Fabrication Of Cells Research Articles

Performance evaluation of 2D MoS2-based solar cells and realization of transparent ultra-thin devices

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is an alternate absorber layer in 2D solar cells owing to its potential of proficient sunlight harvesting. The optimum electrical and optical properties of MoS2 validate it as a suitable photovoltaic absorber material. This work investigates the performance of 2D (and multi-layer) MoS2-based vertically stacked solar cell by numerical simulation process using one dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS). Two device configurations based on Schottky junction (ITO/n-MoS2/Au) and pn junction (ITO/n-MoS2/p-MoS2/Au) have been theoretically analyzed. The feasibility of ultra-thin transparent solar cells is also demonstrated, which is motivating from a technological outlook. Initially, the properties of the active layers are optimized to give the highest performance. The findings are explained on the basis of band alignment between the electrodes and the different layers. The potential barrier developed at the interface of different materials governs the output of the cells. The calculations forecast the material properties, which need to be tuned to fabricate solar cells with enhanced efficiency. After optimization, the highest efficiency obtained for single n-MoS2-based solar cell is 10.22%, while for the pn junction solar cell it is 16.86%. The optimized cells exhibit high open circuit voltages of ∼1.2 V, which is an essential factor for commercial realization of solar cells. Lastly, the performance of transparent solar cells based on thin 2D MoS2 films has been predicted which showcases the efficiency in the range of 0.78%–4.36%. These homo-junction device investigations of solely MoS2 layer along with employment of a strict control on the defects during deposition and fabrication of MoS2-based solar cells can ensure better performance of the device. Thus, it can open ways to develop next generation feasible solar cells with higher power density as compared to existing technology.

Silicon Solar Cells: Trends, Manufacturing Challenges, and AI Perspectives

Photovoltaic (PV) installations have experienced significant growth in the past 20 years. During this period, the solar industry has witnessed technological advances, cost reductions, and increased awareness of renewable energy’s benefits. As more than 90% of the commercial solar cells in the market are made from silicon, in this work we will focus on silicon-based solar cells. As PV research is a very dynamic field, we believe that there is a need to present an overview of the status of silicon solar cell manufacturing (from feedstock production to ingot processing to solar cell fabrication), including recycling and the use of artificial intelligence. Therefore, this work introduces the silicon solar cell value chain with cost and sustainability aspects. It provides an overview of the main manufacturing techniques for silicon ingots, specifically Czochralski and directional solidification, with a focus on highlighting their key characteristics. We discuss the major challenges in silicon ingot production for solar applications, particularly optimizing production yield, reducing costs, and improving efficiency to meet the continued high demand for solar cells. We review solar cell technology developments in recent years and the new trends. We briefly discuss the recycling aspects, and finally, we present how digitalization and artificial intelligence can aid in solving some of the current PV industry challenges.

Unraveling the pivotal role of heterointerfaces on oxide ion transport in solid oxide fuel cells

Overcoming fundamental key issues affecting performance and stability has been recognized as the most important challenge for the commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Here, we employed a multipronged approach based on advanced nanoscale analyses coupled with electrochemical evaluation to elucidate the interrelation among ohmic resistance, oxide ion transport, and cation interdiffusion mainly occurring at the interlayer-electrolyte heterointerfaces. The presence of an interdiffusion layer (IDL), formed from the interdiffusion of Ce, Gd, and Zr during high-temperature sintering of conventional screen-printed gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) interlayer on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte, inadvertently acts as a major barrier to oxide ion transport and results in a significant increase of the ohmic resistance. An effective way to suppress the IDL formation and its oxide ion blocking effect is by alternatively fabricating the GDC interlayer using pulsed laser deposition (PLD), whereby dense layers prepared at a relatively lower deposition temperature without post-growth sintering can be obtained. Consequently, the cell's ohmic resistance is drastically lowered and a significant improvement in cell performance is achieved. These results have major implications for the selection and optimization of cell fabrication processes to mitigate degradation issues associated to heterointerfaces.

