External Phenomena Research Articles

Computationally cost-efficient analysis of the flow behavior of twin-fluid atomizers using computational fluid dynamics

In industrial-scale operations, wet electrostatic precipitators (WESPs) are used to minimize particulate matter, employing atomizers such as single-fluid and twin-fluid atomizers (TFAs). While TFAs provide several benefits over single-fluid atomizers, quantifying their spray characteristics is more complex, necessitating comprehensive case studies to design the internal structure of the spray and achieve desired properties. This study employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the internal and external flow phenomena of TFAs in industrial-scale WESPs, aiming to facilitate various parametric studies by reducing the high computational costs associated with analyzing high-speed internal flows and particle dynamics within the spray system. To decrease computational costs, the simulation was divided into two parts using stepwise segregated scenarios: Part I focused on the high-cost internal flow analysis, examining the spatiotemporal evolution of internal flow until it is fully developed, followed by droplet size distribution estimation at the nozzle. Part II computed the external flow of the spray, assessed potential cost reductions by examining the interactions between dispersed droplets, and validated the spray angle, penetration, and coverage against experimental data. The segregated strategy employed mapping techniques to integrate the two parts seamlessly. The simulation results closely matched the experimental benchmarks for spray angle, penetration, and coverage within a minimal error margin (< 5 %), demonstrating the model’s accuracy in capturing actual spray phenomena in TFAs. This approach significantly reduced the computational cost by more than twentyfold compared to conventional one-step solvers, offering a viable method for conducting various case studies in spray CFD simulations.

Wideband Vibro-Acoustic Coupling Investigation in Three Dimensions Using Order-Reduced Isogeometric Finite Element/Boundary Element Method

This study introduces an innovative model-order reduction (MOR) technique that integrates boundary element and finite element methodologies, streamlining the analysis of wideband vibro-acoustic interactions within aquatic and aerial environments. The external acoustic phenomena are efficiently simulated via the boundary element method (BEM), while the finite element method (FEM) adeptly captures the dynamics of vibrating thin-walled structures. Furthermore, the integration of isogeometric analysis within the finite element/boundary element framework ensures geometric integrity and maintains high-order continuity for Kirchhoff–Love shell models, all without the intermediary step of meshing. Foundational to our reduced-order model is the application of the second-order Arnoldi method coupled with Taylor expansions, effectively eliminating the frequency dependence of system matrices. The proposed technique significantly enhances the computational efficiency of wideband vibro-acoustic coupling analyses, as demonstrated through numerical simulations.

The substantiality of “zaman” in the worldview of Abai and Shakarim

In the Kazakh worldview, the issue of the variability of the world is extensive. This variability extends beyond just time, encompassing changes in nature, the world, and even the appearance of individuals. Referred to as “zaman”in the Kazakh worldview, the changing of time and individuals are seen as equivalent. It is debated whether individuals influence time, time influences individuals, or if both are influenced by external phenomena. Thinkers such as Abai and Shakarim, who defied the norms of their time, exemplify the ability of individuals to navigate through changing times.Abai and Shakarim delved into questions about the meaning of life, morality, and faith amidst the constantly changing world. Their works highlight the complexity of contemporary and universal issues, showcasing how a clear and open mind can navigate and influence time. Reason allows individuals to connect with a higher power and understand the purpose behind creation.The concepts of time, person, society, spirituality, honor, value, knowledge, science, and change are deeply intertwined in the Kazakh worldview.Overall, the teachings of Abai and Shakarim emphasize the importance of a sound mind, a pure heart, and a person free from vices. Their philosophies continue to hold significance in every era, offering guidance on navigating through changing times. The Kazakh worldview, with its focus on harmony with nature and spiritual values, provides valuable insights on the essence of time and humanity's role in shaping the futur

Dukungan Organisasi Persepsian, Stres Kerja, dan Intensi Berpindah Tempat Kerja

The high external auditor turnover phenomenon has triggered previous researchers to investigate it. The high level of auditor turnover causes inefficiencies for public accounting firms. This study examines whether there is a negative relationship between perceived organizational support and turnover intentions and analyses whether burnout mediates this relationship. This research obtained 57 samples analysed by using structural equation modelling (SEM), which was processed using Stata 14 software. This research documents that perceived organizational support is negatively correlated with turnover intentions. Furthermore, job stress was found to be able to mediate the association between perceived organizational support and turnover intention.

