Facade Elements Research Articles

무리지능 기반 파라메트릭 파사드 패턴 디자인 방법 및 그래스호퍼 알고리즘 개발

In a trend of urbanization, population lives in cities. These citizens want to live in a good urban life. For their good lives, urban environment as their living areas is filled with buildings. so facade pattern designs as one of visual elements of architectural facade have been considered and demanded in an artistic perspective of architecture. In designing architectural facade, designers and architects need to have an inspiration or its various and creative idea provided in a short time in their schematic design phase. Therefore, this research aims to develop design methods and their Grasshopper algorithms for parametric facade pattern design based on Swarm Intelligence, which is used in the field of Biomimicry, which is one of elements and attributes of Biophilic Design and a field of making it possible for efficient and artistic results to be produced by structural orders and principles from nature. The detailed objectives of this research are first, theoretical review for facade parametric pattern design, and Biomimicry and Swarm Intelligence, second, building a logical structure to produce data corresponding to each flocking behavior’s rule, and third, developing design methods and Grasshopper algorithms for Swarm Intelligence-based parametric facade patterns, representing parametric facade pattern designs, and comparing and analyzing with previous research’s algorithm. The study is focused on only introduction of Swarm Intelligence-based parametric facade pattern design’s methods and Grasshopper algorithms, display of pattern design examples, which are previous steps of applied to architectural facades. This research means to define a basic Grasshopper algorithm based on Swarm Intelligence in order to develop detailed design methods of parametric facade pattern designs and help designers and architects to get inspired from and various and creative idea in a short time in earlier design stage. The research is expected to be able to play an expanded system for developing parametric facade pattern design in the field of not only architectural facade but also interior space design.

Обеспечение безопасности на строительной площадке. Методика статического испытания шва из минеральной ваты на продавливание между плитой перекрытия и фасадом здания на этапе «строительства»

The article presents the main provisions of ensuring safety on the construction site. Safety of the joint (at the construction stage) between the ceiling plate and the facade cladding sealed with the mineral wool (stone wool) and a firestop sealant is considered. A seam that has not yet been sealed presents a potential hazard of injury or falling objects to a lower level that requires actions within the standard procedures. When a seam is sealed, its hazard becomes less obvious. The purpose of this work is to assess the safety of the described design. For this purpose, a test setup, a method for testing a seal for static strength were developed, the tests were carried out with subsequent analysis and conclusions. The object of study is a seal (at the construction stage) between a reinforced concrete slab and a facade finishing element filled with a mineral wool and covered with a highly elastic refractory sealant. The testable criterion for the performance of the joint is its ability to withstand the load of a person. As a possible further continuation of this work, the first aspect that needs to be studied is the testing of a building element of a similar design during its operation phase, when the joint is covered with a reinforced screed with a thickness of 50 mm. The second important aspect is that the performance criterion should be extended to the fall of a rigid object from a height, and the appropriate tests should be carried out. The third important aspect is the need to develop test methods, in which the joint will be subjected to dynamic impact, since if the resistance of the joint to foot penetration or to objects falling from a height is considered, the load will not have a slow, static nature.

Influence of different exposition of larch wood facade models on their surface degradation processes

Abstract Wood, as a building material, is nowadays more often used outdoors. From the point of view of environment care, wood constructions and use of renewable materials belongs between modern increasing trends in industry. Wooden facades, more often used without surface treatment, are the important part of this trend. In Central Europe, European larch (Larix decidua) and Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) are especially popular materials for wooden facade elements. The aim of this study is to characterize the surface degradation of untreated facade models from both European and Siberian larch wood. The wood species, orientation to the sides of the world and construction type of the facade were the evaluation factors, which were regularly examined during 24 months of outdoor exposure via measuring the changes of surface colour, gloss, wettability and visual appearance in the form of cracks and resin leaking. The influence of all evaluated factors on the measured properties was determined. The results of this work can help to proper use of untreated larch wood on facade elements in practice.

