Extra Movement Research Articles

Shedding Light on Breast Cancer, its Development, And Methods of Diagnosis and Prevention

It is a complex task to find out a specific reason of breast cancer which are based on multiple factors. Nevertheless, hormones, especially estrogens, are the ones that are mostly responsible for hampering unrestricted division of cancerous cells in the mammary gland. Fully knowing their role is pivotal for matching preventive and therapeutic plans. Chromosomal anomalies are abundant in this inborn module but they are next to BRCA1 and BRCA2, the errors that increase the risk. The diagnostic technologies which include HER2/neu testing and gene expression profiling are made to personalize the therapy practice with the intention to enhance the outcomes. The amalgam of environmental, hormonal, and genetic influences results in the creation of an individuality. The effectiveness of rehabilitation can be drastically boosted through the early identification of a disease process. A mammogram, the top screening tool for breast cancer built-in, can spot a cancer even before it shows any symptoms. In the matter of particles the breast cancer treatment has been changed greatly. Distressed tablets like trastuzumab and aromatase inhibitors in the event when accompanied by traditional chemotherapy, which in return produce efficacy with lesser side effects. Preventative policies encompass the realization of lifestyle changes as well as medical intervention. Maintaining a healthy weight, doing some extra movements, and limiting alcohol intake are all good examples of what you can do to reduce your chances of complications. Successful chemoprevention among high-risk subjects, via drugs like raloxifene and tamoxifene, has been founded. Immunotherapy is a novel approach of curing cancer by triggering immune response of the body.A review of its mechanism of operation, and preventive measures. The precision of staging is improved because of other supplementary information that is available in additional techniques like MRI and ultrasound. Such individuals can be candidates for preventive procedures such as oophorectomy or mastectomy.

MOVEMENT DATA ANALYSIS AS A NOVEL PREDICTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR TENDON REPAIR

Digital Ventilated Cages (DVC) offer an innovative technology to obtain accurate movement data from a single mouse over time [1]. Thus, they could be used to determine the occurrence of a tendon damage event as well as inform on tissue regeneration [2,3]. Therefore, using the mouse model of tendon experimental damage, in this study it has been tested whether the recovery of tissue microarchitecture and of extracellular matrix (ECM) correlates with the motion data collected through this technology.Mice models were used to induce acute injury in Achilles tendons (ATs), while healthy ones were used as control. During the healing process, the mice were housed in DVC cages (Tecniplast) to monitor animal welfare and to study biomechanics assessing movement activity, an indicator of the recovery of tendon tissue functionality. After 28 days, the AT were harvested and assessed for their histological and immunohistochemical properties to obtain a total histological score (TSH) that was then correlated to the movement data.DVC cages showed the capacity to distinguish activity patterns in groups from the two different conditions. The data collected showed that the mice with access to the mouse wheel had a higher activity as compared to the blocked wheel group, which suggests that the extra movement during tendon healing improved motion ability. The histological results showed a clear difference between different analyzed groups. The bilateral free wheel group showed the best histological recovery, offering the highest TSH score, thus confirming the results of the DVC cages and the correlation between movement activity and structural recovery.Data obtained showed a correlation between TSH and the DVC cages, displaying structural and movement differences between the tested groups. This successful correlation allows the usage of DVC type cages as a non-invasive method to predict tissue regeneration and recovery.Acknowledgements: This research is part of the P4FIT project ESR13, funded by the H2020-ITN-EJD MSCA grant agreement No.955685.

Optimization Model of Autonomous Vehicle Parking Facilities, Developed With the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm With an Elite Strategy 2 and by Comparing Different Moving Strategies

