Extra Funding Research Articles

Tier 2 adult weight management services in the UK: A case study evaluation of local authority provision of targeted services for higher-risk groups in England.

In 2021, the UK Government announced additional funding in England for Adult Weight Management Services (AWMS); it was specified that the extra funding must be used to commission or extend existing tier 2 services. The Office for Health Improvement and Disparities encouraged commissioners to prioritise services for higher-risk groups such as those with learning disabilities, severe mental illness, people from minority ethnic groups, those living in deprived areas and men. To better understand the findings from previous survey work and to explore the implementation of targeted services in greater depth, we undertook a multiple case study comprising eight tier 2 adult weight management service providers and 35 individual stakeholder interviewees. Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research as an interview guide and in data analysis, we determined key enablers and barriers to successful service provision and programme implementation. Good practice for successful AWMS provision for higher-risk groups includes, having an existing programme in place that can be adapted, ensuring adequate time for programme development/implementation, having good existing networks/partnerships, collaborative working and putting the target group at the heart of any intervention. The findings from this work provide practical recommendations for policy and practice when targeting tier 2 services for higher-risk groups.

Auctioning Long-Term Projects under Financial Constraints

Abstract We consider a procurement auction for the provision of a basic service to which an add-on must later be appended. Potential providers are symmetric, have private information on their cost for the basic service and the winning firm must also implement the add-on. To finance value-enhancing activities related to the add-on, this firm may need extra funding by outside financiers. Non-verifiable effort related to these activities creates a moral hazard problem which makes the firm’s payoff function for the second period concave in returns over the relevant range. Concavity has two effects. First, it makes it more attractive to backload payments to facilitate information revelation. Second, uncertainty on the cost of the add-on introduces a background risk which requires a risk premium. In this context, we characterize the optimal intertemporal structure of payments to the winning firm, equilibrium bidding behavior and reserve prices for a first-price auction.

Navigating the complex policy landscape for carbon farming in The Netherlands and the EU

Background The EU carbon removal and carbon farming (CRCF) framework sets the quality requirements for voluntary greenhouse gas certification schemes for i) permanent removal, ii) temporary carbon storage in long-lasting products, iii) temporary carbon storage from carbon farming, and iv) soil emission reduction. The next step is to develop “tailored certification methodologies for different types of carbon removal activities.” Via CRCF compliant certification schemes, certificates can be issued and sold to generate extra funding for carbon farming via voluntary carbon markets or other (future) performance-based incentive schemes (e.g., Agri sector Emissions Trading Scheme). Method We provide a qualitative assessment of the complex landscape of carbon farming incentive schemes and their associated monitoring, reporting, verification, and certification (MRV-C) frameworks. To illustrate these complexities, we take the farmers’ perspective of a Dutch dairy farmer that wants to implement different carbon farming activities (i.e., a portfolio), while aiming to secure a decent farm-level income. We discuss the farmers’ challenge by analyzing different options and routes for the financial valorization for several carbon farming activities. Results We find that the incremental MRV-C and incentive schemes, like the EU CRCF and potential agri-ETS are likely to add to the existing administrative burden for (carbon) farmers in the EU. Proper alignment, integration and standardization of the EU CRCF with existing MRV-C infrastructure(s) is needed to limit the administrative burden and transaction costs. Also, there is a need to provide better ex-ante clarity to (carbon) farmers and investors on the complementarity of incentive schemes from different policy domains (e.g., agriculture, climate, energy, bioeconomy). Conclusion We argue that the complexity of the MRV-C and incentives landscape ads to the administrative burden and flag this a potential source of inertia for investments in carbon farming. We conclude with recommendations to simplify and streamline the policy mix and MRV-C processes.

