Gum Extract Research Articles

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Boswelliaserrata (Kundur) Gum Extract on Some Biochemical Parameters in Male Rats Induced Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)

Objective: The study was to test water extract ofKundurby treatingchronic renal failure that induced by Cadmium chloride CdCl2.Method: CdCl2. at a concentration of 5 mg /kg body. wt./day of rat at chronic level with drinking water for six weeks as animal model.measuring some predicate biomarkers functional common kidney was done serum creatinine and novel biomarker measured KIM-1 and NAGL, Cystatin C, demonstrate that a regular oral intake of CdCl2 solution (in drinking water) for 45 days.Results: There is significant increase of Serum Urea, creatinine, KIM-1, NAGL and Cystatin C, when compared with control group, also indicate there is significant increase in serum biomarkers for kidney injury. After the treatment with water extract of Kundurby different concentrations 10,20, and 30 mg/kg all these Urea, Scr., KIM-1, NAGL and Cystatin C were significantly decrease when compared with CdCl2 group, compared with control group and after the treatment the damages were not found or minimize. At this exposure of CdCl2.Conclusion: The biomarkers KIM-1, NAGL and Cystatin C may be good predictive indicator of chronic renal failure, plant extract may be having a highly effect for treating the renal failure and showed highly response to treatment.

Effects of Harvest Intensities on Tragacanth Gum Production and Health of Astragalus Verus

In recent decades, tragacanth gum extraction from Astragalus verus has dramatically increased across Iranian rangelands. However, little information is available about the best method of gum harvest, which is economically efficient and maintains the health of the plant. This research was conducted as a factorial combination and in a completely randomized design, during spring and summer of 2018-2019, at Baraghban rangeland. Three levels of stem cuts (i.e. 1, 2, and 3 cuts on the main stem of each plant) and four frequencies of gum removals (1 to 4 times) with 10 replications were applied on 120 individual plants. Results indicated that all cut and gum removal levels significantly reduced the vigor of A. verus, but no significant relationship was detected between gum removal levels and plant vigor. There was an increase in the gum yield by increasing the number of gum harvests, but no increase was found by increasing cut numbers. Based on the ecological and economic comparisons (estimating costs and benefits), we suggest one cut and four times of gum removal as the most suitable method.

Evaluation In vivo antifungal effect of gum arabic of Acacia tortilis (Forssk) on storage deteriorating fungi by coating method

In Tindouf (Algeria) Gum of Acacia tortilis (Forssk) commonly has been used in folk medicine to treat different diseases. In the present study, preliminary phytochemical analysis of aquatic gum extract of Acacia tortilis was carried out by using simple chemical tests. It revealed the presence of reducing compounds, coumarins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides and catechic tannins. From the point of view of the diversity of fungi, there was no significant difference between the common wheat samples analyzed. The results of the mycological analysis showed a clear dominance of the genus Aspergillus (49.45%). This dominance seems to be favored by high grain moisture, a slight acidity, a rate broken grain well determined. In comparison with the witness; the storage by coating of wheat grain with the extract decreases the frequency of contamination in a more or less important way. It was marked excellent anti-fungal effect.

Synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using tree gum extract, its spectral characterization, and a study of its anti- bactericidal properties

The synthesis of Copper Oxide nanoparticles was carried out using tree gum extract as a template. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis, SEM and XRD. Scanning electron microscopy shows a beautiful needle like structure implanted inside the gum framework. Tree gum acts as a good binding agent. X ray diffraction patters show the formation of both CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles of size in the range of 25.40 and 51.56 nm for Moringa Olifera and Acacia Nilotica. The CuO nanoparticles showed good antibacterial activity against two bacterial strains which increase its potential applications. Though the characterization studies of CuO nanoparticles with two different gums showed different ratios of Cu2O and CuO, the antibacterial studies showed fairly similar results.