Fully self-driving cars, or autonomous vehicles (AVs), will have self-parking functions, which will revolutionize and reshape parking facilities in several ways. Automated parking technology could realize high-density and intensive parking space efficiency through multirow layouts and with narrower spaces per vehicle, which would completely change traditional parking facilities. Nonetheless, extra movements and congestion are generated by releasing stuck vehicles inside rows of parking spaces. Profits in parking space efficiency might be reduced by losses extra movements and congestion. This article aims to optimize the multirow and multichannel layout of parking facilities for AVs, balancing maximal space utilization and minimal movements while satisfying a designated parking demand. A new moving strategy, “first storage and shortest moving to outdistance (FSSMD),” is put forward first. Then, the geometric attributes, other movement strategies, demand characteristics, and other design elements of parking facilities are comprehensively quantified to describe the profit and loss of self-parking. An optimization model for the multirow layout of parking spaces is constructed with the dual goals of maximizing the number of berths and minimizing the number of movements. The nondominated sorting genetic algorithm with an elite strategy 2 is designed to solve the optimal model. Finally, the optimal zones and layouts of parking facilities are put forward by numerical experiments, and the sensitivity of different moving strategies is discussed. The results show that the moving strategy based on the FSSMD significantly reduces expected movement times, without decreasing the utilization rate of parking spaces. Although having only one zone enables maximizing the number of parking berths and the utilization rate of parking facilities, such benefits and improvements might be compromised by additional movements. Therefore, the multirow optimal layout with a zoning of 4 and 2 interzone channels should be decided by assessing the paradoxical relationships between the maximal utilization rate and minimal movements.

Extra Movements in Healthy People: Challenging the Definition and Diagnostic Practice of Tic Disorders.

The occurrence of motor/vocal tics, that is, "extra movements" and/or "extra vocalizations," is the leading diagnostic criterion for tic disorders. We show that extra movements are common also in healthy controls, so that a surplus of movements per se is not indicative of the presence of a tic disorder. This questions the usefulness of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition criteria for tic disorders in clinical practice. Apparently, it is not solely a surplus of movements that defines tic disorders. Instead, movement characteristics and patterns seem to play a crucial role. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:472-478.

An Efficient Hybrid Particle Swarm and Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization for Arch-Dam Shape Design

Particle swarm optimization is a popular meta-heuristic with highly explorative features; however, in its standard form it suffers from a poor convergence rate and weak search refinement on multi-dimensional problems. The present work improves the conventional particle swarm optimizer in three ways: adding a greedy selection for better intensification; embedding an extra movement borrowed from teacher–learner-based optimization; and utilizing a neighborhood strategy by averaging over a random half of the swarm. The performance of the proposed method is subsequently evaluated on three sets of problems. The first set includes uni-modal, multi-model, separable and non-separable test functions. The proposed method is compared with a standard particle swarm optimizer and its variants as well as other meta-heuristic algorithms. Engineering benchmark problems including the optimal design of a tubular column, a coiled spring, a pressure vessel and a cantilever beam constitute the second set. The third set includes constrained sizing design of a 120-bar dome truss and the optimal shape design of the Morrow Point double-arch concrete dam as a practical case study. Numerical results reveal considerable enhancement of the standard particle swarm via the proposed method to exhibit competitive performance with the other studied meta-heuristics. In the optimal design of Morrow Point Dam, the proposed method resulted in a material consumption 21 times smaller than the best of the initial population and 26% better than a recommended practical design.

Study of Discharge Outlines of Subthalamic Nucleus-Globus Pallidus External and the Favorable Impact of Deep Brain Stimulation in the Parkinson State

Aims: The aim of our model is to simulate deep brain stimulation mathematically instead of doing it experimentally to check whether the outlines in Parkinson’s disease helps in reducing the motor symptoms or not. The model is simulated here mathematically because clinical research is not feasible. My model is STN-GPe in which there are different differential equations. Also, to prove that the symptoms for Parkinson’s disease are reduced up to 99.59%.
 Study Design: Cross-correlation function.
 Place and duration of Study: Study was conducted in private college of Gurugram from January 2021 to September 2021.
 Methodology: Self designed, the conduct of the model has been accessible with the support of activity outlines produced in a normal state and Parkinson's state. These outlines have been related by finding out their correlation coefficient for dissimilar values of essential parameters. Here, a single-compartment conductance-based model is taken that concentrates on the subthalamic nucleus and synaptic input from globus pallidus (external). Current model displays extremely nonlinear behavior regarding many essential parameters.
 Results: Outcomes show that the activity outlines are extremely penetrating to several essential parameters. Deep brain stimulation is measured as a harmless and well-borne surgical technique to lighten Parkinson’s disease and extra movement ailments indications across some psychiatric situations. So, the deep brain stimulation technique has been applied here mathematically to find the cross-correlation between the two states. With the help of this stimulation, some promising results are obtained.
 Conclusion: The conclusion is that DBS is operative at reducing motor indications of parkinsonism by 99.59%.

