Elucidation of wet aged beef flavor and tenderness phenotypes via untargeted metabolomics.

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) can occur in patients who have endured long-term diabetes. Treatment and diagnosis delays may lead to visual impairment. The main cause of diabetic patients’ DR is hyperglycemia. The blood vessels in the retina are affected by this. Manual diagnosis of diabetic retinal disease (DR) can be difficult because the disorder can modify the retina and result in structural alterations such as Microaneurysms (MAs), Hemorrhages (HMs), Exudates (EXs), and further blood vessel development. This research demonstrates utilizing a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) method to automatically identify and categorize DR in fundus images of the eye. Pre-processing is the initial phase. To achieve picture pre-processing, two processes are involved: (a) normalization and (b) gradient-based image contrast enhancement. Next, a U-Net Haar-like network is used to segment the preprocessed pictures. Ultimately, a novel hybrid classifier, termed Cap-MobileNet, combining Capsule Network and MobileNet V2, is proposed for multi-stage categorization of diabetic retinopathy. The proposed approach locates the afflicted lesions on the retinal surface and classifies DR images into five stages: no DR, mild DR, moderate DR, severe DR, and proliferative DR. Two datasets, APTOS and EyePACS, were used to test the proposed approach. The effectiveness of the system is assessed using a variety of measures, and the findings are contrasted with a few well-liked, cutting-edge, and recently developed models. The recommended approach greatly enhances the performance of fundus image DR detection. The prescribed improved strategy for multi-stage classification produced the best results, with 99.48% accuracy on the APTOS dataset and 99.16% accuracy on the EyePACS dataset. The proposed AI classification methodology holds the potential to provide a mass-screening platform for clinical deployment and telemedicine, as it is relevant and easily expandable to different ocular illnesses.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a progressive microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and remains one of the leading causes of visual impairment globally. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent irreversible vision loss, particularly during the asymptomatic stages of the disease. Traditional imaging techniques are limited in their ability to provide a complete picture of both structural and vascular abnormalities in the retina. Objective: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic efficacy of Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA), and to assess the added value of a superimposed image technique in detecting early-stage diabetic retinopathy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 100 diabetic patients presenting with suspected early-stage DR at Xi’an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital. All participants underwent SLO and OCTA imaging using standardized protocols. OCTA was employed to detect microvascular abnormalities such as capillary non-perfusion and neovascularization, while SLO identified structural lesions including hemorrhages and exudates. A digital image registration software was used to create superimposed images. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests, referencing clinical fundus examination and fluorescein angiography (FA) findings. Results: Superimposed imaging demonstrated higher total lesion detection (mean = 10.2 ± 3.9) compared to SLO alone (8.58 ± 4.27) and OCTA alone (2.00 ± 0.82) (p < 0.01). SLO showed superior detection for hemorrhages (HE) and exudates (EX), while OCTA had greater sensitivity for IRMA and NV lesions. The superimposed technique significantly enhanced lesion localization and diagnostic precision across all lesion types. Conclusion: The integration of SLO and OCTA through superimposed imaging improves diagnostic accuracy for early-stage diabetic retinopathy, supporting more effective clinical decision-making and timely intervention.

Background: Wound dehiscence is wound edges separation due to disrupted wound healing. Wound dehiscence is a complication in 8% of dermatologic surgeries. In this case, secondary infection of the wound occurred, 1% framycetin sulphate tulle was then chosen to interfere microbial protein synthesis, combined with ozonated oil as adjuvant therapy. Ozone oxidizes bacterial phospholipids and lipoproteins, promotes local tissue metabolism, stimulates fibroblast proliferation, facilitates collagen fiber formation, and supports angiogenesis. This case report described a post-excisional biopsy dehisced wound that was treated with 1% framycetin sulphate tulle and ozonated oil, and this case is the first to report a successful management of post-excisional biopsy dehisced wound with ozonated oil as adjuvant. Case Presentation: An 11-year-old female was brought with a purulent wound on her head post-excisional biopsy. Examination of the parietal region showed a solitary ulcer, 1 cm in diameter, irregular edge, granulated tissue base, serous exudate, crusting, edema, and pus. Treatment was 0.9% NaCl compress, 1% framycetin sulphate tulle, and ozonated oil once weekly. Evaluation on day 21 showed ulcer size reduction and on day 28, ulcer turned into a scar, treatment was continued with mometasone 0.1% cream. Day 86 showed secondary cicatricial alopecia. Complications of a wound in hair-bearing area can occur, in this case, secondary cicatricial alopecia.Conclusion: This paper highlights the utilization of ozonated oil as an adjuvant therapy for a favorable outcome in wound healing.