Stabilizing Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Mastic Gum on Microtubule Polymers: an In Vitro Study

Terpenoids are novel natural products isolated from mastic gum. Mastic gum was obtained from the Pistacia Lentiscus tree. Scientific investigations have documented medical and pharmacological properties of mastic gum such as memory enhancement, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. It was astonishing to study the possible interaction of mastic gum extract with microtubule proteins which are involved in memory and consciousness since the administration of mastic gum is evidenced in the improvement of brain functions. Since a number of studies have demonstrated the effect of microtubule dynamics on mammals’ memory, in this study, we investigated the effect of Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes (OST) on microtubule polymerization in vitro. OST was purified from the ethanolic extract of mastic gum. The results revealed that OST induces microtubule polymerization; however, microtubule depolymerization was not affected and fluorometric assays showed conformational changes of tubulin in the presence of OST. We interestingly found that colchicine was unable to inhibit MT assembly in the presence of OST and OST was solely more efficient than the combination of OST with paclitaxel for elevating microtubule polymerization rate. We hope that OST could be a promising agent for memory enhancement and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases as a novel tubulin-binding compound.

The Effect of Sitz Bath of Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Myrrh Gum on Episiotomy Wound Healing in Nulliparous Women

Objective: To investigate the effect of sitz bath of hydro-alcohol extract of myrrh plant on episiotomy wound healing. Materials and methods: the clinical trial was performed on 60 nulliparous women from July 2017 to December 2017. After episiotomy, the intervention and control groups respectively underwent sitz bath of myrrh gum and normal saline for 7 days. Data collection was REEDA scale. Results: Significant difference between the mean score of redness, proximity of wound edges to each other and REEDA scale in both groups on the third, seventh and tenth days after delivery (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between mean scores of bruise on the 10th day and wound discharge on the 7th and 10th days. The mean scores of bruise were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The effect of this myrrh plant on episiotomy wound healing is greater and faster than the effect of usual cares.

Impact of growing conditions on the gum properties of different genotypes of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.)

Galactomannan (gum), a water-soluble polysaccharide, is widely used as a gelling agent in liquids, including in the oil and gas industry for hydraulic fracturing. The most effective source of this valuable plant material is seeds of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.), a legume crop new for Russia. Although in recent years progress has been made in the selection of guar varieties adapted to the conditions of the Russian Federation, the question of the most appropriate region for the cultivation of this crop remains open. The purpose of the study was to investigate how a region and technology of guar cultivation can affect the main indicators of the final target product: the content and viscosity of guar gum extracted from the seeds of various guar genotypes. To understand this, ecogeographical tests of 13 guar accessions from the VIR collection were conducted at the experimental stations of the Vavilov Institute (VIR), where climatic conditions correspond to the temperature requirements of the crop. To compare the properties of gum extracted from the seeds of various genotypes, a fast-tracked laboratory method was suggested allowing gum extracts to be obtained for assessing their viscosity. The method allows fast screening of the breeding material and selecting guar genotypes with beneficial properties of guar gum which are in demand by the oil industry. Applying the fast laboratory method for assessing the properties of gum in seeds of 13 guar varieties showed that the content and viscosity of gum of the same variety vary greatly depending on growing conditions. The same set of 13 guar accessions was grown in 2018 at the Volgograd, Astrakhan, Dagestan and Kuban VIR experimental stations. As a result, the maximum viscosity values were obtained for the seeds reproduced at the Astrakhan region, where the guar was grown on irrigated lands. On the other hand, the maximum gum content in the seeds of all accessions was recorded when they were grown in the Volgograd region. The results showed that the guar gum extracted from seeds of guar plants grown in the Russian Federation can be used as a gelling agent in the processes of intensification of oil production by the method of hydraulic fracturing. This experience is new to the Russian Federation.

