age of 36.52 years ( SD = 10.61) and a low level of schooling. The participants were recruited from social welfare agencies, public child protection services, and prisons. The original factor structure was replicated. A three-factor solution emerged from the principal component analyses: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, and Action. The subscales showed a good internal consistency and significant correlations among them. Convergent validity was also supported. Globally, the results support the suitability of the PRFCS-SF for parents with low literacy from at-risk contexts. The brief version of the PRFCS developed in the current study can be applicable in different contexts, including research, clinical settings, and social services.

The present study introduces the Restorativeness as Work Scale (R@WS), a new instrument designed to assess the perceived restorativeness of physical work environments. Drawing on Attention Restoration Theory (Kaplan, 1995), the scale focuses on four core dimensions—Being-Away, Fascination, Coherence, and Scope—adapted to the workplace context. A multi-phase, mixed-method approach was employed. In Study 1 (qualitative phase), cognitive interviews with employees guided item development and refinement. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a four-factor structure, leading to a 13-item scale. Study 3 confirmed the factorial structure and internal consistency in a large and heterogeneous worker sample, with evidence of measurement invariance across gender and nomological validity based on relationships with workload, technostress, and perceived performance. The R@WS fills a gap in existing restorativeness measures, which were primarily developed for natural or recreational environments and are ill-suited for occupational settings. This tool supports both research and practical interventions aimed at enhancing the restorative quality of workplaces and promoting employee well-being. • A new scale assesses restorative affordances of physical work environments. • The R@WS adapts ART-based dimensions to everyday workplace settings. • A mixed-method process supported item development and refinement. • A four-factor structure was validated across diverse worker samples. • Restorativeness showed expected links with well-being and strain indicators.

Evaluating the factor structure of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale 2 – Standard Version: Evidence for a three-factor model

Feeding disorders in early childhood involve maladaptive mealtime behaviors, nutritional deficits, and strained parent-child interactions. Standardized tools for Persian-speaking populations are scarce. This study translated and adapted the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS) into Persian and evaluated its psychometric properties. The process included translation/adaptation and psychometric testing. Content validity was reviewed by 14 experts, face validity by interviews with 25 mothers, and construct validity via factor analysis with 203 mothers. Reliability was assessed through internal consistency and test-retest stability. Interviews refined the questionnaire format. Factor analysis yielded five child subscales and three parent subscales, explaining 45.11% and 56.72% of variance. The scale demonstrated strong reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .94; ICC = 0.94). Findings confirm that the Persian BPFAS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing feeding disorders in children in Persian-speaking families. Its multidimensional factor structure highlights the complexity of feeding problems and supports its use for early identification and behavioral intervention planning in clinical and community settings.

Alexithymia is a trait that involves deficits in emotion processing and has important implications for mental health. The assessment of alexithymia is therefore clinically consequential, but until recently, alexithymia questionnaires were all quite lengthy, limiting their utility in time-pressured research and clinical settings. Recently, the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire-Short Form (PAQ-S) was introduced to address this gap, providing a brief 6-item self-report measure of alexithymia. In this study, we evaluate the psychometric performance of the PAQ-S in a clinical sample. Five hundred thirty-one individuals with various mental health diagnoses completed the PAQ-S and other psychometric measures of clinically-relevant constructs. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the PAQ-S had a theoretically congruent factor structure, with items loading significantly on a general alexithymia factor. The PAQ-S displayed high internal consistency, and an expected pattern of associations with other constructs (i.e., psychopathology symptoms, somatic symptoms, personality dysfunction, attention difficulties, memory complaints, emotion regulation, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social desirability). Overall, our data suggest the scores on the PAQ-S exhibit strong validity and reliability in clinical populations. Its brevity makes the PAQ-S a practical tool for alexithymia assessments in time-limited settings, enabling new opportunities to explore the clinical relevance of alexithymia. • The PAQ-S shows a congruent single-factor structure in a clinical sample. • PAQ-S scores demonstrate high internal consistency (omega = 0.84). • Higher alexithymia links to more psychopathology, somatic symptoms, and poor memory. • Higher alexithymia links to lower self-esteem and life satisfaction. • PAQ-S scores are unaffected by social desirability bias.

