Extinction Index Research Articles

스마트팩토리 언론 보도 동향 분석

스마트팩토리 언론 보도 동향 분석

Stationary distribution and extinction of an HCV transmission model with protection awareness and environmental fluctuations

Stationary distribution and extinction of an HCV transmission model with protection awareness and environmental fluctuations

지방소멸의 심화가 사회적경제 의존성에 미치는 영향 분석 - 감마 회귀 모형을 활용한 시군구 수준의 분석

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze whether the degree of regional extinction intensifies dependency on the social economy. To achieve the purpose of the study, local municipalities in South Korea are utilized as the units of analysis. The dependent variables are proxy indicators measuring dependency on the social economy, while the main independent variable is the regional extinction index. Furthermore, to measure dependency on the social economy, this study utilizes the location quotient, which compares the proportion of the number of corporations, sales, and jobs created by the social economy within the municipality to national levels. Empirical results using gamma regression models indicate that in models where the number of corporations LQ and total sales LQ are set as dependent variables, an increase in extinction risk is associated with increased dependency on the social economy. However, no significant effects is observed in the model where job LQ is the dependent variable.

Effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on fear extinction and sleep phase in single prolonged stress mice

To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on fear extinction and sleep phase in single prolonged stress (SPS) mice, and explore its mechanism in view of the expression of relevant synaptic proteins. Thirty-two C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, an EA group and a paroxetine (PRX) group, with 8 mice in each one. Modified SPS method was used to establish PTSD model in the model group, the EA group and the PRX group. Seven days after modeling completion, in the EA group, the intervention was delivered at "Baihui" (GV 20) and bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36), with disperse-dense wave, 3 Hz/15 Hz in frequency and 1 mA in current intensity, for 30 min. In the PRX group, paroxetine solution (2.5 g/L) was administered intragastrically (10 mg/kg). The intervention was given once daily and for consecutive 10 days in the above two groups. The fear conditioning task and the elevated plus-maze test were adopted to evaluate the fear extinction and anxiety of the mice in each group. Using Medusa electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) recording system from rats and mice, the sleep phase was determined in the mice. With Western blot method adopted, the protein expression of the postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 2A (GluN2A), N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 2B (GluN2B) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor 1 (GluA1) in the hippocampus was detected in the mice. Compared with the control group, the freezing time for the fear re-exposure in 3 min to 15 min and the fear extinction in 0 min to 3 min were prolonged (P<0.05), the fear extinction index decreased (P<0.05), and the open arm time (OT) of the elevated plus-maze was shortened (P<0.05) in the model group. When compared with the model group, in the EA group and the PRX group, the freezing time for the fear re-exposure in 3 min to 6 min and 12 min to 15 min, as well as the fear extinction in 0 min to 3 min was shortened (P<0.05), the fear extinction index increased (P<0.05); the OT in elevated plus-maze was longer in the mice of the EA group (P<0.05). The period of wake (Wake) was prolonged (P<0.05), the non-rapid eye movement period (NREM) and the total sleep time (Sleep) were reduced in the model group (P<0.05) in comparison with the control group. Compared with the model group, the Wake was declined (P<0.05), and the NREM and Sleep increased in the EA group and the PRX group (P<0.05). When compared with the control group, the protein expression of PSD95, ARC, BDNF, GluN2A and GluA1 in the hippocampus decreased (P<0.05), and that of GluN2B increased (P<0.05) in the model group. In the EA group and the PRX group, the protein expression of PSD95, ARC, BDNF, GluN2A and GluA1 in the hippocampus was elevated (P<0.05), and that of GluN2B reduced (P<0.05) when compared with the model group. Electroacupuncture at "Baihui" (GV 29) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) can ameliorate anxiety-like behavior, fear extinction disorder and abnormal sleep phase in SPS mice, which may be related to the regulation of synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity expression in the hippocampus.