Environmentally Evaluated New HPLC/UV Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Acesulfame-K, Butylated Hydroxytoluene, and Aspartame and Its Degradant in Chewing Gum

Abstract Background: Acesulfame-K (ACE), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and aspartame (ASP) are a common combination of food additives added to chewing gums. The abuse of these additives results in severe adverse health effects; however, they are still extensively used owing to their high performance and low cost. Objective: The development and optimization of a simple, cheap, sensitive, and eco-friendly HPLC/UV method for the simultaneous determination of ASP, ACE, and BHT along with aspartame degradation product phenylalanine (PHEN) in chewing gum. Methods: The method was optimized using a 5 μm C18 column and an eluent consisting of methanol and 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) according to a suitable gradient elution program. Simple sample preparation, consisting of dilution, homogenization, and sonication followed by centrifugation and filtration, was optimized and used for the extraction of chewing gum. The greenness of the method was evaluated. Results: The proposed method exhibited excellent linearity (R2 &amp;gt; 0.9996), low LOQ (0.08–0.95 μg/mL), and recoveries between 85.3 and 98.83% with relative SD (RSD) ≤ 2.7%. High resolution was obtained with &amp;lt;25 min run times with excellent precision (RSD: 0.28–1.33%). This method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of ACE, ASP, and BHT in commercial chewing gum; PHEN was not detected. Furthermore, our method is considered to be environmentally acceptable. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the developed method can be used to detect ACE, BHT, ASP, and PHEN in chewing gum. Highlights: A new sensitive, green HPLC/UV method is developed to be used as a minimal-cost routine analysis procedure for commercial chewing gum.

Electrical, characterization and functional properties of extract gum ( Tniqonella Foenum graecum L. ) from Fenugreek seeds.

Gum was extracted from fenugreek seeds Tniqonella Foenum graecum L, and characterized by several techniques method such DSC and Thermo gravimetric TGA analysis, Spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier- Transformed FT-IR, X- ray powded diffraction spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The results indicated FT-IR spectra of the studied gums showed the presence of the same functional groups expect arabic gum contain COO group, The main bands observed were assigned to O-H (3406. 26 – 3412.08) group from hydroxyl group, C-H aliphatic (2856.58 –2926.01), C=O (1429.25 –1668.43) group, COO (1735.43) group that are present only in the structure of arabic gum and C-O (1014.56. –1155.36). Thermo chemical properties of fenugreek seeds gum was determined and compared with arabic gum and acacia gum by DSC and TGA, The results are showed that fenugreek seeds gum and acacia gum were degraded at 300°C. The mass loss being of 33% and 45%, while Arabic gum was degraded at 303°C with weight loss 53% analyzing, The X- ray powdered diffraction revealed that fenugreek seeds gum had one weak peak at the scattering angle 2θ at 5.32 in height 60.15 cts which the X-ray diffract gram of the arabic gum and acacia gum showed presence weak peaks at the scattering angle 2θ at 20.94 and 19.04 in height 47.78 and 52.84 cts respectively. Analysis of gum by the H -NMR spectra indicate fenugreek seeds gum is a galactomannan type polysaccharide which contain mannose and galactose, which arabic gum and acacia gum were had the same sugars. All these result showed that fenugreek gum is useful in food industry.

Evaluation of the mucoadhesive strengths of Abelmoschus esculentus and Irvingia gabonensis gums for possible application in veterinary vaccine delivery: the effect of extraction methods

ABSTRACTThis study evaluates the effects of different gum extraction methods on the mucoadhesive strengths of Abelmoschus esculentus (AE) and Irvingia gabonensis (IG) gums and the release of vaccine antigen in vaccine–gum formulations. AE and IG gums were extracted employing previously documented methods with acetone or sodium chloride (NaCl) and either oven-dried or freeze-dried. Gum extracts were analyzed for mucoadhesive strengths using a modified rotational cylinder method on animal mucosa. The time taken to detach from the mucosa was taken as the Peak Adhesion Time (PAT). The gum extracts were charged with Peste des petits ruminant vaccine and the antigen release was evaluated using agar gel immunodiffusion technique. The means of the PATS were analyzed using Mann-whitney t-test at p < .05. The NaCl extracted and freeze-dried IG gum showed sustained mean PATs of 1766 ± 73 s; 2116 ± 101 s; 7044 ± 117 s, while the oven-dried IG gum and both AE gums showed short-lived average PATs. Vaccine-gum formulations of IG at ratios 2:1, 1:1 & 1:2 had strong positive reactions while only that of AE at 2:1 showed a strong positive reaction. This study shows that NaCl extracted and freeze-dried IG gum has immunomodulatory potential for mucoadhesive vaccine delivery in ruminants.