Psychometric evaluation of the flourishing-at-work scale in the Indonesian context.

Validation of the PHQ-4 in the general population of Quebec, Canada.

The visual analogue scale (VAS) methodology for tracking hunger, fullness, desire to eat and prospective consumption attempts to capture conceptually distinct but related dimensions of motivation to eat. It is the most commonly used methodology to measure subjective motivation to eat in human appetite and energy balance research. The current paper examined the underlying factor structure of the 4 motivation to eat VAS: 1) in 552 participants from 13 studies at the Human Appetite Research Unit (HARU) at the University of Leeds through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) in fasting and post-meal conditions; 2) in 151 participants of the multi-center DiOGenes study through CFA in fasting and post-meal conditions before and after weight loss. EFA results indicated that >60% of the variance between the VAS variables was explained by one underlying factor. The CFAs confirmed that the one-dimensional structure presented an overall good model fit. The 4 VAS questions presented high factor loadings. The one-dimensional structure also revealed high construct reliability and convergent validity across the 13 studies. A second analysis further confirmed a one-factor structure in fasting and post-meal conditions before and after weight loss. Measurement invariance testing was conducted across sex and fasted vs non-fasted conditions. Results indicated model invariance across sex at the configural, metric, and scalar levels, and partial metric invariance across conditions. This current analysis indicates that hunger, fullness, desire to eat and prospective consumption VAS questions contribute to a single latent factor that should be used as a composite measure of the underlying process of motivation to eat. Additionally, this work suggests new methods should be developed to identify and measure different dimensions of motivation to eat states.

The Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) is widely used to assess somatic symptom burden, but its latent structure remains uncertain. This study tested competing PHQ-15 factor models and their associations with demographic and psychological variables in a large, nationally representative UK sample (N = 1405). Confirmatory factor analyzes using WLSMV evaluated alternative structures reported in the literature. Several multifactor models showed acceptable fit, but a four-factor model comprising pain, cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal, and fatigue domains provided the best overall fit and outperformed a one-factor solution. Inter-factor correlations were high, indicating substantial overlap between domains and supporting the utility of the total PHQ-15 score. Males reported slightly lower symptom burdens, and younger adults reported more somatic complaints. Findings support multidimensionality alongside a strong general somatic distress tendency, though the PHQ-15 does not fully align with ICD-11 bodily distress disorder criteria.

Relationship self-sabotage has been primarily examined in Western contexts, and its measurement in Chinese populations remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Relationship Sabotage Scale (RSS) among Chinese college students. Two independent samples of Chinese college students with prior romantic experience were recruited from four universities in Jiangsu Province in 2024 (Sample 1: n = 550; Sample 2: n = 568). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the factor structure. Measurement invariance was tested across gender, only-child status, migration experience, left-behind experience, and family residence. Reliability and multiple forms of validity, including convergent, discriminant, and known-groups validity, were assessed. A three-factor structure-Defensiveness, Trust Difficulty, and Lack of Relationship Skills-was generally supported, with acceptable model fit overall (χ2/df = 3.81, RMSEA = 0.070, CFI = 0.951, TLI = 0.930), although model fit in Sample 1 was marginal. Measurement invariance was supported at the configural, metric, and scalar levels across the examined groups. The scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.79-0.95), although corrected item-total correlations indicated variability across items, consistent with the multidimensional structure. Convergent validity was supported by positive associations with attachment avoidance and anxiety, whereas discriminant validity was indicated by negative associations with relationship satisfaction and self-esteem. Known-groups validity was partially supported, with some group differences observed across gender and family residence. These findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the RSS in a Chinese context. However, given the marginal model fit in one sample and variability in item-level performance, further validation in more diverse and representative samples is warranted. The scale may serve as a useful tool for assessing self-sabotaging tendencies in romantic relationships among Chinese college students.

