Eye Specialists Research Articles

Neurobehavioral effects of power-frequency electromagnetic fields: N. Paneth, Environmental Health Perspectives Supplements, 101 (Suppl. 4)

To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and risk factors among young and middle-aged Japanese office workers using visual display terminals (VDTs).Cross-sectional prevalence survey.Four thousand three hundred ninety-three Japanese young and middle-aged office workers using VDTs.Office workers completed questionnaires sent by e-mail designed to detect dry eye diagnosis and risk factors.Clinically diagnosed DED was defined as the presence of a previous clinical diagnosis of DED by dry eye specialists or severe symptoms of DED (both dryness and irritation constantly or often). Current symptoms of DED and possible risk factors such as age, duration of VDT use, type of VDT work, environmental factors, presence of systemic diseases, systemic medicine use, smoking history, and contact lens (CL) use were the main outcome measures. We used logistic regression to examine associations between DED and other demographic factors.Of the 4393 office workers, 3549 (80.1%) completed the questionnaire. Clinically diagnosed DED was present in 266 (10.1%) of 2640 male subjects and in 195 (21.5%) of 909 female subjects. Severe symptoms of DED were observed in 711 male and in 436 female participants. More than 4 hours of VDT use was associated with an increased risk of DED (odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40–2.02). In addition, CL use (OR, 3.91; 95% CI, 3.37–4.53) increased the risk of severe dry eye symptoms.Dry eye disease leading to a clinical diagnosis or severe symptoms is prevalent among young and middle-aged Japanese office workers. The condition is more prevalent among females, CL wearers, and prolonged VDT users. Relevant measures directed against the modifiable risks could provide a positive impact on public health and quality of life of office workers.The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

Diabetic retinopathy and metabolic control.

Retinopathy is probably the first long-term complication of diabetes mellitus to become clinically evident, possibly because the retina is the only microvascular bed that can be observed directly and repeatedly. This makes it a good model for studying the pathogenesis and natural history of diabetic microangiopathy. Most of the proposals to account for its pathogenesis invoke mechanisms that depend directly on the circulating and tissue levels of glucose: protein glycosylation, activation of the "polyol pathway", abnormalities of vascular endothelium, altered capillary blood flow. Several population studies and clinical trials suggest that the degree of metabolic control maintained over the years influences the rates of appearance and progression of retinopathy. However, on an individual basis, factors independent of control may intervene, making some patients more or less prone to this complication. Animal models also suggest that the progression of retinopathy may become irreversible from its very early stages. From a clinical point of view, it is difficult to establish a satisfactory definition of "good" control and approaching it may increase the risk of dangerous hypoglycemia and weight gain. Diabetes and eye specialists are thus left to strive for the best possible, sensible, metabolic control but must also rely on early diagnosis and treatment for the sight-threatening complications of diabetes.

Leonardo and the eye.

It is curious that the many facets of Leonardo’s Notebooks that have been studied have excluded what he had to say about the eye. True, Keele (1980), in his monumental work on the artist’s anatomical drawings kept at Windsor, deals with some ophthalmic points. But, understandably, he has not sought out what might be of interest to eye and vision specialists, and so missed information that sheds light not only on Leonardo’s own eyes, but also on aspects of his painting which may be of interest to historians of art.

Eye manifestations in polycythemia.

To the Editor.— Reading the important article by Drs. Edwards and Cooley about initial manifestations of polycythemia vera ( 214: 1463, 1970), I recalled experiences from my more than half a century of ophthalmologic research and practice. There are rare patients with therapy-resistant bilateral conjunctivitis of long duration. There is no discharge, no pain, but constant deep redness of both bulbi without preference to the pericorneal or to the equatorial area. Conjunctival and episcleral vessels are engorged and epinephrine instillations may somewhat reduce the redness for short periods. These patients see eye specialists and use prescriptions of eye drops without success. The condition is easily recognized in good daylight but missed in the darkroom with focal illumination. The unfortunate trend to screen out daylight in ophthalmologic offices contributes to the oversight of this early sign of polycythemia. These patients should benefit from early recognition and proper diagnosis before more serious symptoms

The Eye in General Practice

The Eye in General Practice is a short homespun book admittedly written for the general practitioners and not for the eye specialists. Most of the common eye diseases are discussed rather completely, with emphasis on the important features of each problem. The background pathology and pathophysiology of certain diseases are described along with the pertinent signs and symptoms. This book is considered adequate for most general practitioners and should provide most of the information that would confront or be of concern to these physicians.