A Novel Method for Assessing Enamel Thickness Distribution in the Anterior Dentition as a Signal for Gouging and Other Extractive Foraging Behaviors in Gummivorous Mammals

Gummivory poses unique challenges to the dentition as gum acquisition may often require that the anterior teeth be adapted to retain a sharp edge and to resist loading because they sometimes must penetrate a highly obdurate substrate during gum extraction by means of gouging or scraping. It has been observed previously that the enamel on the labial surface of the teeth used for extraction is thicker relative to that on the lingual surface in taxa that extract gums, while enamel is more evenly distributed in the anterior teeth of taxa that do not regularly engage in extractive behaviors. This study presents a quantitative methodology for measuring the distribution of labial versus lingual enamel thickness among primate and marsupial taxa in the context of gummivory. Computed microtomography scans of 15 specimens representing 14 taxa were analyzed. Ten measurements were taken at 20% intervals starting from the base of the crown of the extractive tooth to the tip of the cutting edge across the lingual and labial enamel. A method for including worn or broken teeth is also presented. Mann-Whitney U tests, canonical variates analysis, and between-group principal components analysis were used to examine variation in enamel thickness across taxa. Our results suggest that the differential distribution of enamel thickness in the anterior dentition can serve as a signal for gouging behavior; this methodology distinguishes between gougers, scrapers, and nonextractive gummivores. Gouging taxa are characterized by significantly thicker labial enamel relative to the lingual enamel, particularly towards the crown tip. Examination of enamel thickness patterning in these taxa permits a better understanding of the adaptations for the extraction of gums in extant taxa and offers the potential to test hypotheses concerning the dietary adaptations of fossil taxa.

IDENTIFIKASI DAN ANALISIS KADAR FLAVONOID EKSTRAK GETAH ANGSANA (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) DI DUSUN WANATH KECAMATAN LEIHITU KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

Background: Medicinal plants have many benefits that make it a traditional medicine for society. One of the medicinal plants used by the community, especially the Wanath Hamlet community, is the angsana gum (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) In treating diseases.&#x0D; Method: This study aims to identify and analyze flavonoid levels in angsana sap (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) In Wanath Hamlet qualitatively (flavonoid color test) and quantitative (flavonoid content analysis).&#x0D; Results: The results show a change in color to yellow which indicates that the sap is positive for flavonoids, while in aquades it shows clear color changes which indicate negative.&#x0D; Conclusion: Qualitative test (color test) of angsana gum extract positively contains flavonoids when identified with several flavonoid reagents which produce yellow

Environmentally Evaluated New HPLC/UV Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Acesulfame-K, Butylated Hydroxytoluene, and Aspartame and Its Degradant in Chewing Gum.