Features of Aerosols Solid Particles Movement with Various Densities inside Ventilated Airspace of the Cladding Façade Systems

This article presents the results of a study of aerosols solid particles movement inside ventilated air space of the ventilation facade. Particles of pollutants in the form of solid aerosol particles penetrate inside the air space of the ventilated façade. In the scientific literature, studies of settling processes (downward movement) of pollutant particles are given. However, the patterns of their movement inside the ventilated facades structure have not been studied thoroughly. The calculation method proposed by the author makes it possible to establish the speed of aerosol solid particles movement inside the ventilated air space of the ventilation facade and establish whether the particles will move upward together with the air flow or will settle on the structural elements of the ventilation facade facing the ventilated air space, taking into account the air flow rate and its temperature, and the size and density of aerosol contaminants.

Study the application of “green building” on the aspect of the shape and facade LP2M UNNES building

In designing a building, the shape and facade have a very important role. Green building is a high-performance building designed to be responsive to the environment, economically sufficient profit, and as a healthy place to live and work (environmentally responsible, economically profitable, and healthy places to live and work). The concept of ‘green’ is not just a current trend, but must be treated as a basic principle when we start designing buildings. The characteristics that emerge from the design of the shape and facade of a building will form the image of the building itself. To find out the explanation of the concept of the shape and facade of a building, in this research qualitative research with content analysis method is used, through a study of the main building with a case study of the building of LP2M UNNES Sekaran Gunungpati Campus by applying descriptive analysis content. From the analysis study, it will be known that the building has undergone a transformation in the form of addition and subtraction. In designing environmentally friendly buildings is actually a process. The goal is not to make a perfect building, but rather to create a better building. One of the advantages gained in applying the Green Building concept is efficiency. In terms of the facade of the LP2M UNNES building, it appears that in the processing of the embodiment of the shape of the building, of course it is also influenced by material elements, color, proportion, rhythm, and texture. From these studies it is expected that the facade elements of the appearance of a building will show the identity and character of the building.

Changes in wood properties of chestnut wood structural elements with natural aging

Knowing the effects of natural aging on wood properties is important both for the conservation of historical wooden material and for reuse of aged wood. The aim of this study was to investigate the wood properties of old wooden elements not impregnated with any protective chemicals and taken from different parts of Zeytinlik houses in Giresun, Turkey. Test samples were prepared from old wooden elements and freshly cut chestnut timber. The anatomical, chemical, physical and mechanical properties were determined according to standard procedure, and the results were compared with those of recent wood specimen. As a result of the anatomical identification, it was determined that the wooden elements used in traditional Zeytinlik houses belong to species of Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa), and after an average service life of 88, 113 and 120 years, there was no change in the anatomical structure of the old wooden elements. Fourier transform infrared band characterization of old wood specimens revealed that hemicelluloses degraded and lignin structure changed on the surface of almost all specimens. Especially, the wood density values of the facade elements were smaller than that of recent wood specimen. Except for the modulus of rupture of window sill and rafter, all mechanical properties were significantly greater compared with those of recent wood specimen. The results of this research showed that old wood not damaged by fungi and insects could be evaluated for reuse.

An Interactive platform for low-cost 3D building modeling from VGI data using convolutional neural network

ABSTRACT The applications of 3D building models are limited as producing them requires massive labor and time costs as well as expensive devices. In this paper, we aim to propose a novel and web-based interactive platform, VGI3D, to overcome these challenges. The platform is designed to reconstruct 3D building models by using free images from internet users or volunteered geographic information (VGI) platform, even though not all these images are of high quality. Our interactive platform can effectively obtain each 3D building model from images in 30 seconds, with the help of user interaction module and convolutional neural network (CNN). The user interaction module provides the boundary of building facades for 3D building modeling. And this CNN can detect facade elements even though multiple architectural styles and complex scenes are within the images. Moreover, user interaction module is designed as simple as possible to make it easier to use for both of expert and non-expert users. Meanwhile, we conducted a usability testing and collected feedback from participants to better optimize platform and user experience. In general, the usage of VGI data reduces labor and device costs, and CNN simplifies the process of elements extraction in 3D building modeling. Hence, our proposed platform offers a promising solution to the 3D modeling community.