Macular telangiectasia type 1 (MacTel1) is a rare condition characterized by multiple parafoveal microaneurysms, which leads to local nonperfusion, capillary ischemia, lipid and serous exudation which cause cystoid macular edema. Microaneurysms are detected by fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography-angiography. MacTel1 is relatively resistant to antiangiogenic therapy. Focal laser photocoagulation of microaneurysms is a pathogenetically substantiated treatment method. The use of navigation approach with topography-based planning allows increasing precision, safety and efficacy of laser effect. Clinical case. A 75-year-old patient with MacTel1, associated with a cystoid macular edema 702 µm. Treatment included intravitreal antiangiogenic therapy with consequent navigation targeted laser photocoagulation of microaneurysms. The best-corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness were examined. After the combined treatment, best-corrected visual acuity increased from 0.3 to 0.9. OCT showed central retinal thickness reduction to 395 µm (∆307 µm). Fluorescein angiography showed decrease in the number and size of the microaneurysms, in the number of observed leakage points, in the intensity of the dye leakage. In the presented clinical case of MacTel1, the staged treatment approach including intravitreal antiangiogenic therapy with consequent navigation targeted laser photocoagulation of microaneurysms showed its effectiveness in reducing cystoid macular edema height and in improving visual functions.

Diabetic foot ulcers and diabetic ulcers are some of the consequences that diabetic patients often face. This study aimed to determine wound care using primary dressings on the feet of diabetic patients with tissue integrity problems. The method used in this study was a case study. This study utilized the intervention of treating diabetic foot ulcers of Mrs. J with primary dressings at the ETN Center Makassar Wound Care Home. This study was conducted with one respondent. After the diagnosis was established, the possible nursing intervention was to provide a primary dressing on the wound. After weekly patient wound care, I could see the changes. The visible changes were: The appearance of the scar will differ between the first and second visits. On the first visit, the wound looked like a thin serous exudate: 20%, epithelialized or pink: 70%. However, on the second visit, the wound looked like a thin serous exudate: 15%, epithelialized or pink: 85%. Based on the primary dressing wound care carried out, it can be concluded that primary epithelial cream wound care is effective in healing diabetic ulcers.

The manifestation of the pathogenetic mechanisms of bronchopneumonia depends on the penetration of pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic microorganisms into the alveoli and bronchi. With the development of the clinical picture of bronchopneumonia in calves, the concentration of erythrocytes and hemoglobin decreases from the morphological indicators, but the content of leukocytes increases and the ESR rate accelerates. Neutrophilia with a regenerative shift to the left is observed in the leukocyte formula, and a significant number of juvenile and rod-shaped neutrophils appear. At the beginning of the inflammatory reaction, eosinophils are activated. There is a decrease in lymphocytes among agranulocytes, which is probably due to their participation in cellular and humoral immunity. A significant decrease in total protein in the blood serum indicates the development of hypoproteinemia, an increase in urea levels confirms the opinion about increased excretion of the final product of protein metabolism. A decrease in the concentration of glucose and cholesterol in the blood of sick calves indicates a shortage of energy resources. A decrease in carotene content by 3 and 5 times in a comparative aspect with healthy calves, signals the problem of vitamin A synthesis in the liver. The clinical manifestation of bronchopneumonia in sick calves was manifested in an acute form. Subfebrile temperature, increased pulse rate and respiratory movements were recorded in sick young animals. Viscous serous catarrhal exudate was secreted from the nasal openings. Auscultation revealed a dry, painful cough, mixed shortness of breath. The use of complex therapy of calves with bronchopneumonia contributed to the recovery of young animals of the control group only by the 12th day of treatment. The inclusion of an antimicrobial drug, an active immunostimulator and a stabilizer of metabolic processes in the treatment regimen of the experimental group contributed to the complete recovery of young animals by the 10th day of course therapy. The use of complex therapy in the experimental group is economically advantageous, since 2.6 rubles of profit account for 1 rub of costs.