Background: Acesulfame-K (ACE), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and aspartame (ASP) are a common combination of food additives added to chewing gums. The abuse of these additives results in severe adverse health effects; however, they are still extensively used owing to their high performance and low cost. Objective: The development and optimization of a simple, cheap, sensitive, and eco-friendly HPLC/UV method for the simultaneous determination of ASP, ACE, and BHT along with aspartame degradation product phenylalanine (PHEN) in chewing gum. Methods: The method was optimized using a 5 μm C18 column and an eluent consisting of methanol and 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) according to a suitable gradient elution program. Simple sample preparation, consisting of dilution, homogenization, and sonication followed by centrifugation and filtration, was optimized and used for the extraction of chewing gum. The greenness of the method was evaluated. Results: The proposed method exhibited excellent linearity (R² > 0.9996), low LOQ (0.08-0.95 μg/mL), and recoveries between 85.3 and 98.83% with relative SD (RSD) ≤ 2.7%. High resolution was obtained with <25 min run times with excellent precision (RSD: 0.28-1.33%). This method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of ACE, ASP, and BHT in commercial chewing gum; PHEN was not detected. Furthermore, our method is considered to be environmentally acceptable. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the developed method can be used to detect ACE, BHT, ASP, and PHEN in chewing gum. Highlights: A new sensitive, green HPLC/UV method is developed to be used as a minimal-cost routine analysis procedure for commercial chewing gum.

Evaluation of the protective and therapeutic effects of Pistacia atlantica gum aqueous extract on cellular and pathological aspects of experimental asthma in Balb/c mice.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of aqueous extract of P. atlantica gum on an experimental asthma in BALB/c mice. Aqueous extract of dried and milled P. atlantica gum was assemble and evaluate by GC-MS. In order to investigate the effect of P. atlantica gum extract on cellular and pathological aspects of asthma, 60 BALB/c mice were divided into six groups as: negative control, asthmatic group, asthmatic group receiving dexamethasone (1mg/kg; intraperitoneal (IP)) and three asthmatic groups receiving different concentrations of the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, orally) from the beginning of the study and continued for 84 days. The examined parameters included cell population, IgE antibody production, levels of IL-4, IL-5, TGF-β, INF-γ, IL-10, and IL-17 cytokines, and lung tissue damage. Regardless of the dose, aqueous extract of P. atlantica gum, caused significant decrease in the number of BALF eosinophilic cells and levels of anti-ovalbumin IgE, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-17 cytokine levels, as well as pathologic damage of the lung tissue. In addition, the amount of anti-inflammatory IL-10, TGF-β, and INF-γ Th1 cytokines significantly increased in the extract-treated groups compared to the asthmatic and dexamethasone-treated groups. Moreover, IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner compared to the un-treated asthma group. The aqueous extract of P. atlantica gum can be considered as a potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory compound and may be used as a natural compound for treatment of immune system disorders.

Linum usitatissimum L. seeds: Flax gum extraction, physicochemical and functional characterization

Flax gum (FG) was extracted and purified from flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) locally called as Alsi. Physicochemical and functional aspects of separated gum were interrogated in detail. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis depicted variety of peaks in region of 3308.8, 2923.60, 1739.97 & 1149.68 cm−1 which are feature of typical polysaccharide. Functional properties of FG depicted higher water holding ability and lower oil holding aptitude compared to reference materials. Foaming capacity, swelling index and foaming stability of FG were 27.5%, 55.0% and 10.5% respectively which were higher than reference gums. Highest emulsion stability was evident at 0.5% concentration >95.Monosaccharide composition depicted the acidic and neural behavior of heteopolysaccharide FG. Thermal analysis revealed that FG was highly stable. XRD analysis depicted amorphous behavior. SEM imaging indicated a splendor and shiny surface of FG. In conclusion, FG is suitable for variety of food formulations as a thickener, stabilizer, and moisture-retaining agent.

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Tree Gum Extracts and Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Tree Gum Extracts and Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles

Optimization of Asafoetida gum extraction and assessments of emulsion stability

Response surface methodology was applied for optimization of alcoholic extraction of Asafoetida gum from Ferula assa-foetida L. The effects of time, temperature, ethanol to gum ratio and pH on the purity and physico-chemical properties of that gum were investigated. Extraction parameters significantly affected purity (ranged from 55.5 to 76.4%), protein content (between 5.2 and 12.7%), solubility (19 to 96%), particle size (100 to 900 μm), particle size distribution (span) (0.6 to 5.4), foam capacity (20–115%) and foam stability (13–111%) of the gum. Effect of different concentration (5, 10, 15 and 20% w/v) of optimum extracted gum on stability and viscosity of emulsions was studied over 28 days. The concentrations below 20% w/v showed creaming after 4 weeks. Particle size, span and microscopic analysis confirmed droplet size reduction. No significant alteration in emulsion stability and droplet size was observed over storage due to viscosity enhancement.