РАЗРАБОТКА КЕРАМИЧЕСКИХ ТЕПЛОГЕНЕРИРУЮЩИХ СОЛНЕЧНЫХ КОЛЛЕКТОРОВ-ПЛИТ

An urgent problem of the modern world is the global warming of the Earth, fraught with a climatic catastrophe. In addition, an important strategic task for Armenia is the issue of reducing the costly imported risky supplies of hydrocarbon and nuclear fuel and increasing the country's energy security. The Union of Armenian Ceramics Manufacturers has developed a new generation of ceramic heat-generating solar collector- plates, which allow converting solar energy into thermal energy of hot water in a more efficient, easily accessible and cheap way. Water heated in such an environmentally friendly and widely available way can be used for hot water supply (DHW) and additional auxiliary heating of premises. In Armenia, to obtain hot water for domestic and technical needs, electricity is used and hydrocarbon fuel is burned in an amount equivalent to USD 200...300 million per year. At the same time, tens of thousands of tons of carbon dioxide, water vapor and other greenhouse gases are emitted into the atmosphere. With the massive introduction of ceramic solar collector plates, for example, in the form of roof tiles or other facade elements, it is possible to obtain very cheap hot water for hot water supply and warm air for additional auxiliary heating of premises in the spring - autumn seasons of the year. The mass introduction of collector tiles (the so-called "heliofication" of buildings, countries) will save a significant amount of electricity, natural gas and other types of fuel for heating water, and significantly reduce the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The large-scale introduction of solar roof tiles in several countries in the region is likely to help mitigate the global warming. The solarization of Armenia will also make it possible to reduce the expenditure of financial resources for the purchase of energy carriers and direct the saved funds to the development of the country's economy.

Design of atypical facade architectural elements as noise reduction barriers - case study

The presented work is the result of affirmation of synergistic work of experts dealing with architectural and acoustic design with the aim and purpose of finding an adequate solution for optimal correction of the effect of GHG systems installed on the facade of the subject (case study) office building in Belgrade. Measurements established that the noise of the constructed GHG systems affected the residential building in the immediate vicinity. The effect of the constructed devices (refers to the installed units) of the office building in question in the case when they operate at full capacity was measuring to be about 58 dB (A). The urban zone in which the building is located (Vracar-Belgrade) belongs to the category of "office residential area" in which the outdoor noise level permitted for the period of day is 60 dB (A), and for the night period is 50 dB (A). Taking into account the stated facts, it has been unequivocally established that GHG systems to a certain extent exceed the permitted noise levels and "endanger" the neighboring observed building. The subject of this professional scientific research is the design of atypical facade architectural elements as a barrier reducing noise on the example of an office building in Belgrade. The architectural challenge was reflected in the fact that, in addition to designing the facade element which, at the request of the investor must not compromise the architecture of the building, therefore, should be "atypical in architectural design", it must also provide flexibility in applying different variants of acoustic barriers, which in addition to architectonic requirement must provide an adequate response to acoustic requirements. To the satisfaction of the authors, the designed barrier confirmed a successful synergy solution. The adopted architectural-acoustic configuration of the barrier proved to be effective regardless of the type of installed air conditioners, which in some way justifies the initial idea of strong causality of acoustic and architectural design, as a synergistic principle.

Organização compositiva e lumínica de uma fachada fractal

Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento e avaliação compositiva de um processo de projeto paramétrico que permite organizar elementos de fachada, com características da geometria fractal, conforme as necessidades do partido arquitetônico ou por meio do consequente comportamento da luz natural diurna. Para isso elementos de proteção baseados em fractais lineares foram criados, e por intermédio desses elementos é possível formar e controlar arranjos compositivos conforme a radiação solar incidente sob fachada. Os resultados desses arranjos são avaliados de modo quantitativo através de simulações dinâmicas da luz natural, e de modo qualitativo por intermédio de modelos renderizados e de uma maquete física, construída com o auxílio de uma cortadora a laser. Para se desenvolver o processo paramétrico uma sequência de ações foi elaborada dentro de um software de programação visual, sendo os principais módulos: a criação de um ambiente urbano; a formação de um elemento de fachada; e componentes de avaliação para o processo. Como conclusão foi possível identificar que os resultados e meios de avaliação disponibilizados pelo processo paramétrico possibilitam ampliar a tomada de decisão do projetista, podendo hierarquizar suas escolhas. Essas decisões ainda podem ser potencializadas com o auxílio de maquetes físicas, pois possibilitam identificar características pontuais que podem alterar as definições compositivas já identificadas em análises quantitativas e visualizações bidimensionais.