Leukocytes detect distant wounds within seconds to minutes, which is essential for effective pathogen defense, tissue healing, and regeneration. Blood vessels must detect distant wounds just as rapidly to initiate local leukocyte extravasation, but the mechanism behind this immediate vascular response remains unclear. Using high-speed imaging of live zebrafish larvae, we investigated how blood vessels achieve rapid wound detection. We monitored two hallmark vascular responses: vessel dilation and serum exudation. Our experiments-including genetic, pharmacologic, and osmotic perturbations, along with chemogenetic leukocyte depletion-revealed that the cPla2 nuclear shape sensing pathway in perivascular macrophages converts a fast (~50 μm/s) osmotic wound signal into a vessel-permeabilizing, 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5a) derived lipid within seconds of injury. These findings demonstrate that perivascular macrophages act as physicochemical relays, bridging osmotic wound signals and vascular responses. By uncovering this novel type of communication, we provide new insights into the coordination of immune and vascular responses to injury.

Wounds that are difficult to heal are those associated with diseases such as DM, SAH, leprosy, neoplasm, neurological and vascular problems, and others. Special dressings are suitable for the treatment of these injuries and, therefore, appropriate care is recommended. This research aims to: evaluate the relationship between the evolution of the healing process and the use of special dressings. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative and exploratory field research conducted in a clinic that specializes in wound prevention and treatment. The study included adults aged 60 to 70 years (50%), with lower limb injury (91.7%) over 1 year (58.3%), pathogenic history of Diabetes Mellitus and Systemic Arterial Hypertension (58.3%). %), adequate nutrition (91.7%), move independently (66.7%), diabetic foot and chronic wound (58.3%), deep wound involvement (83.3%), injured tissue granulated (75%), wounds with exudates and fibrosis (58.3%), moderate (50%) and mild (50%) pain, wound skin / edema (66.7%), macerated (91, 7%) and desquamative (66.7%). The lesions contain serous (41.7%), turbid (41.7%) and moderate (66.7%) exudates and characteristic odor (58.3%). The treatment is done with calcium alginate (66.7%), dressing up to 2 days (58.3%), with evolution in its entirety (100%). In view of the above, it is necessary to use these types of special covers to treat chronic injuries, but also the importance of comprehensive patient care, including the means of prevention, monitoring and treatment of existing co morbidities in order to obtain expected results.

Diabetes is a common disease that affects different vital organs of the human body, including the eyes. In diabetic patients, a change in blood sugar level leads to eye problems. Around 80% of the patients who have diabetes for more than 10 years have severe eye-related pathological disorders such as retinopathy and maculopathy. Proper detection, diagnosis, and treatment of eye-related pathologies prevent damage to the eye during the earliest stages of diabetic disease—the developed stage findings in patients losing their vision. The retinal damage due to diabetes is termed Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). The treatment of DR involves detecting the presence of the disease in the form of microaneurysms (MA), hemorrhages (HE), and exudates (EX) in the retinal area. The process of segmenting a massive segment of Retinal Images (RI) performs a prominent role in DR classification. The existing research concentrates on Optic Disc (OD) segmentation. This article focuses on the segmentation of MA, HE, and EX using a Feature Fusion Relation Transformer Network (FFRTNet). In this research, the benchmark dataset, the Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Dataset (IDRID), is used for the ablation study to evaluate the use of every module. The proposed method, FFRTNet, is compared with state-of-the-art methods. The evaluation of FFRTNet enhances the segmentation by 3.56%, 4.34%, and 3.75% on metrics, namely sensitivity, Intersection-over-Union (IoU), and Dice coefficient (DICE). The qualitative and quantitative results proved the superiority of FFRTNet in segmenting lesions in DR.