Analysis of the cultivation of canola hybrids at different sowing dates

Rich in oil and protein, canola is a significantly promising crop and is widely explored as an alternative to grain cultivation in the winter period. Recently, canola oil has been largely consumed due to a variety of health benefits and low production costs. Nonetheless, impasses such as determining the correct sowing date and optimizing harvesting methods make it difficult to expand cultivation. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the performance of two canola hybrids on three sowing dates and distinct harvesting procedures. The study was conducted in Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, on three sowing dates (2019, 2020, and 2021), with two hybrids (Hyola 433 and Hyola 575 CL). The methods of direct harvesting, direct harvesting with the application of adjuvant, cut-row, and cut-row with the application of adjuvant were evaluated. The main yield components were determined, in addition to biochemical parameters, such as oil and protein content and determination of oil quality (acid, peroxide, iodine, extinction, and saponification indices). Appropriately, this study indicated that canola is significantly sensitive to climatic conditions, mainly to temperature and sowing time, reducing grain and biomass yield in late sowing and resulting in serious harvest losses. Oil and grain protein contents were affected by climatic conditions. Nevertheless, the protein content was not affected by late sowing. Canola oil presented significant chemical conditions, with a correlation between the crops with higher oil yield and better oil quality.

Online testing of extinction method of high-pressure natural gas oil mist based on light extinction

Abstract This paper proposes a theoretical model and scheme for accurately measuring droplet concentration in high-pressure natural gas environments, aiming for precise, online measurement of lubricating oil mist. The model integrates droplet behavior, light extinction properties of the medium, and pressure, using the light extinction method. It applies the Debye Series Expansion of Mie scattering to improve the light extinction coefficient for mediums such as lubricating oil particles. Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy is used to calculate the extinction index of natural gas at different pressures. The study innovates by replacing the traditional parallel light path with a non-parallel path that focuses the light beam, countering beam diameter expansion due to gas pressure. Empirical testing shows the method’s accuracy in online oil mist testing under 10 MPa pressure, with less than 5% error compared to offline methods. This work paves the way for future high-pressure gas particle monitoring, particularly in the oil and natural gas sector.

Optical characteristics of synthetic Cu2+ complex films derived from 4-chloro-N-(3-(hydroxyimino) butan-2-ylidene) benzohydrazide for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications

Optical characteristics of synthetic Cu2+ complex films derived from 4-chloro-N-(3-(hydroxyimino) butan-2-ylidene) benzohydrazide for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications

Nature‐Inspired Halide Perovskite Breath Figures: Unleashing Enhanced Light‐Matter Interaction

AbstractHalide perovskites offer a transformative potential for optoelectronics through tailoring the light‐matter interactions at the nanoscale. However, their susceptibility to environmental factors and limited compatibility with standard lithography techniques present significant challenges in precise nanopatterning. This work unveils a nature‐inspired breath figures (BFs) approach to pattern halide perovskites and enhancing their optoelectronic performance. The fabrication of BFs based on BiI3 allows for changes in nanopore size (ranging from 247 to 423 nm) and their distribution. Subsequently, these BiI3 BFs are transformed into hybrid halide MA3Bi2I9 BFs using a vapor‐assisted technique while retaining the nanoporous topology of the BiI3 structure. The resultant MA3Bi2I9 BFs show significantly enhanced light absorption compared to conventional thin films, attributed to the increased extinction and lower refractive index. The optoelectronic performance of the MA3Bi2I9 BFs is showcased by constructing a photodetector, which exhibits three orders of magnitude higher responsivity and detectivity, up to 1 AW−1 and 1.3 × 1012 Jones, respectively, outperforming the photodetectors based on solution‐processed A3B2I9 halide perovskite thin films. The BFs method provides flexibility in tuning nanoscale morphology, showcasing its potential in advancing lead‐free optoelectronics and paving the way for next‐generation optoelectronic devices.

Unmet healthcare needs and the local extinction index: an analysis of regional disparities impacting South Korea's older adults.

This study examines the factors affecting unmet healthcare experiences by integrating individual-and community-level extinction indices. Using spatial autocorrelation and multilevel modeling, the study utilizes data from the Community Health Survey and Statistics Korea for 218 local government regions from 2018 to 2019. The analysis identifies significant clustering, particularly in non-metropolitan regions with a higher local extinction index. At the individual level, some factors affect unmet medical needs, and unmet healthcare needs increase as the local extinction index at the community level increases. The findings underscore the need for strategic efforts to enhance regional healthcare accessibility, particularly for vulnerable populations and local infrastructure development.

Regional disparities in health literacy for chronic diseases: focusing on healthcare resources and local extinction index.