Theoretical investigation of triphenylamine/anthradithiophene based systems as potential organic hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells

Hole transport materials (HTMs) are important constituents in perovskite solar cell fabrication. In this work structure property relationship of five different HTMs based on triphenylamine/anthradithiophene systems are investigated using DFT method. The orientation of the attachment of the thiophene rings on the anthracene core of anthradithiophene system has significant effect on the electronic and optical properties of the HTMs. The results are compared with the well-known HTMs. The predicted hole mobility of the molecules are found to be similar order of magnitude as that of spiro-OMeTAD. Thus, these HTMs can be potential replacements for spiro-OMeTAD in perovskite solar cell applications.

Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cell Fabrication for Murine T Cell Expansion.

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells and macrophages, have a unique ability to survey the body and present information to T cells via peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complexes (signal 1). This presentation, along with a co-stimulatory signal (signal 2), leads to activation and subsequent expansion of T cells. This process can be harnessed and utilized for therapeutic applications, but the use of patient-derived APCs can be complex and inefficient. Alternatively, artificial APCs (aAPCs) provide a simplified method to achieve T cell activation by presenting the two necessary stimulatory signals. This protocol describes the utilization of magnetic nanoparticles and stimulatory proteins to create aAPCs that can be employed for activating and expanding antigen-specific T cells for both basic and translational immunology and immunotherapy studies. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Protein and particle modification for aAPC fabrication Basic Protocol 2: aAPC validation by immunolabeling of conjugated protein Support Protocol 1: Quantification of aAPC stock concentration Basic Protocol 3: Determination of aAPC usage for murine CD8+ T cell activation Support Protocol 2: Isolation of murine CD8+ T cells.

Boosted Electrocatalytic Glucose Oxidation Reaction on Noble-Metal-Free MoO3-Decorated Carbon Nanotubes

Electrocatalytic glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) has attracted much attention owing to its crucial role in biofuel cell fabrication. Herein, we load MoO3 nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and use a discharge process to prepare a noble-metal-free MC-60 catalyst containing MoO3, Mo2C, and a Mo2C–MoO3 interface. In the GOR, MC-60 shows activity as high as 745 µA/(mmol/L cm2), considerably higher than those of the Pt/CNT (270 µA/(mmol/L cm2)) and Au/CNT catalysts (110 µA/(mmol/L cm2)). In the GOR, the response minimum on MC-60 is as low as 8 µmol/L, with a steady-state response time of only 3 s. Moreover, MC-60 has superior stability and anti-interference ability to impurities in the GOR. The better performance of MC-60 in the GOR is attributed to the abundant Mo sites bonding to C and O atoms at the MoO3–Mo2C interface. These Mo sites create active sites for promoting glucose adsorption and oxidation, enhancing MC-60 performance in the GOR. Thus, these results help to fabricate more efficient noble-metal-free catalysts for the fabrication of glucose-based biofuel cells.Graphical abstract

Highly catalytic reduced graphene oxide decorated Cu2S counter electrode boosting quantum dot–sensitized solar cell performance

This paper shows the outcomes of making and planning quantum dot solar cells with cathode electrodes made from a nanocomposite of rGO and Cu2S. The hydrothermal method is used to make this stuff into a powder, which is then mixed with polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone to make a paste coating that is then printed onto an FTO substrate that is conductive. Cu2S, rGO, and rGO@Cu2S nanocomposite electrodes, with the initial mass of graphene oxide varying at 8 mg, 12 mg, and 16 mg. The composition and structure of the films were determined using EDX mapping, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR spectra, confirming that they were successfully fabricated. In addition, the results showed that the surface of the film is very porous, making it suitable for electrode fabrication. The results of measuring the PCE show that the efficiency has been effectively improved. The efficiency of the rGO counter electrodes is increased as compared to the Cu2S counter electrodes. The device has the highest efficiency of 5.665%, VOC = 0.48V, JSC = 22.776 mA cm−2, and FF = 0.518 for the 12 mg-rGO@Cu2S counter electrode. This result shows that the support of the graphene network helps the Cu2S nanoparticles be distributed more evenly when Cu2S material is directly coated on the FTO. Besides, the graphene network also helps to make the electrons transition to the polysulfide more flexible, which is proven through cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results.

