Periodontal ligament stem cell-derived exosomal miR-378a programs osteogenic commitment via DAZAP2/SMAD signaling.

Extracellular vesicles in osteosarcoma: bridging resistance, immunity, and clinical translation.

The landscape of extracellular vesicle in periodontitis and associated systemic diseases: From pathological mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities.

Exosomes and extracellular vesicles in gastric cancer immune escape.

Extracellular vesicles in tumor immune escape and therapeutic resistance: mechanisms and immunopharmacological opportunities.

Exercise exerts broad and sustained effects on metabolic homeostasis and overall physiology. However, the circulating mediators connecting localized exercise responses to coordinated systemic adaptation remain poorly defined, particularly those involved in inter‑organ communication and long‑term metabolic remodeling. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained significant attention as key mediators in this signaling process, owing to their ability to transport proteins, metabolites, and RNAs between donor and recipient cells. Exercise dynamically modulates EV release, abundance, and cargo composition, suggesting that EVs may act as key mediators of exercise‑induced multisystem adaptation. Notably, exercise may alter the epigenetically active cargo of EVs, regulating epigenetic responses in target organs and ultimately shaping systemic metabolic homeostasis. Given the potential importance of these mechanisms in the long‑term systemic effects of exercise, a comprehensive review of the current evidence is essential. In the present review EV‑mediated epigenetic signaling in exercise is investigated, focusing on how exercise reshapes EV biogenesis and cargo composition, how EV‑associated epigenetic factors regulate recipient‑cell function, and how these processes may contribute to sustained metabolic adaptation. This perspective aims to clarify the mechanistic basis of exercise benefits and to highlight EVs as potential targets for precision diagnostics and therapeutic strategies.

Integrated single-tube detection of miRNAs in subpopulation-specific extracellular vesicles via spatially colocalized dual-module DNA scaffold.

Blebbisomes: Redefining the extracellular vesicles landscape through organelle-rich extracellular entities.

Here, we report a simple and rapid extracellular vesicle (EV)-based membrane-type immunoglobulin-directed hybridoma screening (MIHS) platform that enables efficient isolation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing three-dimensional conformations of transmembrane proteins. Transmembrane proteins are essential membrane components involved in signal transduction, transport, and energy conversion. As they function in native conformations, isolating mAbs that recognize conformational epitopes is critical for both research and therapeutic use. However, traditional methods, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), can disrupt the antigen structure, making it challenging to screen for such mAbs. To overcome this limitation, we developed a screening strategy combining MIHS with EVs as antigen-presenting tools. EVs, which are naturally bounded by lipid bilayers, display transmembrane proteins in native conformations and can be easily isolated. As a model, we engineered cells co-expressing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and green fluorescent protein, generating fluorescent EVs displaying ALP. Hybridomas were screened by MIHS using these EVs, followed by ELISA without direct antigen immobilization. All isolated mAbs recognized conformational ALP epitopes, demonstrating the structural selectivity of this method. These results demonstrate that the EV-based MIHS approach provides a convenient and structurally faithful strategy for isolating conformation-specific mAbs, offering broad utility in basic biology and antibody development.

Representative probiotic extracellular vesicles engineered with modified hyaluronic acid and tea polyphenol for enhancing bioactive stability and targeted cellular delivery.

Pediococcus pentosaceus DF29-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate EPEC-induced intestinal injury via M2 macrophage polarization.

Parabacteroides distasonis-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate ulcerative colitis by regulating tryptophan metabolism to activates AhR.

miR-466f-3p promotes pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages through NF-κB signaling and suppresses melanoma metastasis.

Mesenchymal stem cells therapy for Ischaemic stroke: Mechanism and progress.

Functional louts leaf extracellular vesicles for targeted delivery of curcumin through PPAR against obesity.

Gynostemma pentaphyllum-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate skin aging by destabilizing STING.

Cardiac targeting extracellular vesicles combined with quercetin co-delivery system enhances the therapeutic efficacy of myocardial infarction.

Orally delivered, pH-resistant dual coated extracellular vesicles restore intestinal barrier function and suppress colitis.

The nano-biointerface as a structural regulator of cell behavior: Interactions of extracellular vesicles, synthetic nanocarriers, and nanofibers with cells.

Engineered extracellular vesicles from human placental mesenchymal stem cells attenuate abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by inhibiting Nat10-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell senescence.