BackgroundRickettsial disease has been commonly associated with retinitis, retinal vasculitis, and optic nerve involvement, but the development of retinal neovascularization has been very rarely reported. We herein describe a case of rickettsial retinitis complicated with the development of sea-fan retinal neovascularization documented with multimodal imaging, including fundus photography, SS-OCT, fluorescein angiography, and SS-OCT angiography.Case presentationA 26-year-old female with a history of fever one week earlier presented with sudden decreased vision in the left eye. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/2000 and the patient was diagnosed with rickettsial retinitis along the superotemporal retinal vascular arcade associated with serous retinal detachment and retinal hard exudates. The indirect immunofluorescence test was positive for Rickettsia conorii, and the patient was treated with oral doxycycline (200 mg/day) and oral prednisone (0.75 mg/kg/day, with gradual tapering). Four weeks after presentation, the retinal infiltrate and associated serous retinal detachment had resolved, but retinal hard exudates had increased. A large sea-fan preretinal fibrovascular neovascularization became apparent along the superotemporal retinal vascular arcade, but there was no associated retinal ischemia on fluorescein angiography. The patient received an adjunctive single intravitreal injection of 1.25 bevacizumab. Sequential follow-up examinations showed shrinking of sea-fan retinal neovascularization, a complete resolution of retinal hard exudates, and the development of a self-limited vitreous hemorrhage. On last follow-up, 30 months after intravitreal bevacizumab injection, BCVA was 20/25.ConclusionPatients with rickettsial retinitis may develop a sea-fan retinal neovascularization, with subsequent vitreous hemorrhage, putatively through inflammatory mechanisms. Multimodal imaging including OCT, fluorescein angiography, and OCT-angiography, is highly useful for accurate diagnosis and reliable monitoring of the evolution of retinitis, retinal neovascularization, and other retinal changes. The use of a combination therapy with oral doxycycline and corticosteroids and intravitreal anti-VEGF can improve outcomes.

ABSTRACTDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important cause of blindness. If not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, it can lead to irreversible vision loss. The diagnosis of DR relies heavily on specialized ophthalmologists. In recent years, with the development of artificial intelligence a number of diagnostics using this technique have begun to appear. One method for diagnosing diseases in this field is to segment four common kinds of lesions from color fundus images, including: exudates (EX), soft exudates (SE), hemorrhages (HE), and microaneurysms (MA). In this paper, we propose a segmentation model for DR based on deep learning. The main part of the model consists of two layers of improved U‐Net network based on transformer, corresponding to the two stages of coarse segmentation and fine segmentation, respectively. The model can segment four common kinds of lesions from the input color fundus image at the same time. To validate the performance of our proposed model, we test our model on three public datasets: IDRiD, DDR, and DIARETDB1. The test results show that our proposed model achieves competitive results compared with the existing methods in terms of PR‐AUC, ROC‐AUC, Dice, and IoU, especially for lesions segmentation of SE and MA.

Computer vision is a powerful tool in medical image analysis, supporting the early detection and classification of eye diseases. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a severe eye disease secondary to diabetes, accompanies several early signs of eye-threatening conditions, such as microaneurysms (MAs), hemorrhages (HEMOs), and exudates (EXs), which have been widely studied and targeted as objects to be detected by computer vision models. In this work, we tested the performances of the state-of-the-art YOLOv8 and YOLOv9 architectures on DR fundus features segmentation without coding experience or a programming background. We took one hundred DR images from the public MESSIDOR database, manually labelled and prepared them for pixel segmentation, and tested the detection abilities of different model variants. We increased the diversity of the training sample by data augmentation, including tiling, flipping, and rotating the fundus images. The proposed approaches reached an acceptable mean average precision (mAP) in detecting DR lesions such as MA, HEMO, and EX, as well as a hallmark of the posterior pole of the eye, such as the optic disc. We compared our results with related works in the literature involving different neural networks. Our results are promising, but far from being ready for implementation into clinical practice. Accurate lesion detection is mandatory to ensure early and correct diagnoses. Future works will investigate lesion detection further, especially MA segmentation, with improved extraction techniques, image pre-processing, and standardized datasets.