Evaluation the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka Programme in Indonesia:

This study aims to evaluate the MBKM (Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka) Programme in Indonesia, describe sustainability, and challenges in implementing the programme. This research uses descriptive qualitative research by utilising data sources from books, articles, and related journals. The data collection technique was carried out by reviewing and analysing documents from several universities that have implemented the programme. The result of this study is that the universities that became the sample in the evaluation of MBKM implementation did not all implement the programme. Although there are universities that implement the programme, the percentage is still low. Therefore, universities need to do several things to improve it: 1) socialisation and inspire/motivate students to get involved in the programme. One of the strategies that can be anticipated to overcome the difficulties in producing outcomes that are aware of scientific and technological advances and able to compete in global progress is to design programme policies; 2) involve cooperation with several partners outside the college to equip students with MBKM programme experiences that are in accordance with student preferences; 3) colleges need to pay attention to the interests of students in implementing MBKM programmes, especially internship programmes that require extra funds. In addition, to support this programme, it is necessary to innovate learning models, collaborate with partners outside the campus, and adjust the study programme curriculum to be more adaptive in preparing graduates for the world of work.

The Unforeseen Costs of Medical Education.

Financial burdens of medical education are a major barrier for many students. The goal of this study is to identify and quantify unforeseen costs associated with being a medical student. Medical students at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center were surveyed on unforeseen financial costs. Qualitative data were collected. Students spent significant extra funds in professional development, social spending, living, and technology. Schools and students should consider all aspects of life to have a fruitful education and appropriately provide loan funding and financial education for both enough and thoughtful use of financial resources during medical education.

Analisis Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Guna Mengembangkan Usaha Mikro,Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) dalam Etika Keuangan

Micro, small, and medium-sized financial reporting (UMKM) can build confidence and credibility in external actors, such as banks, investors, and governments, so that they can acquire the working capital and investment they need to thrive and thrive. If financial statements exist, they can serve as a "test tool" for accounting functions, but over time, financial reports become the basis for determining or evaluating the financial position of an UMKM. Financial statements can also be used to assess the performance of a UMKM or to measure the ability of the UMKM to meet its obligations in the short and long term.This writing uses qualitative research methods that involve data collection based on in-depth searches of literature and library sources. Data is collected from reports, textbooks, academic journals, and related articles.The preparation of accurate financial statements and in accordance with the principles of financial ethics is an important step in the development of UMKM. With clear and accurate data, business owners can find improvements such as cost management and improved operational efficiency. It helps in better decision-making, which can increase the profitability and sustainability of UMKM. Focus on developing responsible financial management practices, such as prudent use of funds and transparency. UMKM can build a strong and sustainable reputation by paying attention to social and environmental aspects. In order to support business growth and overall progress, the financial reporting process must be continuously improved to comply with the principles of financial ethics.Good reputation and trust are the key to getting extra funding.

Curriculum leadership of cross-curricular teaching in lower secondary school – the Finnish principal as a mediator

ABSTRACT The study contributes to the nascent field of principals’ curriculum leadership of cross-curricular teaching. While principals’ curriculum leadership is often mentioned as a precondition when implementing cross-curricular teaching, it is a role rarely explored. This qualitative study examined Finnish Lower Secondary School (grades 7–9) principals’ experiences implementing cross-curricular teaching. Finnish principals are granted significant professional autonomy and trust from the curriculum and society. However, the latest national curriculum reform (2014) mandates them to implement cross-curricular teaching, providing only general guidelines and no extra funding or resources. Interviews with six principals were analysed hermeneutically to understand how they mediated within and between internal (e.g. faculty) and external (e.g. curriculum) demands. Non-affirmative education theory informed the analysis exploring curriculum leadership’s multi-level, interpersonal and mediating aspects. The implications are that principals’ curriculum leadership means complex mediation between affirmation and non-affirmation while considering epistemic practices (e.g. work agreements, teaching practices) and values (e.g. teacher autonomy). Collaboration on several educational levels (faculty, municipality) may support principals’ curriculum leadership when organizing new pedagogical practices, interpreting the curriculum, and evaluating student learning.

An Exploration of the Driving Factors Behind Trade Protectionism

Given the thought experiment of David Friedman questioning the legitimacy of protectionism of international trade, this paper provides several determining factors contributing to protectionism in different dimensions: the profusion of infant industries lack the capability of achieving economics of scale, failing to compete directly with foreign mature sectors; indirect tax revenue like tariff could provide an extra fund for local government, and salvage of declining industries guarantees employment rate; and imposing protection policies could also be deems as unavoidable strategy when there is a politic competition. Overall, this paper outlines different logic reasonings behind the imposition of international trade protectionism policy. It is concluded that even though imposing international trade protectionist policy has detrimental impacts on both sides, there are still a bunch of ones exist served for political purposes other than economic considerations in the forms of trade war, high tariffs and certain quota , science and technology sanctions, etc.