This study compared disparities between community health characteristics and health literacy levels for hypertension and diabetes by combining community-level characteristics, such as the local extinction index and healthcare resources, with individual-level characteristics based on the Andersen healthcare utilization model. Data obtained from the 2017, 2019, and 2021 Community Health Surveys, Korean Statistical Information Service, and National Health Insurance Service were analyzed. The analyses included spatial analysis, propensity score matching, and cross-analysis. Twenty-five extinction-risk regions (ERRs) were identified in 2017, 26 in 2019, and 29 in 2021, indicating a high risk of extinction and insufficient healthcare resources in non-metropolitan regions. Based on analyses of demographic changes and unmet medical needs at the individual level, we observed increased age and economic activity, decreased healthcare access, and lower education levels in ERRs compared to non-extinction-risk regions (NERRs). No significant differences were found between the regions regarding diagnosis or medication use concerning the health literacy gap for hypertension and diabetes. However, individuals in ERRs were significantly less likely than those in NERRs to be aware of such diseases or educated about their management. Given that healthcare services in ERRs focus on chronic disease management rather than prevention, we propose two directions to reduce health disparities in ERRs. First, the government should encourage cooperation with private healthcare organizations to ensure the provision of health education programs in vulnerable areas. Second, improvements in awareness and education regarding chronic disease management can be achieved through digital healthcare and telemedicine. This study identifies regional disparities in chronic disease prevention and management, providing a basis for policies to ensure healthier communities with health equity.

Particle Size Inversion from Spectrally Resolved Full-Field Forward Scattering.

Ensemble particle sizing has traditionally relied on inversion of extinction measurements for the characterization of the particle size distribution (PSD) in particulate media. However, particulate media induce complex phase changes that contain valuable information about their structure. Here, we propose the use of coherent detection to derive particle size distributions in inhomogeneous samples from light scattering. This is achieved by exploiting THz waves, which allow for both extinction and refractive index information to be directly retrieved. A modified version of the iterative Twomey method is presented in order to take into account this information. Additionally, by using a forward model based on the Waterman-Truell formula for the complex refractive index, samples with absorption in both the matrix medium and the particulate phase can be measured. The inversion needs neither a priori assumptions nor constraints regarding the PSD shape. Numerical simulations show that this full-field approach reduces the error of the inversion process potentially up to 65% compared with inversion using only extinction data. Experimental validation of the technique is provided by measuring calibrated spherical glass particles inside a PTFE matrix and retrieving the PSD in the case of monodisperse and polydisperse samples showing an enhancement of up to 32% in comparison to inversion from extinction data.

인구통계학적 지표를 활용한 지방의 소멸위험 예측모형 개발

The domestic population continues to decline, and has experienced three population cliffs since 1980, and the total fertility rate is 0.84 as of 2020, and ultra-low fertility continues. In addition, the recent transfer of local populations to the metropolitan area has reached a serious level in which young people, who play a central role in local economic activities, are concentrated in the metropolitan area. Accordingly, various local extinction indexes are being developed to set the direction of appropriate policies for the region and efficiently measure the degree of local extinction risk in the region, but critics say that the local extinction index developed so far does not reflect social population movement. Therefore, in this study, a new local extinction prediction model, including social mobility that can supplement the limitations of previous studies, was established, focusing on demographic characteristics, which are the core of the existing local extinction index model, and the following conclusions were drawn. Basic local governments in the metropolitan area are on the decline in Seoul, but Gyeonggi-do and Incheon are stable due to the influx of young people. In the case of the metropolitan area, some basic local governments at risk of extinction appeared in Busan and Daegu, and in most of the provincial areas, the risk of extinction was found to be very serious. In Gangwon-do, the outflow of youth population was found to have a severe difference between basic local governments, and in Chungbuk, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam, Gyeongbuk, and Gyeongnam, the aging of the population had a more serious impact on the disappearance than the outflow of youth population.