Multi-bounce self-mixing in terahertz metasurface external-cavity lasers

The effects of optical feedback on a terahertz (THz) quantum-cascade metasurface vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (QC-VECSEL) are investigated via self-mixing. A single-mode 2.80 THz QC-VECSEL operating in continuous-wave is subjected to various optical feedback conditions (i.e., feedback strength, round-trip time, and angular misalignment) while variations in its terminal voltage associated with self-mixing are monitored. Due to its large radiating aperture and near-Gaussian beam shape, we find that the QC-VECSEL is strongly susceptible to optical feedback, which is robust against misalignment of external optics. This, in addition to the use of a high-reflectance flat output coupler, results in high feedback levels associated with multiple round-trips within the external cavity-a phenomenon not typically observed for ridge-waveguide QC-lasers. Thus, a new theoretical model is established to describe self-mixing in the QC-VECSEL. The stability of the device under variable optical feedback conditions is also studied. Any mechanical instabilities of the external cavity (such as vibrations of the output coupler), are enhanced due to feedback and result in low-frequency oscillations of the terminal voltage. The work reveals how the self-mixing response differs for the QC-VECSEL architecture, informs other systems in which optical feedback is unavoidable, and paves the way for QC-VECSEL self-mixing applications.

Droplet evaporation on curved surfaces: transients of internal and external transport phenomena

We explore the transient evolution of thermo-fluid-dynamics of evaporating sessile droplets over curved substrates in the liquid and gaseous domains. A computational model using the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian framework is adopted. The governing equations in both liquid and gaseous domains are solved in a fully coupled manner, considering coupled effects of evaporative cooling and heat advection due to bulk fluid motion. This bulk motion in the liquid domain is caused by natural advection due to thermal actuations such as thermal Marangoni flow and buoyancy-driven convection. For the gaseous domain, the additional effects of solutal convection (due to vapour-concentration variation), Stefan flow and interfacial viscous stresses are also considered. To depict a generalized role of substrate curvature, both concave and convex surfaces with curvatures over a wide range are studied. The surface wettability effects are also explored by varying the true contact angle of the droplets. Computational predictions on evaporation rate and internal flow field are validated against experimental results from literature. The interplay of wetting state and substrate curvature is noted to substantially affect the evaporation process and its thermo-fluidics. The convex curvature significantly augments internal advection while the same is weakened over concave substrates due to altered mass loss rate. Consequently, the duration of multi-vortex Marangoni flows in the development stages of evaporation and the advection in the external gaseous domain is markedly different for different curvatures. Further, on superhydrophobic curved surfaces, the effects of re-distributed evaporative fluxes play a major role. In such cases, the reduced mass flux over a large interfacial area near the periphery expedites the stable state Marangoni and external flow features.

Coupled Models in Complex Systems Related to Smart Electromagnetic Energy Procedures

This contribution aims to evaluate and analyze the significance of coupling models in the operation of intelligent electromagnetic (EM) energy procedures for complex systems (CSs). It encompasses strategies for coupling CSs models, reviews of coupled and reduced models, intelligent supervision and management of CSs models in EM energy procedures, and their applications.The article begins by introducing the supervision and management of EM CSs. It delves into the governing equations of the EM phenomenon, providing a detailed explanation. The coupling of the EM phenomenon with other physical phenomena in external components is then analyzed and reviewed. These components are interconnected and together form a CS in the EM energy procedure. The coupling of equations governing the external phenomena with those governing the EM phenomenon is elaborated upon. Subsequently, the article presents intelligent supervision of EM energy procedures for both simple systems and CSs. For CSs, the concept of a digital twin and the concept of pairing in automated procedures are thoroughly analyzed and discussed. Following this, the management of CSs models in energy procedures is examined. This includes the adaptation of complete coupled models to optimize control speed in the procedure, which is analyzed and considered through the concept of model reduction. Finally, the article focuses on applications of CSs in EM energy procedures, particularly in the context of electric and intelligent vehicles and their management.