The Impact of ESG Disclosure on the Corporate Value of Automobile Industry: Evidence from China

From the ESG ratings information on A-share listed automotive businesses published from 2018 to 2022, regression analyses using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method were carried out for this company. The study explores how ESG disclosure affects business value in the car sector and experimentally examines the regression model. The study's conclusions show a strong positive influence between ESG disclosure and the worth of enterprises in the automotive sector. Therefore, the financial investment market supports companies with more ESG disclosure more strongly than those with lesser transparency. Through the correlation analysis, it is found that financial leverage and ESG are in negative influence, companies with more financial leverage will use their debt capital more frequently, and they can use lower costs to obtain funds for financial investment and ESG activities, which will increase the return on investment. However, businesses in poor financial condition do not have extra funds to care about ESG related operations. The body of information on ESG in the automobile industry is enriched by this study. It also discusses the effect of business profitability on ESG activities.

Expectations of general practitioners on a practice based research network in Germany- a qualitative study within the Bavarian Research Practice Network (BayFoNet)

BackgroundDespite general practitioners' (GPs') key role in Germany`s primary health care, clinical research in general practice is scarce. Clinical research is mainly conducted at inpatient facilities, although their results are rarely transferable. German GPs have no extra time or funding for research, as well as limited research training. To support clinical research in German primary health care, practice-based research networks (PBRNs) are developed. As they will be based on an active involvement of GPs, we need more information on GPs` participation-readiness. The aim of this study was to explore facilitators and barriers to participation in the Bavarian Research Practice Network (BayFoNet) from the GPs`perspective before clinical trials will be performed.MethodsWe have performed semi-structured qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of 20 Bavarian GPs in 2022 under the application of the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR). Transcriptions were analysed according to Kuckartz` qualitative content analysis. The five domains of the CFIR framework served as initial deductive codes.ResultsN = 14 interviewees already agreed to participate in BayFoNet, whereas n = 6 interviewees opted not to participate in BayFoNet at the time of data collection. Main facilitators to conduct clinical research within BayFoNet were the motivation to contribute to evidence strength and quality in general practice, professional development and training of practice staff, as well as networking. Barriers for an active participation were bad experiences with previous clinical studies and lack of resources.ConclusionsPBRNS in Germany have to be promoted and the entire practice team has to be involved at an early stage of development. Professional training of general practice staff and a living network might enhance engagement. Participatory approaches could help to develop acceptable and feasible study designs. Furthermore, PBRNs should support patient recruitment and data collection in general practices and disseminate the results of their research projects regularly to maintain GPs` engagement.Trial registrationDRKS00028805, NCT05667207.

FINANCIAL OUTSOURCING IN THE ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FISCAL REVENUE MANAGEMENT

Despite changes in regulatory policy, greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere have not decreased. A methodology for the search and selection of sources of financing for activities to combat climate change is proposed. The basis of the research methodology is the bibliometric and predictive analysis of the generated databases. It is proposed to use not only environmental tax revenues but also other sources of financing as part of mixed capital. It was revealed that the dynamics of environmental tax revenues are inferior to the dynamics of total tax revenues in GDP. The largest share of environmental taxes belongs to transport and energy taxes. The use of logical and predictive research approaches demonstrated that environmental revenues were insufficient and that extra funding and financial outsourcing were required for climate change activities. As a result of the correlation analysis, the most significant environmental revenues were for the following countries: France (0.981), Belgium (0.976), Greece (0.976), Austria (0.972), and Portugal (0.969). A negative Pearson correlation coefficient occurred for the countries: Denmark (-0.040), and Sweden (-0.101). To increase the significance of the coefficient, it is proposed to change the elements of environmental taxes in these countries. An outsourcer providing financial services to clients forms a regional environmental financial system. This will increase the rate of capital turnover and reduce the need for capital. The outsourcer will reduce "cash gaps" by promptly attracting financial tools and financial management techniques, accelerate the turnover period of mixed capital, and boost the effectiveness of managing environmental tax revenues.