Fluorination of Star‐Shaped Cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene Derivatives and Its Application as Hole‐Transporting Materials in Scalable Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication by Bar Coating

In this study, three novel star‐shaped small molecules HYC‐oF, HYC‐mF, and HYC‐H are designed and synthesized and are applied in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as efficient hole‐transporting materials (HTMs). Compared with non‐fluorinated HYC‐H, F‐substituted analogs HYC‐oF and HYC‐mF exhibited enhanced hole mobility, suitable energy level alignment, improved interfacial contact and hole extraction/transport capability, better passivation effect, as well as increased hydrophobicity. PSC fabrication by spin‐coating this series of HYC‐oF, HYC‐mF, and HYC‐H molecules on a bar‐coated perovskite layer yielded PCEs values of 19.64%, 18.38%, and 16.98%, respectively. In order to realize a fully scalable PSC preparation process, sequential coating of HYC‐oF layer on perovskite layer all by thermal‐assisted bar‐coating (TABC) method was carried out on 10 × 10 cm2 area. The TABC‐based HYC‐oF layer had a compact and uniform morphology with full surface coverage on the TABC‐based perovskite film. Under optimized condition, the PSCs fabricated from such film exhibited a PCE of 18.49% as compared with a lower power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.51% from the reference cell using TABC‐based spiro‐OMeTAD. This work demonstrates the potential of fluorinated star‐shaped cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene (CPDT)‐based molecule as HTM for achieving efficient PSC in both small and large scale.

Unveiling the mechanism of attaining high fill factor in silicon solar cells

AbstractA world record conversion efficiency of 26.81% has been achieved recently by LONGi team on a solar cell with industry‐grade silicon wafer (274 cm2, M6 size). An unparalleled high fill factor (FF) of up to 86.59% has also been certified in a separated device. The theoretical FF limit has been predicted to be 89.26%, while the practical FF is far below this limit for a prolonged interval due to the constraints of recombination (i.e., SRH recombination) and series resistance. The ideality factor (m) in the equivalent circuit of silicon solar cells is consistently ranging from 1 to 2 and rarely falls below 1, resulting in a relatively lower FF than 85%. Here, this work complements a systematic simulation study to demonstrate how to approach the FF limit in design of silicon solar cells. Firstly, a diode component with an ideality factor equal to 2/3 corresponding to Auger recombination is incorporated in the equivalent circuit for LONGi ultra‐high FF solar cell; Secondly, an advanced equivalent circuit is put forward for comprehensive analysis of bulk recombination and surface recombination on the performance, in which specific ideality factors are directly correlated with various recombination mechanisms exhibiting explicit reverse saturation current density (J0). Finally, we evaluate precisely the route for approaching theoretical FF in practical solar cell fabrication based on electrical design parameters using the developed model.

Fabrication of bulk heterojunction solar cells by a modified spray-mist coating method

The modified spray-mist coating method, which can fabricate thin films for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) by using ultrasonic deposition technique, is applied. This new method has a distinguishable merit, which enable us to roll-to-roll and pattern targeted aperture area. However, the modified spray-mist coated layer also has morphology with defects such as loosely linked droplets and pin-holes, like spray coating. Herein, we examined the basic characteristics of the modified spray-mist coating method as fine channel mist spray deposition and improved a method to maximize the OPV performance by thermal and additional solvent annealing.