NOVEL APPROACH OF EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF OKRA GUM AS A BINDER FOR TABLET FORMULATION

Objective: The major objective of the present investigation was to extract a natural polymer (okra gum) with its characterization as pharmaceutical binder and to formulate, develop, and evaluate the compression-coated tablet using okra as binder along with synthetic hydrophilic polymers like various grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC).Methods: A novel extraction method was carried out using fresh unripe pods of okra (ladies finger) with the aid of organic solvents and its characterization was done. The core tablets were prepared by direct compression method which was compression coated with okra gum and HPMC.Results: After the extraction of the okra gum was carried out, the yield of mucilage obtained was 10%. It is considered as a proof for the purity of the mucilage extract. The above study reveals that the polymers were subjected to the Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry thermogram had no significant interactions between the drug and the polymers. The characterization of the new polymer okra showed that it has swelling properties, and in spite of being a hydrophilic polymer, it can be successfully used in pharmaceutical formulation as a good binder.Conclusion: In the present aspect of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of okra gum that has been used as a tablet binder. It is easily available and inexpensive. Okra gum as a binder produces tablet formulations with good physicochemical properties and good candidate for sustained release formulations.

NOVEL APPROACH OF EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF OKRA GUM AS A BINDER FOR TABLET FORMULATION

Objective: The major objective of the present investigation was to extract a natural polymer (okra gum) with its characterization as pharmaceutical binder and to formulate, develop, and evaluate the compression-coated tablet using okra as binder along with synthetic hydrophilic polymers like various grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC).Methods: A novel extraction method was carried out using fresh unripe pods of okra (ladies finger) with the aid of organic solvents and its characterization was done. The core tablets were prepared by direct compression method which was compression coated with okra gum and HPMC.Results: After the extraction of the okra gum was carried out, the yield of mucilage obtained was 10%. It is considered as a proof for the purity of the mucilage extract. The above study reveals that the polymers were subjected to the Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry thermogram had no significant interactions between the drug and the polymers. The characterization of the new polymer okra showed that it has swelling properties, and in spite of being a hydrophilic polymer, it can be successfully used in pharmaceutical formulation as a good binder.Conclusion: In the present aspect of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of okra gum that has been used as a tablet binder. It is easily available and inexpensive. Okra gum as a binder produces tablet formulations with good physicochemical properties and good candidate for sustained release formulations.

The Study of the Effectiveness of a Mixture of Arnebia Euochroma and Gum Extract in Animal Oils and Comparing It with Honey in Diabetic Foot Ulcer

One of the most important causes of disability in diabetic patients is diabetic foot ulcers. Native use of medicinal herbs may significantly affect the wound healing process. In this study, a mixture of Arnebia euochroma extracts and essential oil of Pistacia Atlantica in animal oil used for healing diabetic wounds was compared with natural honey. Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 250 g became diabetic. Wounds of equal size were created in their back area and the wound was dressed with a mixture of Arnebia euochroma and essential oil of Pistacia Atlantica in animal oil. Afterward, their recovery process was photographed daily. Finally, when we saw evidence of rats' wound healing; we killed rats and searched tissue granulation and epithelialization process. The study results showed that Arnebia euochroma and gum mixture at a concentration of 5 of animal oils was more effective compared to honey. Local and regional experiences can be a good source to access pharmaceutical products and services for patients, a scientific reason for this study. We found a more effective ointment for wound dressing. It can help diabetic patients. The oral forms of these plants are recommended to be provided. © 2019, Islamic Azad University. All rights reserved.