Influência de paredes verdes no desempenho térmico de habitações sociais

A utilização da vegetação como elemento de fachada ainda compreende uma prática bastante incipiente, mas tem se popularizado devido à promessa de melhoria no desempenho térmico das edificações, além de representar uma alternativa de ampliação da biodiversidade no ambiente urbano. Neste trabalho investiga-se a influência das paredes verdes, no contexto climático brasileiro, sobre o desempenho térmico de edifícios habitacionais de interesse social. Como metodologia, utiliza-se a simulação do comportamento termoenergético de um edifício habitacional multifamiliar, por meio d­o programa EnergyPlus, incluindo-se o modelo HAMT que leva em conta o processo de transferência de umidade através da envoltória, para três zonas bioclimáticas previstas na norma NBR 15.220-2005, clima extremo para inverno (ZB1), clima extremo de verão (ZB8) e para um clima considerado como intermediário (ZB3). Os resultados obtidos demonstram uma diferença na temperatura interna dos ambientes, decorrente dos dois arranjos de fachada analisados: com e sem vegetação. O uso da parede verde proporcionou uma redução na temperatura interna de até 2,8 °C no verão e um aumento de até 1,4 °C no inverno. Observa-se que a vegetação na fachada ajudou a manter a temperatura interna mais baixa durante o dia e amena durante a noite. Logo, as paredes verdes podem representar uma solução sustentável e de baixo custo a ser implantada às edificações, visando melhorar seu desempenho térmico.

Developing the Procedures of No Contact Geodetic Measurements for High Building's Facades with Complicated Separate (Dept.C)

In this paper was developed a methodology and executive surveys of the position, component and operational monitoring of facade constructions, This methodology is available for separately facade elements with different and complicated geometric shapes. Procedures and interpretation of the results of measurements with the appropriate theoretical substantiation of the proposed solutions are developed in this thesis, resection method used for determining the coordinates in the most probable plan and intersection method used for the coordinates of the separate element points. : The results of the geodetic measurements were processed. The coordinates of the separate elements of the facade were calculate the position and the deviation of the most probable plane of real facade. This methodology is very suitable for setting the facades of the high-rise building. س

UAV, Digital Processing and Vectorization Techniques Applied to Building Condition Assessment and Follow-up

The aim of the paper is to explain the basic principles of carrying out an inventory and follow-up of buildings and their condition assessment, by using the Full Interactive Visualization Method for Building Condition Assessment platform. It is a platform enabling the implementation of construction inventory based on the remote cooperation of many specialists in the field of, among others: building construction, architecture, civil engineering, photogrammetry, CAD, UAV. This type of cooperation is of particular importance especially in the context of the current epidemiological situation related to COVID-19. The idea of the presented platform fits into the broadly understanding of Building Information Modeling. After introducing the methodology, stages of the inventory and follow-up process carried out within the platform are illustrated and discussed on the basis of a case study. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the proposed methodology creates a convenient, efficient and inexpensive tool for massive inspection of building resources in large areas. The inventory is based primarily on high-quality photo and video material obtained from the deck of an unmanned aerial vehicle and the expert knowledge of the inspector conducting the inspection. By combining digital images data (photos, 3D model, orthophotos) with substantive data (facade element classification tables, wear / defect classification tables), we get a platform that allows intuitive access to viewing, classification, editing and analysis of selected data.