Diabetic retinopathy's signs, such as exudates (EXs) and aneurysms (ANs), initially develop from under the retinal surface detectable from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Detecting these signs helps ophthalmologists diagnose DR sooner. Detecting and segmenting exudates (EXs) and aneurysms (ANs) in medical images is challenging due to their small size, similarity to other hyperreflective regions, noise presence, and low background contrast. Furthermore, the scarcity of public OCT images featuring these abnormalities has limited the number of studies related to the automatic segmentation of EXs and ANs, and the reported performance of such studies has not been satisfactory. This work proposes an efficient algorithm that can automatically segment these anomalies by improving key steps in the process. The potential area where these hyper-reflective EXs and ANs occur was scoped by our method using a deep-learning U-Net++ program. From this area, the candidates for EX-AN were segmented using the adaptive thresholding method. Nine features based on appearances, locations, and shadow markers were extracted from these candidates. They were trained and tested using bagged tree ensemble classifiers to obtain only EX-AN blobs. The proposed method was tested on a collection of a public dataset comprising 80 images with hand-drawn ground truths. The experimental results showed that our method could segment EX-AN blobs with average recall, precision, and F1-measure as 87.9%, 86.1%, and 87.0%, respectively. Its F1-measure drastically outperformed two comparative methods, binary thresholding and watershed (BT-WS) and adaptive thresholding with shadow tracking (AT-ST), by 78.0% and 82.1%, respectively.

Abstract Tail docking and ear tagging are common husbandry practices in lambs, but little is known about the healing process of the resulting wound. Additionally, evidence in other species shows that concurrent injurious procedures may delay wound healing. Thus, the objectives of this study were to 1) describe wound healing following tail docking and ear tagging, and 2) compare healing of ear tag wound in docked and undocked lambs. Within 28 Polypay female twin pairs, one lamb was docked by placing a constrictive rubber ring on the tail 24 to 48 h after birth and the tail of the other lamb was left intact (n = 28/treatment). Plastic-tipped ear tags were applied to both ears of all lambs immediately before tail docking. Wound photos of the ears and tail were taken twice weekly until weaning, resulting in 16 to 22 observations per lamb. Tail wound photos were analyzed to determine when the tail fell off and to score the presence of 6 tissue types: pus, serous exudate, sanguineous exudate, granulation, crust, and slough. A healed tail or ear wound was defined as one that was fully contracted, and no other tissue types were present. Tails took 19 ± 2 d to fall off (mean ± SD; range = 16 to 25 d) and their wound took 41 ± 8 d to heal completely (30 to 60 d). The prevalence of any of the 6 tissue types did not predict how long it took the tail wound to heal (F < 2.50, P > 0.13). Tissue types, indicative of possible infection, such as pus and slough, were present at least once in 89% and 93% of the docked lambs and in 8% and 10% of the total sampling periods, respectively. On average, pus and slough first appeared 12 ± 4 d (range = 5-22) and 11 ± 3 d (5-15) after docking, respectively. Of the 112 ear wounds, only 16% had healed by the time the lambs were weaned (55 to 74 d after tagging). Contrary to our predictions, there was a tendency for more docked lambs to have at least one healed ear wound by the end of the sampling period compared with undocked lambs (11 docked lambs vs 4 undocked lambs; X2 = 3.28, P = 0.07). This may be a result of an increased systemic inflammatory response and possible reduction in activity in the docked lambs. Overall, most ear tag wounds were still not healed after 2 mo, and tail wound took over 1 mo to heal. Further research is needed to determine the welfare implications of routine husbandry practices in sheep, including pain experienced during healing and how other factors may affect the healing process.