Fabrication of efficient natural dye-sensitized Solar Cells using Mediterranean olive leaves as natural dye sensitizer

The synthesis of synthetic dyes employed in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is often associated with substantial costs and environmental concerns. As a result, there is growing interest in utilizing natural dyes as sensitizers for DSSCs. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the extraction of natural dyes from Mediterranean olive leaves using a methanol-based solution, with a particular focus on the impact of different drying times during the dye extraction process on the efficiency of fabricated solar cells. The extracted olive leaf dyes were systematically characterized, encompassing their optical properties analyzed through ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, electrochemical behavior, photovoltaic performance, crystallographic and morphological structures, as well as elemental composition. The research findings unveiled distinctive attributes of the olive leaf dyes, attributable to variations in their charge transfer processes to the band edge of the TiO2 semiconductor. These outcomes were substantiated through comprehensive analyses involving UV–Vis, FTIR, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Notably, the olive leaf dye subjected to a longer drying time (referred to as OLDS1) exhibited an energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) closer to that of the conduction band of TiO2, facilitating efficient electron transfer. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed alterations in elemental composition upon dye adsorption onto the TiO2 surface, with a notable reduction in the intensities of the Ti 2p and O 1 s peaks. The OLDS1 dye demonstrated lower charge transfer resistance and recombination rates compared to the shorter drying time for both fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-based natural DSSCs (NDSSCs). Importantly, the choice of substrate material, specifically FTO and ITO, significantly influenced the NDSSC performance. The FTO/TiO2/OLDS1 configuration exhibited remarkable characteristics, including a high fill factor (FF) of approximately 0.73 and an efficiency of 0.31 %, accompanied by a short-circuit current density of 0.662 mA/cm2 and an open-circuit voltage of 0.642 V. These results highlight the crucial role of drying time and substrate selection in the fabrication of NDSSCs utilizing Mediterranean olive leaf extracts, with the FTO/TiO2/OLDS1 configuration emerging as the most promising and efficient combination.

Synthesis of novel Cu/Fe based benzene Dicarboxylate (BDC) metal organic frameworks and investigations into their optical and electrochemical properties

In the recent past Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based thin films have demonstrated superior performance in various technological applications such as optical and optoelectronic devices, electrochemical energy storage, catalysis, and sensing. Herein we report tuning the optical performance of stable complexes using Cu and Fe metal ions with carboxylate benzene dicarboxylic (BDC), leading toward the formation of novel MOF structures. The formation of Cu-BDC and Fe-BDC were confirmed by XRD and SEM studies. The thermal stability of two MOFs was investigated, indicating that, the Cu-BDC is more stable than Fe-BDC. Further, the optical properties were investigated in the wavelength range 325–1100 nm, and the Fe-BDC exhibited greater optical transmission properties than Cu-BDC by 33 %, as investigated by Wemple-DiDomenico and Tauc models. The dispersion parameters related to optical studies for Cu-BDC were better in comparison to Fe-BDC, which could be attributed to the increase in Cu valence electrons due to an increase in the number of cations. The electrochemical behavior in terms of CV measurements shows the presence of pseudo capacitance in both Fe-BDC and Cu-BDC MOFs. The improved CV performance of Cu-BDC MOF suggests that it could be used as a storage material. This work successfully demonstrates the tailoring of optical properties related to MOF thin films through the formation of stable complexes using BDC as a potential material for the fabrication of OLED's and Solar cells. The improved CV performance suggests that these MOF based materials could be used as anodes in fabrication of batteries or supercapacitors.

Synergistic Effect of Alkylammonium Chlorides to Trigger an Ultrafast Nucleation for Antisolvent‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells Processed from 2‐Methoxyethanol

Abstract2‐Methoxyethanol (2ME), as a more environmentally friendly solvent with a lower boiling point compared to dimethylformamide, is ideal for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, when 2ME is used for antisolvent‐free deposition of perovskite films, an uncontrolled nucleation process and an easy phase transition to the δ‐phase often occur. Herein, an ultrafast nucleation process is developed using methylamine chloride (MACl) and n‐butylammonium chloride (BACl) as dual additives in 2ME without further solvent addition. While MACl can rapidly induce MACl‐based nuclei to initiate the nucleation process for formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3), the addition of BACl to the precursor with MACl can further increase the nucleation rate and density of nuclei, and bypass the transition from δ‐ to α‐phase during crystal growth to obtain a highly crystalline and pinhole‐free perovskite film. As a result, the FAPbI3 PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.6%. This work provides a new inspiration for controlling the crystal quality of perovskite thin films via nucleation rate suitable for upscaling.