Teaching and Trainings for Professional Learning of English Teachers

Teachers are the change agents of the society and nation and they always have to update themselves with the changes in time, technology and situation. They have to learn all the time. Many teachers are not aware of the teacher learning processes and they are not aware of the various opportunities of teacher learning and professional development. Teacher professional development is not just the product of formal teacher trainings organized by the authorities outside but a product of continuous teaching learning activities of the teachers themselves. The study was conducted by purposively selecting 30 secondary school English teachers of Rupandehi District using a set of questionnaires. This article aims at analysing the teachers' views regarding how teaching and trainings help their professional learning and tries to highlight some of the most common and useful strategies for the process of teacher learning and teachers’ professional development. As most of the strategies presented below do not cost extra fund to apply in the day to day life, the teachers need to use these activities in their day to day life so that they can improve their practices which will ultimately improve the education. It was found that the teachers were not much aware of the fact that they can learn much by teaching and they can develop their practices of teaching through teacher trainings they attended. Not only this, the teachers were found to be not much willing for their professional development as well.

Measurement of multidimensional reconstruction fund planning on the effectiveness of urban post-disaster recovery and reconstruction using indirect economic impact

An increasing number of record-breaking extreme precipitation events worldwide has had an incalculable socioeconomic impact, challenging the ability of cities to recover and reconstruct after disasters. The key to the effectiveness of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction lies in the rational investment and allocation of reconstruction funds. However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of reconstruction fund planning in improving urban recovery and reconstruction from a post-disaster indirect economic loss assessment perspective. This study uses an improved input-output model to evaluate the degree of change in indirect economic losses under multidimensional reconstruction fund planning (funds' amount, the time efficiency of investment, and funds allocation) to measure the effectiveness. We exemplify this through a case study: a record-breaking extreme urban flood and its reconstruction planning occurred in Henan Province, China, in July 2021. The results indicate that (1) under the premise of ensuring sufficient financial input, improving the input time efficiency is a decision with a higher benefit-cost ratio, which can improve the effectiveness by 140%. (2) If funds are guaranteed, improving time efficiency is better than adding extra funds, and when both reach 80%, additional funds may not further improve the effectiveness. (3) The funds need to meet at least the recovery production needs (about 45% of direct economic losses); otherwise, the funds cannot be used to improve fortifications. The study results will provide theoretical and practical support for urban decision-makers to develop efficient and rational recovery and reconstruction programs.

Economic Performance of Fiscal anti-Poverty Funds in China

In 2013, China launched her targeted poverty alleviation, and a large amount of fiscal anti-poverty funds have been invested. However, whether the enormous fiscal anti-poverty funds have had a positive impact on the local economy has been ambiguous. This study investigates the impact of fiscal anti-poverty funds on local economic growth, drawing on Chinese fiscal data at the county level. Our results indicate that fiscal anti-poverty funds are not conducive to local economic growth. Further analysis reveals that anti-poverty funds reduce fiscal support for the service industry, manufacturing industry, enterprise development, and technical innovation. This is because impoverished counties are forced to supply extra fiscal anti-poverty funds, which leads to compression of fiscal expenditures in other areas due to local deficient finance.

Sector hopes updated sufficiency rules will boost access to services

Revised government guidance on assessment and delivery of council youth work aims to make it clearer what level of provision is needed, but experts warn little will change if it is not backed with extra funding

How finance-based interventions can improve attainment at school for disadvantaged students: a review of international evidence

ABSTRACT The challenge of improving attainment in schools has been a longstanding issue, particularly in developing countries. This paper uses a structured review to examine causal evidence from research worldwide on the impact of finance-based interventions, including extra funding for school places, cash transfers and incentives to improve attainment in schools. The best evidence suggests that monetary incentives paid directly to students or families are the most effective strategy for raising attainment in less developed school systems. However, cash incentives may not be as effective in developed countries, where they are more useful for changing behaviour, such as completing homework, or attending classes, but not for improving attainment. This may be because students in developed countries already know how to complete homework, but may not know how to improve their test scores. The evidence for other approaches is less clear due to the lack of strong research in those areas.