A feedforward-feedback-based reactor power decoupling control strategy for multi-modular nuclear power plants

Multi-modular nuclear power plants (MMNPPs) comprise of several SMRs working in parallel, a common steam header and one or more steam consuming units. The reactor units in this type of plant may share different portion of load and their power may interfere with each other due to a coupling effect through the common steam header. Hence, the load following characteristics of MMNPPs are different from that of single reactor plants. Investigation results show that the coupling effect between load following reactors (LFRs) and fixed power reactors (FPRs) affects the operation of the latter ones during load following or power compensation process. This is not favorable due to the extra movement of the control rods and valves may increase the risk of related accidents. In this research, a setpoint feedforward-feedback header steam pressure control method is proposed to decouple the power output of LFR units and FPR units. Control performance of the decoupling control method is evaluated and made comparison to that of conventional header steam pressure control method. Results demonstrated that the proposed reactor power decoupling control method shows better control performance than the conventional control method, with faster load following speed of the LFR and smaller overshoots of the header steam pressure, eventually keeping the FPR barely disturbed during the transients. This proposed reactor power decoupling control strategy will improve the operation performance, safety and reliability of the MMNPPs.

Improvement of Container Terminal Productivity with Knowledge about Future Transport Modes: A Theoretical Agent-Based Modelling Approach

Despite all the achievements in improving container terminal performance in terms of equipment and container stacking systems (CSS), terminal operators are still facing several challenges. One of these challenges is the lack of information about further transportation modes of the container, which leads to extra movements of the container inside the stacking area. Hence, we aimed to examine factors that affect container handling processes and to evaluate a container terminal’s overall equipment effectiveness. This study used data from a container terminal at the Port of Antwerp, Belgium. An agent-based model was developed based on a block-stacking strategy to investigate two scenarios: (1) having information about further transportation modes and (2) a base scenario. The Overall Equipment Effectiveness Index (OEE) was also adopted to evaluate the container terminal’s effectiveness in both scenarios. Results showed that having information on further transportation mode significantly increased the container outflow, and the OEE index improved compared to the base scenario’s results. Therefore, we recommend an integrated data-sharing system where all the stakeholders can share their information with no fear of losing their market share.

Clinical Characteristics Associated with Reduced Selective Voluntary Motor Control in the Upper Extremity of Individuals with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

ABSTRACT Background Selective voluntary motor control (SVMC) in the upper extremity is often impaired in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and can be assessed quantitatively and qualitatively using the Test of Arm Selective Control (TASC). Methods Fifty-six individuals with spastic CP (5–18 years old) were included. Descriptors associated with administration of the TASC were analyzed according to the type of CP and arm joint using Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. ABILHAND-Kids scores were compared between participants with and without mirror movements using a t-test. Results All groups of children with spastic CP had incidence of TASC movement descriptors. There was a main effect of topography of CP on extra movements, decreased active range of motion, tightness, spasticity, and mirroring, and an additional main effect of joint on mirroring. Participants with mirroring had lower ABILHAND-Kids scores than those without mirroring. Conclusions Systematically observing arm movements using the TASC revealed differences across participants.

COMBINED APPLICATION PROPOSAL OF VALUE STREAM MAPPING (VSM) AND METHODS TIME MEASUREMENT UNIVERSAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM (MTM-UAS) METHODS IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

Due to high customer expectations in textile world, companies make great efforts in order to survive. Customers always expect best quality, best price and fastest service time. In this article, the method of VSM (Value Stream Mapping) was used together with MTM-UAS (Methods Time Measurement Universal Analysis System) in the production process of the textile industry. The lean manufacturing system, which is developed to provide optimal service to customers, aims both to eliminate wastes in the process and to reduce the time to minimum including time between delivering and the product design stage. Within the scope of this study, the duration of lead time is reduced by eliminating non value added activities in the flow of process with value stream mapping method which is one of the lean manufacturing tools. In order to accomplish requested sustainability of well-disposed standard procedures, it is preferred to use MTM-UAS methodology in this study. An optimal operational procedure is recreated with the aid of MTM-UAS to standardize human body movements. In consequence of the study, production lead time was reduced, recovery at duration of value-added activities were observed, actual body movements were standardized and unnecessary and extra movements were eliminated by using value stream mapping tool and MTM-UAS in textile industry. As a result, it is observed that production lead time was reduced at the rate of %60 and also, duration of non-value-added activities was improved at the rate of 60%.