Surface engineering of lead-free two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite by laser interference lithography

Surface engineering of lead-free two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite by laser interference lithography

Empirical assessment of species vulnerability for biodiversity conservation: A case study on Chalan beel of Bangladesh

Empirical assessment of species vulnerability for biodiversity conservation: A case study on Chalan beel of Bangladesh

Optical and Mechanical Properties of Thin PTFE Films, Deposited from a Gas Phase

AbstractThin polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films are produced by deposition from a gas phase by two methods: electron‐enhanced vacuum deposition (EVD) and EVD + low‐temperature plasma (LTP). Structure, morphology, and composition of the films are studied by IR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. They are close to the structure of bulk PTFE. The roughness of the films’ surface is changed with gas pressure and LTP power variations. Films are transparent from UV to near‐infrared regions. Refractive and extinction indices and their anisotropy are measured by spectral ellipsometry. They are tuned by variations of deposition conditions. Hardness and Young modulus of the films are increased if EVD + low power LTP is used for film deposition. Use of EVD + LTP also increases thermal stability of the films. Contact angle of the films corresponds to the bulk PTFE. The PTFE molecules oriented are preferentially in perpendicular direction to the substrate surface.

Method for measuring the extinction coefficient of fluorescing media within the emission band.

We propose and test a method for determining a fluorescent medium's absorption or extinction index while it is fluorescing. The method uses an optical arrangement that records changes in fluorescence intensity at a fixed viewing angle as a function of the angle of incidence of an excitation light beam. We tested the proposed method on polymeric films doped with Rhodamine 6G (R6G). We found a strong anisotropy in the fluorescence emission and, thus, limited the method to TE-polarized excitation light. The method proposed is model dependent, and we provide a simplified model for its use in this work. We report the extinction index of the fluorescing samples at a selected wavelength within the emission band of the fluorophore R6G. We found that the extinction index at the emission wavelengths in our samples is appreciably larger than the extinction index at the excitation wavelength, which is the opposite of what one might expect from measuring the absorption spectrum of the medium with a spectrofluorometer. The proposed method could be applied to fluorescent media with additional absorption other than by the fluorophore.

DC pulsed plasma magnetron sputtering of CdO/Cu/CdO multilayers thin films for self-cleaning and optoelectronic applications

In this study, CdO/Cu/CdO multilayers thin films were organized on glass substrates with different Cu intermetallic layer thickness engaging DC plasma magnetron sputtering. The optoelectronic properties and structural characteristics of the multilayers at various Cu intermetallic layer thicknesses which were varied from 4 to 16 nm were explored. The calculated band gap was reduced from 2.66 eV to 2.48 eV as the Cu intermetallic layer thickness increased from 4 to 16 nm. The refractive index and coefficient of extinction of CdO/Cu/CdO multilayers increased with increasing the Cu intermetallic layer thickness. The resistivity is reduced from 1.8 × 10−2 Ω cm for CdO single layer to reach a value of 2.7 × 10−4 Ω cm for CdO/Cu (16 nm)/CdO multilayer. Further, the sheet resistance is decreased from 1000 to 13.8 Ω/sq. with the variation in Cu intermetallic layer thickness from 0 to 16 nm. CdO/Cu (4 nm)/CdO multilayer film recorded the best figure of merit (2.3 × 10−4 Ω−1). After sunlight illumination for the multilayers, the surface wettability was improved and the contact angle recorded lowest value of nearly 24° for CdO/Cu (8 nm)/CdO and CdO/Cu (12 nm)/CdO.

Development of a Korean Local Extinction Index (K-LEI) and Tasks for Policy: Focusing on a Virtuous Cycle Mechanism of Regional Economies

Development of a Korean Local Extinction Index (K-LEI) and Tasks for Policy: Focusing on a Virtuous Cycle Mechanism of Regional Economies

Оптическая спектроскопия тонких пленок оксида цинка, легированных медью

The results of a comparative study of the optical properties of the thin films of zinc oxide ZnO, taking into account the influence of their copper doping, are presented. Using the experimental spectra of optical transmission, spectral dependences of the refractive and extinction index of the studied material, as well as components of complex dielectric permittivity constant, were calculated. The revealed features of the obtained dispersion curves are associated with the behavior of the impurity injected into the ZnO matrix.

Optical spectroscopy of thin zinc oxide films doped with copper

The results of a comparative study of the optical properties of the thin films of zinc oxide ZnO, taking into account the influence of their copper doping, are presented. Using the experimental spectra of optical transmission, spectral dependences of the refractive and extinction index of the studied material, as well as components of complex dielectric permittivity constant, were calculated. The revealed features of the obtained dispersion curves are associated with the behavior of the impurity injected into the ZnO matrix. Keywords: zinc oxide, optical transmission, refractive index, dielectric permittivity.