Background: Allergic sensitization to topical antimicrobial treatments is a well-known problem. Furacin® is one of the most widely used in our environment. It contains 0.2% nitrofurazone and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a vehicle. Case report: 57-year-old male with no history of interest. He presented skin rash, blisters, and serous exudate 2-3 days after starting treatment with Furacin® (applied to an infected skin wound). Epicutaneous tests were performed with a true test battery, nitrofurantoin 1% in petrolatum, PEG15000 and 4000 1% in petrolatum, pure PEG 400, PEG monomethyl ether 350 1% in water. Positive result at 96 hours for nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: Nitrofurazone is widely used as a topical antibiotic because of its bactericidal spectrum. It (including its excipients) should be considered in case of adverse reactions after application. Keywords: Dermatitis; Nitrofurazone; Topical antibiotics.

Purpose: Simulate radiation-pasteurellosis lesions in the body. Material and methods: Modeling of radiation and pasteurellosis lesions caused by the action of physical and biological factors on the organism Modeling of acute radiation disease (ARD) of animals was carried out by gamma-irradiation at the “Puma” facility with an exposure dose rate of 2.36×10-5 A/kg. Pasteurella multocida, the causative agent of pasteurellosis, as one of the most frequently occurring pathogenic agents, was used as a model biological agent to reproduce the experimental biological lesion. Modeling of radiation-pasteurellosis lesion was carried out on rabbits and on white mice with live weight of 2.8‒3.4 kg and 18‒20 g, respectively. Results: In experiments on white mice to determine the optimal doses of the affecting agents it was found that the minimum doses of gamma rays and the causative agent of pasteurellosis are 6.0 Gy and 4.5×103 microbial cells per kg (m.k./kg), 3.9 Gy and 9.0×103 m.k./kg, which leads to the development of pasteurellosis infection and radiation sickness in acute form with death of all animals, mainly on the first and second days after exposure to the affecting agents. k./kg, which leads to the development of pasteurellosis infection and radiation disease in acute form with death of all animals, mainly on the first and second days after combined exposure to the affecting agents. It was found that gamma-irradiation of rabbits at a dose of 8.0 Gy, followed by infection with Pasteurella at a dose of 4.5×103 m.k./kg, aggravated the course of the pasteurellosis process, contributed to its generalization and accelerated the death of animals. Conclusion: Radiation-pasteurellosis affection proceeded rapidly. Animals died on 2‒13 days after the onset of the disease with an average life expectancy of 6.3 days. Exposure of rabbits to non-lethal doses of the studied agents at the indicated doses led to aggravation of the course of radiation sickness and pasteurellosis infection, causing death of all animals from radiation-pasteurellosis pathology. At autopsy of corpses of animals, which died from acute course of radiation-pasteurellosis pathology, swelling of subcutaneous tissue in the area of pharynx and intermandibular space of neck, hyperemia and enlargement of lymph nodes, numerous hemorrhages on serous and mucous membranes and in tissues of parenchymatous organs ‒ serous or serous-fibrinous exudate in thoracic and abdominal areas, pulmonary edema were found.

Background. Nowadays, simultaneous techniques have been widely adopted in abdominal pediatric surgery as they allow to perform surgical interventions for several diseases at the same time. However, the safety of such interventions requires further studies. Objective. The aim of the study is to analyze the short-term outcomes of simultaneous hernia repair in laparoscopic appendectomy in children. Methods. The study included data from patients hospitalized with suspected acute appendicitis in 2022–2023. The study group included children operated for acute appendicitis and who had signs of patent processus vaginalis. Percutaneous internal ring suturing (PIRS) was performed in all cases. The control group (no indirect inguinal hernia was revealed) was formed by pairwise matching of patients by gender, age (± 1 year), and appendicitis type. The surgery time, the blood loss volume, the beginning of enteral feeding, and the presence of postoperative complications were analyzed. Results. The compared groups (13 individuals each) were comparable in gender (38% boys), age (median age about 10 years), and appendicitis type (catarrhal — 31%, phlegmonous — 38%, gangrenous — 31%), and white cell count at admission, presence of serous exudate and omentum changes revealed during surgery. The beginning of enteral feeding, the stool, as well as total duration of hospital stay after surgery did not differ in two groups. Moreover, both groups were comparable in terms of surgery duration, intraoperative blood loss volume, pain syndrome severity. No pyo-inflammatory complications of abdominal cavity or postoperative wounds were revealed during the hospital stay. Conclusion. Simultaneous hernia repair via PIRS method is effective and safe method of surgical management of pediatric patients with combination of acute appendicitis and inguinal hernia.