Rationally Designed Conversion‐Type Lithium Metal Protective Layer for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries

AbstractA stable interfacial design bridging Li metal and sulfide solid electrolytes is imperative for deploying practical all‐solid‐state Li metal batteries. Despite the extensive exploration of interlayer materials, including inorganic substances, lithiophilic metals, and their composites, a comprehensive understanding of their stability and chemo‐mechanical evolution, particularly those influenced by cell fabrication processes, remains unexplored. Herein, it is meticulously investigate the formation and evolution of LiF, Mg, and conversion‐type multicomponent MgF2 ultrathin interlayers, each fabricated via thermal evaporation deposition. Unexpectedly, LiF and Mg fail to enhance cell performance, with LiF notably susceptible to external pressures during cell fabrication, leading to serious current constriction, while Mg deposition results in the formation of a Li‐rich solid solution. Remarkably, the MgF2 coatings demonstrate substantially superior performance in both Li|Li6PS5Cl|Li symmetric cells (up to 2000 h) and LiNi0.70Co0.15Mn0.15O2|Li6PS5Cl|Li full‐cells (82% capacity retention after 800 cycles) at 30 °C. These results are attributed to the in‐situ formation of LiF and LixMg nanograins through a conversion reaction, which, after repeated cycling, maintains stability and a fixed position at the interface while ensuring uniform interfacial Li+ flux. Supported by comprehensive analyses, these findings highlight the pivotal role of conversion‐type interlayers in mitigating side reactions and preventing Li penetration.

Annealing Time Dependence in the Fabrication of Bismuth-based Perovskite Solar Cells (Bi-PeSCs) by the Hot Immersion Method

Lead-free perovskite solar cells have attracted attention as an environmentally friendly future energy source. However, their performance is still low at present due to the poor morphology of the film and the complicated process of fabrication. The annealing period, as a key parameter, has been identified to control the morphology of MA3Bi2I9 (MBI) perovskite film fabricated by the Hot Immersion Method (HIM) with the annealing period varying between 5 to 25 minutes. SEM images visually depicted that a longer period of annealing induced perovskite film to form a larger crystallite size with a compact film, resulting in a rougher surface. The MBI films fabricated at 25 minutes showed a high crystallinity of films and exhibited a high absorption with a longer absorption wavelength and a narrow bandgap, leading to enhanced solar cell performance. By optimizing the annealing time, the efficiency of the device has been enhanced almost eight times compared to a shorter period of annealing. Our findings suggest that the compact MBI films can be obtained by using this simple method (HIM), and yet the performance of solar cell devices can be achieved, thus providing another alternative way to fabricate MBI-based perovskite solar cells (PeSC’s) in the future.

Green Anisole as Antisolvent in Planar Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells with Varying Cesium Concentrations.

The feasibility of replacing toxic chlorobenzene antisolvents with environmentally friendly anisole in the fabrication of planar triple-cation perovskite solar cells was explored here. The successful integration of anisole not only ensures comparable device performance but also contributes to the development of more sustainable and green fabrication processes for next-generation photovoltaic technologies. Nevertheless, to ensure the possibility of achieving well-functioning unencapsulated devices whose working operation depends on outdoor atmospheric conditions, we found that adjusting the cesium concentrations in the perovskite layers enabled the electrical characterization of efficient devices even under high relative humidity conditions (more than 40%). We found that 10% of CsI in the precursor solution will make devices with low hysteresis indexes and sustained performance stability over a 90-day period both with cholorobenzene and anisole antisolvent. These results further confirm that green anisole can replace chlorobenzene as an antisolvent.