An innovative design of a hybrid chain coding algorithm for bi-level image compression using an agent-based modeling approach

In this article, the researcher introduces a hybrid chain code for shape encoding, as well as lossless and lossy bi-level image compression. The lossless and lossy mechanisms primarily depend on agent movements in a virtual world and are inspired by many agent-based models, including the Paths model, the Bacteria Food Hunt model, the Kermack–McKendrick model, and the Ant Colony model. These models influence the present technique in three main ways: the movements of agents in a virtual world, the directions of movements, and the paths where agents walk. The agent movements are designed, tracked, and analyzed to take advantage of the arithmetic coding algorithm used to compress the series of movements encountered by the agents in the system. For the lossless mechanism, seven movements are designed to capture all the possible directions of an agent and to provide more space savings after being encoded using the arithmetic coding method. The lossy mechanism incorporates the seven movements in the lossless algorithm along with extra modes, which allow certain agent movements to provide further reduction. Additionally, two extra movements that lead to more substitutions are employed in the lossless and lossy mechanisms. The empirical outcomes show that the present approach for bi-level image compression is robust and that compression ratios are much higher than those obtained by other methods, including JBIG1 and JBIG2, which are international standards in bi-level image compression. Additionally, a series of paired-samples t-tests reveals that the differences between the current algorithms’ results and the outcomes from all the other approaches are statistically significant.

التشوه المعرفی وعلاقته بتبسیط الأعمال المنزلیة لدى عینة من ربات الأسر

التشوه المعرفی وعلاقته بتبسیط الأعمال المنزلیة لدى عینة من ربات الأسر

Prolonging the response movement inhibits the feed-forward motor program in the sustained attention to response task

Despite widespread use in clinical and experimental contexts, debate continues over whether or not the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) successfully measures sustained attention. Altering physical aspects of the response movement required to SART stimuli may help identify whether performance is a better measure of perceptual decoupling, or response strategies and motor inhibition. Participants completed a SART where they had to manually move a mouse cursor to respond to stimuli, and another SART where this extra movement was not required, as in a typical SART. Additionally, stimuli were located at either a close or a far distance away. Commission errors were inversely related to distance in the manual movement condition, as the farther distance led to longer response times which gave participants more time to inhibit prepotent responses and thus prevent commission errors. Self-reported measures of mental demand and fatigue suggested there were no differences in mental demands between the manual and automatic condition; instead the differences were primarily in physical demands. No differences were found for task-unrelated thoughts between the manual and automatic condition. The movement effect combined with participants' subjective reports are evidence for time dependent action stopping, not greater cognitive engagement. These findings support a response strategy perspective as opposed to a perceptual decoupling perspective, and have implications for authors considering using the SART. Applied implications of this research are also discussed.

Ar neblaivus asmuo turi teisę valdyti autonominį automobilį?

Author analyzes whether an intoxicated person has the right to use an autonomous vehicle in the context of current laws and the duty of care. In the first part of the article, the author discusses the commonalities and unique features of an autonomous vehicle. Firstly, the article compares different types of autonomous vehicles, in order to determine the concept of this type of vehicle. It is established, that henceforth the author will only focus on a fully autonomous vehicle. Secondly, once it is established which autonomous vehicle level is going to be the main focus of this article, the article distinguishes the unique features of fully autonomous vehicle and its management features. The results showed that fully autonomous vehicles can be used in any kind of environment without any interaction of a person and is expected to provide extra movement of freedom for disabled people. Furthermore, it is not enough for an autonomous vehicle to simply work as intended. The autonomous system has to be the safety net and provide the redundancy. After identifying autonomous vehicle‘s unique features, the author analyses the development progress and forecast of laws in United States of America (hereinafter – USA) and European Union. The results show, that USA is one of the leading countries in autonomous vehicle development. The ability to enact separate laws from the federal government, allows states to try out different kind of laws in order to regulate autonomous vehicle use. Meanwhile, the European Union takes a more conservative approach, by undergoing various experiments and researches in order to ascertain the safety of autonomous vehicles. It is also established that in USA, the laws do not prohibit an intoxicated person from using an autonomous vehicles, meanwhile in European Union, due to the lack of laws, it is prohibited [...].