FLUORIDE IN OTOSCLEROSIS

To the Editor: I was interested in your article in the September 1964Archives of Otolaryngologyconcerning the administration of fluoride in otosclerosis. I wonder whether you are familiar with the article by Geall and Beilin in the British Medical Journal , Aug 8, p 355, Sodium Fluoride and Optic Neuritis and the editorial in which the Journal's editor warns against this type of treatment. These authors stated that they were not aware of previous reports of ocular damage in man due to fluoride. I have reported on such cases. One 1 exhibited cerebral macular retinopathy, the other 2 incipient degenerative changes in the retina. In both cases the diagnosis was confirmed by competent eye specialists. The condition was accompanied by other manifestations of chronic fluoride intoxication, namely chronic gastroenteritis, arthritis in the lumbar spine, and evidence of brain damage. The illness was reversible upon elimination of fluoridated water and recurred

Point Pleasant Did Something about Reading!

eye specialists of the county for the necessary corrections. Intelligence tests were given to determine the individual's mental ability, and the administration of reading achievement tests revealed the reading-grade level of each child in Grade III through VIII. For instructional purposes each of these grades was divided into three groups: above-average, average, and below-average reading levels. In addition to the daily reading programs in their respective classrooms, each group received special clinical instruction weekly. Group meetings were held over a period of several weeks for teachers from Grade I through high school. At these meetings the theory of reading, from the initial approach through the developmental stage, was presented, and an explanation was made of the function and the anomalies of the eyes and their relation to reading. Practical suggestions for classroom procedures and the importance of leisure reading were discussed, and references to materials for further professional study were provided. A room in the elementary-school building was adequately equipped as a clinic for both diagnosis and instruction. Shelves were built and stocked with a variety of instructional materials. A flashmeter, with supplies for making slides, was purchased to teach quick perception, a greater span of recognition, and speed in reading. The Betts telebinocular was provided for the purpose of ascertaining whether a pupil could see sufficiently well to read without difficulty. When the eyes of all pupils had been tested, the eye specialists of the county were invited to a conference at which the purposes 562

Selective Service Examinations

HomeRadiologyVol. 35, No. 6 PreviousNext Bulletin of the Inter-Society Committee for RadiologySelective Service ExaminationsPublished Online:Dec 1 1940https://doi.org/10.1148/35.6.743bMoreSectionsPDF ToolsImage ViewerAdd to favoritesCiteTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked In AbstractThe following bulletins were sent by the American College of Radiology to its list of State representatives and the secretaries of regional radiological societies last month. They are published herewith for the information of all radiologists.Selective Service Examinations (Oct. 29,1940).—This bulletin is to advise you concerning procedures adopted for the examination for physical qualifications of registrants under the Selective Service Act. Some details in this procedure have not yet been completed and, as a consequence, the information contained herein may be supplemented or revised in future bulletins. Vincent W. Archer, M.D., Chairman of the Board of Chancellors, has authorized this office to disseminate all pertinent information of special interest to radiologists in connection with Selective Service as subsequent regulations are adopted.The basic responsibility of determination as to physical qualifications of registrants will rest on local draft boards in some 6,500 communities. Local boards under Selective Service Regulations have original jurisdiction with respect to physical qualifications of registrants, subject to appeal. Each local board will have one or more examining physicians who will examine all registrants sent to them by the local board. Standards of physical examinations will be furnished them. It is estimated that there will be about 90 men per local board requiring physical examination. Examining physicians will be appointed by the President upon recommendation of the Governors of the respective States. They will serve without pay.Provision has been made to furnish the supplies required in physical examinations and to pay on a cost basis for those procedures necessary for the determination of a draftee's physical fitness, such as laboratory or x-ray examinations. A subcommittee of the Committee on Medical Preparedness has been appointed to establish a schedule of charges on the basis of which pathologists, radiologists, and other special examiners will be reimbursed for the costs incurred in making examinations referred to them. This schedule has not yet been completed.As provided in the Selective Service Act (Section VII-146), Medical Advisory Boards “shall be appointed by the Governor of each State to assist local boards in determining the physical qualifications of registrants. The Board shall, if practicable, consist of internists; eye, ear, nose, and throat specialists; orthopedists; surgeons; psychiatrists; clinical pathologists; radiographers, and dentists. In the event that a Medical Advisory Board cannot be made available to a local board, the Governor shall appoint individual specialists who shall act as a Medical Advisory Board.”The chairman of each Medical Advisory Board shall authorize such special examinations and laboratory tests as he may deem necessary and shall cause to be forwarded to the State Procurement officer for payment the bill for such examinations (Section VII-529).Article HistoryPublished in print: Dec 1940 FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRecommended Articles RSNA Education Exhibits RSNA Case Collection Vol. 35, No. 6 Metrics Altmetric Score PDF download