AKULTURASI BUDAYA PADA MASJID JAMI’ SHIRATAL MUSTAQIEM SEBAGAI OBJEK DESTINASI WISATA RELIGI DI SAMARINDA

In its development of mosque architecture, various forms and styles of mosque buildings emerged throughout the Islamic world, including Indonesia. The shape is diverse, depending on various factors, including geographical conditions, local culture, mixing culture and technology. Thus the building of the Islamic world mosque shows its own image due to the different climate, building materials, technology, or expertise of artists. The Jami ’Shirathal Mustaqiem Mosque is one of the oldest religious buildings now incorporated by the East Kalimantan cultural heritage body as a religious tourism object in Samarinda.Based on the results of preliminary observations on the Shirathal Mustaqim mosque building, there are seen a number of cultural blends both from interior ornaments and facade elements.This mixing of cultures forms a harmony that contains aesthetic values. The research was limited only to interior ornaments and facade elements namely the shape of the mosque, and ornaments on the roof. The method used is a qualitative method with regard to conditions on the object, conformity to the theory and data available in the field. The results of this study are the influence of external forces on local culture, in this case the culture of the people of East Kalimantan, namely the culture of Kutai and foreign cultures such as Java, as well as foreign cultures such as the Netherlands.

Dynamic transparency in design: the revival of environmental sustainability in design elements of Iraqi buildings

Buildings in Iraqi cities such as Baghdad and Mosul suffer from several problems such as the application of new materials in modern buildings that changed not just the identity of architectural heritage but also the quality of thermal comfort in façade design. This, unfortunately, adds to the damage regarding environmental sustainability and cultural values away from adaptable solutions to improve energy efficiency in building performance. One of the measures that must be taken to correctly plan in harmony with the Iraqi cities is to ensure the environmental control as part of the overall performance of building façade to maintain an active, healthy indoor environment while preserving the propriety of facade design elements, screen pattern, order and details. Therefore, there are many sustainable trends that vary in their usefulness such as biomimetics examples inspired from natural models in which form and function dictate one another. This is in order to maintain the integrated design relation between transparency, function, and elegance in the overall performance of façade elements. The research question is, how important is the choice of material in developing a sustainable element that revives environmental control while preserving the identity and values of façade design?The main goal of the research study is to identify the role of advanced technologies and the choice of smart glazing materials to revive the quality of thermal comfort in a way that not just sustains the identity of facade elements socially and culturally, but also to be responsive to the changes of climate conditions. Therefore, this research utilizes more than one technological tool such as Revit as a BIM tool with the application of smart dynamic materials such as Photovoltaics and Electrochromic in order to restore part of the design expression and enhance the building performance through its elements in contemporary façade design and its details. In this work, it can be seen that applying a set of technological tools allows to clearly illustrate the impact of smart dynamic materials to improve the quality of design and comfort while protecting the identity of contemporary façade elements when compared to static or traditional materials, aesthetically, and functionally.

Improving the facade element surface processing of MDF case furniture

A lot of enterprises engaged in the production of MDF case furniture face the problem of milled plate surface quality. It ensures the production of facing paper and synthetic film or finishing liquid paints and varnishes to improve the facade element surface processing quality of MDF case furniture. The experiments to study the roughness of MDF plates milled surface have been carried out, depending on the feed rate and tool rotation frequency. The work has been carried out using hard-face end mill tools manufactured in accordance with the patent for the utility model (Russian Federation), which enables to improve the quality of machined surfaces by performing finishing milling in one pass and increasing equipment productivity. The determination of the roughness parameter has been carried out in accordance with the requirements of 15612 State Standard. As a result of experimental processing, the dependences of milled surface roughness on the factors under study in the form of regression equations have been obtained. The mathematical dependencies are the results of this work. It enables to set regime parameters for profile milling of MDF surface plates to obtain the required roughness. The optimal milling mode has been determined improving surface finish facade element quality of MDF case furniture.