Anatomical Calibration through Post-Processing of Standard Motion Tests Data.

The inertial measurement unit is popularly used as a wearable and flexible tool for human motion tracking. Sensor-to-body alignment, or anatomical calibration (AC), is fundamental to improve accuracy and reliability. Current AC methods either require extra movements or are limited to specific joints. In this research, the authors propose a novel method to achieve AC from standard motion tests (such as walking, or sit-to-stand), and compare the results with the AC obtained from specially designed movements. The proposed method uses the limited acceleration range on medial-lateral direction, and applies principal component analysis to estimate the sagittal plane, while the vertical direction is estimated from acceleration during quiet stance. The results show a good correlation between the two sets of IMUs placed on frontal/back and lateral sides of head, trunk and lower limbs. Moreover, repeatability and convergence were verified. The AC obtained from sit-to-stand and walking achieved similar results as the movements specifically designed for upper and lower body AC, respectively, except for the feet. Therefore, the experiments without AC performed can be recovered through post-processing on the walking and sit-to-stand data. Moreover, extra movements for AC can be avoided during the experiment and instead achieved through the proposed method.

Transient crustal movement in the northern Izu–Bonin arc starting in 2004: A large slow slip event or a slow back-arc rifting event?

The Izu–Bonin arc lies along the convergent boundary where the Pacific Plate subducts beneath the Philippine Sea Plate. Horizontal velocities of continuous Global Navigation Satellite System stations on the Izu Islands move eastward by up to ~1cm/year relative to the stable part of the Philippine Sea Plate suggesting active back-arc rifting behind the northern part of the arc. Here, we report that such eastward movements transiently accelerated in the middle of 2004 resulting in ~3cm extra movements in 3years. We compare three different mechanisms possibly responsible for this transient movement, i.e. (1) postseismic movement of the 2004 September earthquake sequence off the Kii Peninsula far to the west, (2) a temporary activation of the back-arc rifting to the west dynamically triggered by seismic waves from a nearby earthquake, and (3) a large slow slip event in the Izu–Bonin Trench to the east. By comparing crustal movements in different regions, the first possibility can be shown unlikely. It is difficult to rule out the second possibility, but current evidence support the third possibility, i.e. a large slow slip event with moment magnitude of ~7.5 may have occurred there.

Investigation of Fatigability during Repetitive Robot-Mediated Arm Training in People with Multiple Sclerosis.

BackgroundPeople with multiple sclerosis (MS) are encouraged to engage in exercise programs but an increased experience of fatigue may impede sustained participation in training sessions. A high number of movements is, however, needed for obtaining optimal improvements after rehabilitation.MethodsThis cross-sectional study investigated whether people with MS show abnormal fatigability during a robot-mediated upper limb movement trial. Sixteen people with MS and sixteen healthy controls performed five times three minutes of repetitive shoulder anteflexion movements. Movement performance, maximal strength, subjective upper limb fatigue and surface electromyography (median frequency and root mean square of the amplitude of the electromyography (EMG) signal of the anterior deltoid) were recorded during or in-between these exercises. After fifteen minutes of rest, one extra movement bout was performed to investigate how rest influences performance.ResultsA fifteen minutes upper limb movement protocol increased the perceived upper limb fatigue and induced muscle fatigue, given a decline in maximal anteflexion strength and changes of both the amplitude and the median frequency of EMG the anterior deltoid. In contrast, performance during the 3 minutes of anteflexion movements did not decline. There was no relation between changes in subjective fatigue and the changes in the amplitude and the median frequency of the anterior deltoid muscle, however, there was a correlation between the changes in subjective fatigue and changes in strength in people with MS. People with MS with upper limb weakness report more fatigue due to the repetitive movements, than people with MS with normal upper limb strength, who are comparable to healthy controls. The weak group could, however, keep up performance during the 15 minutes of repetitive movements.Discussion and ConclusionAlbeit a protocol of repetitive shoulder anteflexion movements did not elicit a performance decline, fatigue feelings clearly increased in both healthy controls and people with MS, with the largest increase in people with MS with upper limb weakness. Objective fatigability was present in both groups with a decline in the muscle strength and increase of muscle fatigue, shown by changes in the EMG parameters. However, although weak people with multiple sclerosis experienced more fatigue, the objective signs of fatigability were less obvious in weak people with MS, perhaps because this subgroup has central limiting factors, which influence performance from the start of the movements.