A Child's Graded Reading Book for Eye Specialists.

Oculists frequently are consulted concerning the school difficulties of a backward child or the preparation of a normal child for the task of learning to read and to enter school work. Visual recognition of picture forms, symbol (letter) forms and word forms enter (among other factors) into the situation, and the child's ability to recognize and respond to these forms should be tested. The authors have prepared a series of graded plates involving visual recognition, interpretation and comprehension of material in each of these form classes and have bound them together into a useful little booklet. While it by no means furnishes a complete analysis of the child's visual functions and comprehension, it is simple and appears to be a careful and well arranged piece of work which has a definite and valuable place in such tests. It does not pretend to be more than it

CORRECTION OF HUMP OR SADDLE BRIDGE NOSE: SIMPLIFIED METHOD

The method that I report is, I believe, an original surgical procedure for the correction of hump and saddle bridge noses and of some other nasal deformities. It is one which I have practiced for the last six years. I described its technic first while on the board the S. S.<i>Rotterdam</i>on June 29, 1922, to Dr. George W. Mackenzie, of Philadelphia, and a group of eye, ear, nose and throat specialists which he conducted to Vienna for a course of study. On July 18, 1924, I again described the operative procedure at a meeting of the Venango County Medical Society of Pennsylvania. I outline this operation because of its facility and safety, for the greatest deterrent to the correction of external nasal deformities is the difficulty of reaching the field without causing infection or scar formation. The removal of the enlargement in hump nose, or the

THE OTOLARYNGOLOGIST IN THE SCIENCE AND ART OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY

It can be truthfully said that this is the greatest year in the history of medicine and surgery, especially in the branch of otolaryngology and, as has been said by others, it is conceded everywhere that the eye, ear, nose and throat specialists have attained the rank of a major branch of medicine and surgery. When one compares the meager, almost barren specialty of twenty-five years ago in this subject, with the wonderful advances of the present day, one is amazed at the development a quarter of a century has brought forth. Its scope and dimension have enormously enlarged and become a powerful and far reaching organization. For years we have believed that the Mekka of medical learning and training was to be found principally in Europe or in the eastern part of our country; but the war has proved that in every department of life this, our own country,

CONGRESS OF EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT SPECIALISTS

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 2, Issue 25 p. 525-525 Correspondence CONGRESS OF EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT SPECIALISTS First published: 01 December 1918 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1918.tb29539.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume2, Issue25December 1918Pages 525-525 RelatedInformation

The red book of eye, ear, nose and throat specialists. Pp. 320. Publisher, lionel topaz, chicago, 1915. Price, $3.00

The red book of eye, ear, nose and throat specialists. Pp. 320. Publisher, lionel topaz, chicago, 1915. Price, $3.00

OPERATING-TABLE FOR RHINOLOGISTS

I have long felt the need of a surgical table which would be more convenient and adaptable than the ordinary operating-table, which is at best an awkward piece of furniture for eye, ear, nose and throat specialists. Such long and tedious operations as submueous resections of the septum on the ordinary operating-table are very tiresome to the surgeon. He is compelled to stoop and to lean over the edge of a wide table. To overcome this difficulty I have devised the table shown in the illustrations, a description of which is as follows: height 33½ inches, length 70 inches, width of top 20 inches. As will be noted in the illustrations, the framework of the table and the portion of the top coming in contact with the patient's back are hollowed out on each side to permit the surgeon to take a position more directly in front of the field of