Study Of The Elements Of Facade Of Colonial Buildings, Case Study: Palm Oil Research Centre (PPKS) And Agency Of Sumatera Plantation Companies (BKS - PPS)

Dutch plantation expansion in the city of Medan left many historical buildings. The plantation building is a historical legacy that must be preserved. G.H Mulder was one of the architects of the time, with his work on the Palm Oil Research Center (PPKS) and the Sumatra Plantation Cooperation Agency (BKS-PPS). The facade is an inseparable element of the architectural product, which is the first element that we capture visually. This research studied and analyzed the elements of colonial architecture that form the facade of The Plantation Development of the Oil Palm Research Center (PPKS) and the building of the Sumatra Plantation Cooperation Agency (BKS-PPS). The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with variables such as walls, columns, doors, windows, vents, roofs, balcony, and ground floor zones. The study founded that the two estate buildings had the characteristics of the transitional colonial architectural period, accompanied by a grouping of similarities in the elements of the two facade. Despite having the same function, architect, and construction period, the two buildings still have differences in the characteristics in facade elements and the visual quality.

Passive solar heating through glazing: The limits and potential for climate change mitigation in the European building stock

Glazing transparency provides buildings with valuable solar energy during periods of colder weather, thus contributing to the mitigation of climate change. However, this same transparency also leads to heat loss which can offset heat gains. Although the use of insulated glazing addresses this challenge by multiplying the number of glass panes, at the same time it reduces the solar factor and thus the heating potential. This article aims to estimate the potential for passive solar heating in Europe according to the energy performance of glazing.This potential is undoubtedly a valuable resource for sustainable architecture. However, an analysis based on regional weather conditions shows a wide disparity in the energy savings that can be expected from a south-facing facade. These savings are most often well below a building’s average energy consumption and so a balance has to be found between the thermal resistance and the solar factor of glazing. In addition, the carbon footprint and cost of the most efficient glazing can considerably extend the environmental and economic payback time of a retrofit.This research shows that the potential for passive solar heating is significant but only as long as each architectural situation is analysed according to its specific context and function. This potential would be even greater if windows were designed and used as adjustable facade elements to suit variations in weather and use.

Avaliação da Eficiência Energética do Tribunal de Contas do Paraná, sediado em Curitiba

A procura por maior eficiência energética no uso da eletricidade trouxe inúmeras iniciativas louváveis, no Brasil sob responsabilidade maior do Procel, com campanhas de conscientização dos usuários, pela etiquetagem de aparelhos eletrodomésticos até o panorama atual de certificação de edificações. O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal avaliar o nível de eficiência energética por meio dos Requisitos Técnicos da Qualidade do Nível de Eficiência Energética para Edifícios Comerciais, de Serviços e Públicos (RTQ-C/Procel) do Tribunal de Contas (TC), parte do patrimônio histórico do Estado do Paraná, localizado no Centro Cívico de Curitiba. TC é composto de dois edifícios construídos e um terceiro edifício em projeto: o Edifício Sede, o Edifício Anexo e a Ampliação do Edifício Anexo. No Edifício Sede, foram analisados indicadores de possível economia energética resultante da melhoria dos sistemas de iluminação (natural e artificial). Na ampliação do Edifício Anexo, avaliou-se a aplicabilidade do sistema de sombreamento de fachadas denominado tela tensionada. Comprovou-se que os edifícios existentes apresentam grande potencial de economia energética em sistemas de iluminação e que, ao se aprimorarem os dispositivos de sombreamento da fachada no projeto de ampliação do Edifício Anexo, podem ser alcançados maiores níveis de eficiência energética no quesito envoltória.

Revitalization Model of Medan City Based Home Shop as an Image-Forming Identity City

The Shophouse is a multi-story building that has multiple functions. The 1st floor is used as a commercial area, and the 2nd floor above is used as a residential place. Revitalization is an effort to revive an urban area through improving the quality of the environment, taking into accounts the socio- cultural aspects and characteristics of the region. The facade is the identity of the building itself by retaining elements and elements on the building façade. This research purposes of finding the dominant appearance of the elements of finding in the shophouse façade in the city of Medan, which is useful for the design revitalizing model of the face of the city as the image of the identity city. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive, with a variable observation phase with the collection of primary and secondary data through direct observation in the field, then analyzed the shop facade elements that have been Grouped and found the most dominant element. The result of the analysis of the dominant facade element found in the shop façade of Medan is China, Malay, and India. The findings of the dominant facade element can be the identity identifier of the region and city of Medan today.