Chemically processed CdTe thin films for potential applications in solar cells – Effect of Cu doping

Thin films of cadmium telluride (CdTe) have attained the attention of researchers due to the potential application in solar cells. However, cost-effective fabrication of solar cells based on thin films along with remarkable efficiency and control over optical properties is still a challenging task. This study presents an analysis of the structural, optical and electrical properties of undoped and Cu-doped CdTe thin films fabricated on ITO coated glass substrates using an electrodeposition process with a focus on practical applications. Electrolytes of cadmium (Cd), tellurium (Te) and copper (Cu) are prepared with a low molarity of 0.1 M. Thin films are deposited by keeping current density in the range of 0.12–0.3 mA/cm2. Copper doping is varied (2-10 wt%) for the optimized sample. X-ray diffraction crystallography indicates that both undoped CdTe and Cu-doped CdTe films crystallize into a dominant hexagonal lattice. Direct energy band gap is observed for both undoped and doped conditions. The study revealed a drop in the optical band gap energy to ∼1.46 eV with the increase in doping (Cu) concentration from 2 to 10 wt%. Increase in mobility and conductivity is observed with the increase in current density of the deposited undoped CdTe thin films. Whereas, Cu doping of 6 wt% produced thin films with acceptable mobility and conductivity for the doped samples. Furthermore, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy unveiled a multitude of emission peaks encompassing the visible spectrum, arising from the combination of electrons and holes through both direct and indirect recombination processes. Findings of this study suggest that chemically produced CdTe thin films would be suitable for use as low-cost applications pertaining to solar cells.

Review of electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 on carbon supported films

Carbon capture and conversion are becoming increasingly important as atmospheric CO2 concentrations rise and their adverse effects become increasingly evident. CO2 conversion/utilization-related research has gained renewed interest on a variety of platforms, including thermal, solar, biological, photochemical, and electrochemical conversions. Electrochemical routes, using suitable catalysts, are potentially suitable for commercial purposes owing to ease of integration with solvent-based carbon capture processes. This paper summarizes and evaluates the studies conducted within the past decade regarding the feasibility of carbon-based supports utilized in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction. CO2 conversion has been reviewed in a number of reports, focusing on specific sections, such as metallic/bimetallic catalysts, CO2 solubility, and the fabrication of electrodes and electrochemical cells. The number of publications addressing various carbon-based electrocatalysts is increasing, but these materials have not yet been reviewed. Herein, we are focused on three types of electrocatalyst materials: metals, metal-oxides, non-oxides, and combinations thereof with carbon. The scope of this study includes the following: i) carbon-based materials and how they are characterized by distinctive properties, ii) electrocatalytic CO2 conversion techniques, and iii) research cases for carbon allotrope-supported composites used in CO2 reduction. The advancement in analytical tools that provide insight into liquid-phase reactions will benefit the development of catalysts and electrodes that will be effective in converting CO2 into the desired products. Such developments will also be applicable to other systems involving liquid electrolytes or solvents for performing reactions on catalyst surfaces.

Donor–acceptor mutually diluted heterojunctions for layer-by-layer fabrication of high-performance organic solar cells

Donor–acceptor mutually diluted heterojunctions for layer-by-layer fabrication of high-performance organic solar cells

Pressure-induced investigation of structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of BaCeO3

The exploration of the hydrostatic pressure effect on the characteristics of materials is essential for various applications. Our study uses Density Functional Theory (DFT) to investigate the pressure-induced influence on the structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of BaCeO3. According to formation enthalpy and Born stability criteria, BaCeO3 is mechanically and thermodynamically stable from 0 GPa to 80 GPa. The tunable band gap of BaCeO3 within the visible spectrum under applied pressure makes it a potential candidate for absorber layer fabrication of solar cells. The electronic state, mainly attributed to O-2p in the valence band (VB) and Ce-4f in the conduction band (CB), is observed through Partial Density of States (PDOS), although its intensity varies with pressure. The refractive index shows that pressurized BaCeO3 is appropriate for photonics. Its significant absorption at high energy under pressure makes it an excellent candidate for Ultraviolet (UV) detectors, and it also has low light reflection, with static values routinely less than 0.2. Additionally, as pressure increases, elastic constants, elastic moduli, ductility, machinability index, and anisotropy all increase, except for hardness, which decreases. BaCeO3 is approaching to minimal bond stretching with pressure according to Kleinman parameter. These pressure-induced changes in mechanical properties have potential applications in flexible electronics, structural uses, and more.