Background. Partial mastectomy is the method of choice for the surgical treatment of benign neoplasms (BN) of the breast. The drawback of this technique is the occurrence of residual cavities with the accumulation of serous and hemorrhagic exudate, promoting inflammation. Hydroxyethyl dimethyldihydropyrimidine (Ximedon) in the postoperative treatment improves the healing and overall treatment outcomes. Materials and methods. The study included 101 patients. All of them had a partial mastectomy for the BN. The study patients received different pharmacotherapy in the postoperative period. They were divided into two groups depending on the use of hydroxyethyl dimethyldihydropyrimidine. Group 1 included 52 (51.5%) patients who received hydroxyethyl dimethyldihydropyrimidine 2 hours before surgery and 0.5 g on days 1 to 7 in the postoperative period. Group 2 included 49 (48.5%) patients who had not received hydroxyethyl dimethyldihydropyrimidine. Results. Analysis of treatment outcomes showed that in group 1 patients receiving hydroxyethyl dimethyldihydropyrimidine, the overall treatment results were better. Therefore, hydroxyethyldimethyldihydropyrimidine improved overall treatment outcomes and increased patients' quality of life in the postoperative period. Conclusion. The use of hydroxyethyldimethyldihydropyrimidine in the postoperative period, which has a protective effect at the cellular level due to membrane-stabilizing, antioxidant, adaptogenic, and antibacterial properties, is promising and improves wound healing, thus improving the overall results of surgical treatment of breast BNs.

Aims/Purpose: To compare fundoscopy with Color fundus photography (CFP) in identifying diabetic retinopathy (DR) abnormalities.Methods: This is a pilot cross‐sectional study of diabetic patients attending the medical retina clinic for routine examination. All patients underwent dilated indirect ophthalmoscopy and CFP, both performed by the same doctor. The following retinal features were identified in 5 segments during both procedures (CA‐central area, UT‐upper temporal, LT‐lower temporal, UN‐upper nasal, LN‐lower nasal): pre‐retinal/retinal (RH)/vitreous haemorrhages, exudates (EX), intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA), venous beading (VB), vein loops (VL), cotton wool spots (CWS), retinal neovascularization (NVD/NVE) and ghost vessels (GV).Results: Thirty‐six eyes of 18 patients were included in the study. Overall, CFP recorded more retinal features in comparison with fundoscopy in most segments. In particular, in CFP: RH and VB were identified in 1 extra case but CWS was missed in 2 cases in CA. Imaging in UT segment revealed RH and CWS in 3 and 1 additional cases, respectively. RH, VB, CWS were recorded in 3, 1 and 1 extra cases in LT. RH and EX were documented in 4 and 1 additional cases respectively while CWS and GV were missed in 1 case in UN. In LN, RH and GV were identified in 2 extra cases, but NVD/NVE was missed in 1 case. The main differences were observed in the documentation of RH in all but one segment (apart from CA) as in >3 cases in each segment, RH was missed in fundoscopy. Moreover, in CA, retinal features were similarly identified in both examination techniques.Conclusions: Fundoscopy is part of routine ophthalmic assessment but requires experience and adequate patient cooperation. CFP is a reliable imaging tool that can objectively document diabetic retinopathy lesions. New advances in retina imaging make CFP a promising device for DR assessment patients.