A novel selective parallel disassembly planning method for green design

Disassembly sequence planning methods play an important role in green design. They are used to remove parts for repair, reuse, remanufacturing, or recycling. However, sequential disassembly removes parts one at a time. Therefore, sequential disassembly uses extra movements and extra reorientations to remove parts. Furthermore, the sequential disassembly cannot be used to remove parts that are interlocked or occluded. As a result, sequential disassembly cannot be used for many types of designs. The goal of this study is to create a novel selective parallel disassembly planning method for green design. The method uses modular design theory to group parts into modules, uses recursive rules to remove selected modules, thereby removes parts in parallel, and therefore reduces the number of movements and reorientations needed to remove parts. Furthermore, selective parallel disassembly can be used to remove parts that are interlocked or occluded. As a result, the method can be used for most types of designs. Study results show that the method can be used to reduce disassembly steps, disassembly time, and energy use, and therefore reduce environmental impacts and increase environmental quality.

The use of gesture following traumatic brain injury: a preliminary analysis

Background: Gesture and its effects on speech production has been a topic of interest, especially in studies of individuals with language impairment. Research on word retrieval in participants with aphasia has demonstrated increased gesture or coverbal movement during confrontation naming tasks or spontaneous conversation. Although word retrieval difficulties are also prevalent following traumatic brain injury (TBI), comparatively little research has been published with regard to gesture in the population with TBI.Aims: The current study aimed to investigate the nature and pattern of gestures in individuals with TBI and to compare these to gestures produced by healthy adults.Methods & Procedures: Gestural performance of 30 participants with TBI was analysed in comparison with 32 controls with no history of brain injury during the Test of Adolescent/Adult Word Finding (TAWF). The groups were compared on the frequency, type or pattern, and handedness of gesture.Outcomes & Results: Individuals with TBI produced gestures and coverbal movements (auxiliary or extra movements unrelated to speech) approximately three times more frequently than the control participants on the TAWF. Both the groups employed iconic gesture most frequently, and pointing was frequently demonstrated by individuals with TBI, but not utilised by healthy adults. Finally, a significant difference in hand preference for gesture was revealed. While the control group demonstrated a right hand preference, there was no clear hand preference in the group with TBI.Conclusions: Individuals with TBI demonstrated significantly greater gestural usage compared to healthy adults. The current data offer preliminary patterns of gestural use following TBI. However, the role of facilitation remains unclear. It is possible that gestures facilitate word retrieval, or perhaps they are employed to resolve a word retrieval block.

Image‐sensing enabled augmented reality for perceived exertion and cardiorespiratory endurance

The global problem of students' health deterioration has been identified worldwide and the condition is becoming seriously dangerous in many industrial nations where students are under huge pressure for performance. One practical solution to this menacing problem is to enhance the classes by injecting extra movements into the existing lectures by making a better use of computer technology in the form of integrating the augmented reality (AR) through an image-sensing system to engage the students' dynamics. The authors' tests provide extensive measurement results, but here they present those related to the use of the new technology mainly in connection with studying the impact of AR on user perception, namely perceived exertion (PRE), and the physical fitness indicator, cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE). In this study, using the computer technology in the form of AR interacting with images, the authors study the impact of AR and report their experimental measurement results for PRE and CRE as two main factors of students' physical fitness. In connection with the PRE statistical data, the CRE results for over 364 students show significant improvements in some exercises more than others.