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Mindfulness Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ) for the Brazilian context, in order to offer an adequate instrument to measure adherence to mindfulness practice in mindfulness-based interventions. Method The adaptation process followed international guidelines for translation and semantic equivalence, including translation-back-translation methodology, review by an expert committee, and application in a pilot study. A convenience sample composed of 303 participants (82.61% women), aged between 22 and 73 years, was recruited online. Participants completed the Brazilian versions of the MAQ, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21), Big Five Inventory (BFI), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha and omega coefficients. Results The factor structure showed good adequacy, with satisfactory factor loadings. Internal consistency measures were adequate. The MAQ showed positive correlations with all variables related to mindfulness and personality traits, except for anxiety and stress scores. Conclusions The Brazilian version of the MAQ demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties and the preliminary findings suggest that the MAQ shows promising evidence of validity and reliability to assess the quantity and quality of formal and informal mindfulness practice, contributing to research and the integrity of clinical practice in Brazil. Preregistration This study is not preregistered.

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aims to empirically define the competency profile of social work professionals in educational institutions by identifying and structuring core competencies that articulate their professional role within the educational system. Materials and methods A quantitative descriptive-exploratory design was employed. Data were collected from 859 participants (students and graduates linked to Andalusian universities). An initial 24-item questionnaire was developed and subsequently refined through statistical analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the factorial structure of the instrument. Results The analysis resulted in a factorial structure comprising 15 competencies organized into three interrelated factors: competencies related to work with teaching staff, competencies focused on students, and competencies oriented toward families. The model demonstrated satisfactory goodness-of-fit indicators, supporting the internal coherence and empirical consistency of the proposed competency framework. Discussion Findings contribute to clarifying the professional role of social work within educational institutions by providing an empirically grounded structuring of competencies. The results address the existing gap between the discursive recognition of school social work and the limited systematic delimitation of its competency profile. Conclusion This study offers an evidence-based competency framework that strengthens the alignment between university training and professional practice, contributing to the disciplinary delimitation and institutional positioning of social work in educational contexts.

Depressive symptoms increase markedly in adolescence, especially among females. It remains unclear whether this reflects age- and sex-related changes in levels of the same construct or differences in the nature or expression of depression. We examined whether depression is structurally equivalent across age and sex. A community sample of 481 youth was assessed from age 9 to 18 at 3-year intervals. At each wave, participants completed the Children's Depression Inventory. We evaluated the Children's Depression Inventory factor structure and tested measurement invariance (MI) across development and sex. A unidimensional structure was supported at all waves. Developmental MI analyses indicated configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance. Sex-based MI analyses within the longitudinal framework showed similar results. Depression appears largely structurally consistent across development and sex, although its expression may vary slightly as a function of changing contexts and socioemotional development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Sexual cognitive schemas are central cognitive representations of sexual aspects of self that shape the interpretation of sexual experiences and may contribute to individual differences in sexual functioning. The present study aimed to validate the Questionnaire of Cognitive Schema Activation in Sexual Context (QCSASC) in a Hungarian sample and to examine whether sexual cognitive schemas mediate the relationship between personality traits and sexual functioning. A total of 256 university students (202 females) completed the QCSASC and the Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire. Moreover, the Female Sexual Function Index was administered. The factor structure was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and associations among personality, schemas, and sexual function were tested using correlational, regression, and mediation analyses. Results supported a five-factor structure of the Hungarian QCSASC, identifying Helplessness, Incompetence, Rejection, Unattractiveness, and Unlovability schemas, all showing good internal consistency. Sexual cognitive schemas were positively related to Neuroticism and negatively to Extraversion. Female sexual function was related to the Incompetence schema. Personality traits showed no direct link with female sexual functioning; however, through the sexual cognitive schema, there was a significant indirect link between personality (Extraversion, Neuroticism) and female sexual functioning. These findings suggest that sexual cognitive schemas can represent a pathway between personality traits and sexual functioning.

ABSTRACT There are a small number of platforms that specialise in collecting survey data from staff working in schools. Many use a survey instrument that attempts to gather staff views about multiple aspects of their school, such as workload, pupil behaviour and quality of the leadership. Yet little information has been published regarding the psychometric properties of these survey instruments, including their factor structure. This paper presents new evidence on this matter for one such platform (The Engagement Platform – TEP) that is currently collecting data from around 10,000 members of staff working across 126 of England’s schools. We find this instrument captures information on ten distinct aspects of staff views of their job via multiple questions. These measures have a high degree of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, correlate with measures of pupil engagement and are related to staff’s decisions of whether to leave their job. Recommendations are made as to how this instrument may be further developed in the future.