Impact of Constitution Policy of Project Management Committee on Performance of County Government-Funded Boreholes in Igembe North Sub-County

Different oversight and implementation challenges have led to the failure of borehole projects in Meru County in the recent past, hence leading to the sourcing of extra funding and technical expertise to achieve the desired results. This research sought to assess the project Management committee’s effect on the performance of County Government funded boreholes in the Igembe North Sub- County of Meru County. The findings of this research will be of use to stakeholders such as National and devolved governments, NGOs, and other government agencies. In an aspect of the study methodology, a descriptive research design was adopted. The research targeted a population of 181 borehole committee members and a sample size of 100 drawn from 25 borehole committees across the five wards in the Igembe North sub-county. Data was gathered using research questionnaires and interview guides. Data analysis was guided by the use of SPSS for the calculation of frequencies, standard deviations, means as well as percentages. The study established that having and adhering to the constitution, membership of water management experts, the committee being reliable, and the link between the committee and community are moderate contributors to the performance of County Government funded boreholes in Igembe North Sub-County. Regarding the constitutional policy of project management committees, borehole management committees should ensure that they have a defined constitution in place to guide the selection of members and operations effectively. For enhanced outcomes of borehole projects, the study recommends training in advanced water management and monitoring and evaluation. This should be initiated by first developing training manuals for borehole management committees.

국내거주 MZ세대 외국인의 투자선호 특성

This study aims to examine the investment preference characteristics of MZ generation foreigners in Korea through empirical analysis. The survey period was conducted online and offline for about 60 days from March 01, 2022 to April 30, 2022. For the analysis of the collected data, descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 23.0, and the results are as follows. First they preferred residential and Seoul areas the most when investing in Korean real estate. Second, they tended to invest in real estate in the area where they lived.Second, they highly tended to invest in the area where they live. Third, it was found that the longer they lived in Korea, the more they acquired residential real estate beyond the restrictions, such as understanding the language and systems in Korea. Fourth, they will become active market participants in real estate investment in Korea once they have extra funds for investment. It is hoped that the results of this study will be used as basic data for the efficient development of foreign-related industries by the government and local governments as well as the preparation of balanced policies for Koreans and foreigners in line with the changes of the times.

PROVISION OF CREDIT FACILITIES TO SUBSIDIARIES BY THE PARENT COMPANY IN VENTURE CAPITAL COMPANIES

The Governmentin developing and improving companies in BUMN by establishing several stategies, one of which is in the form of a BUMN Holding Company which has a strategy in a corporation, in which companies in the context of BUMN Holding are engagend in the same business activities, under one holding company that oversees the companies. Through a holding company is considered to provide more economic benefits compared to a single company. The parent company's business activities will usually determine the type of business license that must be fulfilled by the parent company. One of the BUMN holding companies that becomes a financing institution in increasing added value in a sustainable manner for Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises and Cooperatives (UMKMK) which is based on the principles of good corporate governance (GCG) or good corporate governance. The method of research is normative legal research. Result of the research is during the Covid-19 pandemic, of course, extra funds were needed to meet the company's finances where subsudiaries experienced delays in making loans due to the Covid -19 pandemic, so subsidiaries needed to borrow funds from the holding company.

‘Parentbot – A Digital healthcare Assistant (PDA)’: A mobile application-based perinatal intervention for parents: Development study

ObjectiveTo describe the development procedure of a mobile application-based parenting support program with integrated chatbot features entitled Parentbot – a Digital healthcare Assistant (PDA) for multi-racial Singaporean parents across the perinatal period. MethodsThe PDA development process was guided by the combined information systems research framework with design thinking modes, and Tuckman’s model of team development. A user acceptability testing (UAT) process was conducted among 11 adults of child-bearing age. Feedback was obtained using a custom-made evaluation form and the 26-item User Experience Questionnaire. ResultsThe combined information systems research framework with design thinking modes helped researchers to successfully create a PDA prototype based on end-users’ needs. Results from the UAT process indicated that the PDA provided participants with an overall positive user experience. Feedback gathered from UAT participants was used to enhance the PDA. ConclusionAlthough the effectiveness of the PDA in improving parental outcomes during the perinatal period is still being evaluated, this paper highlights the key details of developing a mobile application-based parenting intervention which future studies could learn from. Practice implicationsHaving carefully planned timelines with margins of delays, extra funds to resolve technical issues, team cohesion, and an experienced leader can facilitate intervention development.