The role of public health interventions in modifying associations between prenatal exposures to ambient air pollution and extreme heat with child health outcomes: A systematic review.

Integrating building characteristics and access to climate shelters to assess urban heat vulnerability

Heat and hearts: An exposure-anchored computational phenotyping framework for assessing cardiovascular vulnerability during extreme heat.

High-resolution projections of extreme heat and thermal stress in southeastern U.S.

Previous studies have demonstrated associations between extreme heat and mental health; however, the acute temporal dynamics of this relationship, including diurnal variation and lag, remain unexplored, particularly among high-risk groups such as those who are unstably housed. In this time-stratified case-crossover study, we investigated the association between hourly ambient temperature exposure and psychiatric emergency department (ED) visits in a vulnerable population in the United States. Using data from the Boston Emergency Services Team, we identified warm-season (May-September) psychiatric ED visits from 2005 through 2019, including publicly insured and uninsured individuals in Massachusetts. Hourly ambient temperature at 1 × 1 km spatial resolution was estimated for each individual's residential location for each of the 24 hours preceding each ED visit. Among 63,691 psychiatric ED visits, cumulative hourly temperature increases were associated with elevated psychiatric emergency risk over 24 hours. At the 99th percentile (31.96°C), risk increased 1.13-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.25) compared with the minimum morbidity temperature (8.57°C). Hyper-acute exposure (0-6 hours) showed imprecise protective associations, while delayed exposure (15-18 hours) demonstrated substantially increased risk. Notably, sustained extreme heat exposure was associated with stronger risk (e.g., 14 hours of extreme temperatures yielded a 1.43-fold increased risk [95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.94]). Our results demonstrate that heat impacts are acute (i.e., within a single day) but not immediate, manifesting most strongly after several hours of sustained exposure. These findings suggest diurnal temporal patterns should be considered for heat-health interventions and provide insights for clinical resource allocation during extreme heat.

Global spatiotemporal patterns of heatwaves: a re-evaluation.

Seizures in children with Dravet syndrome in extreme heat: A qualitative study of parental perspectives.

Extreme heat and markets: Theoretical and empirical evidence from Nigeria

Coping with extreme heat in primary maternity care: An ethnography of frontline health workers in rural Zimbabwe

Extreme ambient temperatures and seizure outcomes in children with epilepsy: insights from a survey in Turkey.

Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) have become more severe and frequent worldwide under global warming. They are projected to intensify under different climate scenarios, with unknown consequences for the marine biota. In this study we assess the impact of MHWs on the early developmental stages of the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, by analyzing fertilization rate, larval development, and growth from adults sampled in the 2021-2025 timeframe during natural MHW events and during periods without MHWs. We tested the assumption that naturally MHW-exposed parents would produce more sensitive offspring to thermal stress in terms of fertilization success, larval development, and growth morphology. In addition, we evaluated larval sensitivity to a reference contaminant (copper) through embryotoxicity assays. Fertilization and early development were not affected by MHWs. Conversely, in response to parental MHW-exposure, larval growth featured an increase in body width, total body length, and postoral arms's gap. Sensitivity to metals did not increase in larvae from MHW-exposed parents, suggesting a tolerance to thermal events. In the current context of increasing temperature anomalies, this study reveals the adaptability and plasticity of sea urchin larvae derived from adults exposed to natural MHW conditions, suggesting that coastal species are able to cope with extreme heat events.

Performance of tree canopy cover in mitigating future extreme heat across local climate zones: A case study of Guangzhou

The occurrence of extreme heat events offset CO2 fertilization and deteriorate grain quality in double cropping rice systems under projected climate change

Brain temperature, a fundamental modulator of neural function, remains dramatically understudied despite its critical role in health and disease. This review synthesizes current understanding of brain thermoregulation and its disruption in neurological conditions, addressing a significant knowledge gap in neuroscience. We examined the physiological mechanisms maintaining brain temperature homeostasis, including the interplay between cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. Analysis of publication trends reveals that brain temperature research is underrepresented by 7- to 37-fold compared with other brain physiological parameters, despite comparable clinical relevance. We evaluated current noninvasive measurement techniques, particularly magnetic resonance-based thermometry, highlighting advances and limitations for clinical application. The review presents evidence for distinct temperature dysregulation patterns in neurological diseases. In Alzheimer's disease, we propose a theoretical framework of early-stage hyperthermia driven by neuroinflammation and hypermetabolism, transitioning to late-stage hypothermia with metabolic decline. Brain tumors exhibit contrasting thermal profiles: glioblastomas frequently present as hypothermic due to necrotic cores acting as metabolic voids, whereas melanoma metastases show hyperthermia from sustained metabolic activity. These temperature alterations may influence disease progression through effects on protein aggregation, cellular metabolism, and neuron-glial interactions. Looking forward, brain temperature monitoring could provide biomarkers for disease staging and treatment response. In addition, understanding thermal limits becomes urgent as climate change exposes vulnerable populations with compromised thermoregulation to extreme heat. This review establishes brain temperature as an overlooked but essential axis in neurophysiology, calling for increased research attention to address fundamental questions about thermal regulation in health and disease.

Assessment of UHI mitigation strategies on indoor and outdoor thermal comfort under future extreme heat and power outage conditions, case study: educational building in Shahrood, Iran

Investigation of synergistic modification mechanisms of cotton stalk fiber/nano-calcium carbonate composite modified asphalt

Artificial intelligence applications in urban extreme heat management: A systematic review of forecasting, monitoring, mitigation and decision support

Large lake buffers regional extreme heat and surface energy under the 2022 record-breaking heatwave in China

Adapting Tokyo’s schoolyards to extreme heat and enrolment pressure: Perspectives from the frontline

Compound atmospheric and marine hot extremes coupled with droughts in Madagascar