GRAVITATIONAL GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES (KARST)

The article presents karsts, as one of the gravitational geological processes, developing in rocks (limestone, dolomite, gypsum, anhydrite, sodium and potassium salts) dissolving in natural surface and groundwater. For the first time, an attempt was made to study karsts, changes in hydrogeological conditions during their development and the influence on internal and external hazardous geological phenomena. The main purpose of this article is to draw attention to the need for further study of the Dvin earthquake source, associated with the possible collapse of underground voids (in this case, karst halls) characteristic of this territory.

Interdisciplinary nature of scientific maxims of Kazakh linguists (early twentieth century)

Linguistics is one of the social sciences and studies the various characteristics and functions of language. Various features of the internal system of language are also studied in relation to linguistics. At the same time, linguistic knowledge develops and changes under the influence of external social phenomena. The authors of the article are convinced of this property of language by applying natural science teachings to the object. This can be argued as a conflictological aspect of linguistics. This means that the conflictological aspect can prove the relevance of the article. The purpose of the article is to differentiate the scientific conclusions of the first Kazakh linguists of a linguobiological nature. This goal requires the solution of at least two tasks: 1) introduces the first Kazakh linguists to the common Eurasian scientific environment and disseminates their scientific and pedagogical works; 2) obliges to solve general interscientific relations through the relations of man and language, language and biology, language and speech, language and thinking. The first scientific works of the first Kazakh scientists are considered as the methodology of the article. In particular, the scientific principles of A. Baitursynuly, K. Zhubanuly, S. Amanzholuly were in the spotlight. Given specific examples and facts related to Turkic languages (Kazakh, Chuvash, Yakut) were given. In addition, materials from the dictionary of the Kazakh literary language and information from Wikipedia provided a lot of methodological information. The article is based on the methods of historical comparison, scientific analysis, analysis and collection. The main results of the article are reflected in the connection between linguistics and natural science. Likewise, the problems of paleontology and pathopsycholinguistics, presented in a small volume, make researchers think and lead to the study of general scientific research in this direction.

Investigating the accuracy of continuum models for the simulation of industrial maleic anhydride reactors: A comparative single particle CFD study

The selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride is a strongly exothermic reaction. Resulting local hot-spots and intraparticle temperatures high above the surrounding fluid temperature are challenging for safe and economic operation of reactors. Detailed modelling on all length scales is therefore required for an accurate description of this process. In this contribution, the one dimensional description of the ring-shaped catalyst, commonly used in continuum reactor modelling, is compared to three dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations for the case of a single catalyst particle at different inclination angles (0 to 90°). Polytropic chemical reaction is considered under typical n-butane oxidation conditions (Rep=400), representing a catalyst particle close to the inlet, (T=673K) and at the hot-spot (T=730K) of an industrial reactor. Comparative analysis suggests that the one dimensional simplification is justified when external transport phenomena are not the limiting resistance. Otherwise, neglecting two spatial dimensions leads to erroneous predictions.

ON SOME LEXICAL PECULIARITIES IN ODESSA MODERN BULGARIAN DAMASKINS

The purpose of this paper is to present some results of a dissertation study dedicated to the peculiarities of the Modern Bulgarian Odessa Damaskins of the 18th century. The manuscripts are part of a collection known in science as the collection of Grigorovich. They were discovered during the scientific journey of the Slavist scholar to the Bulgarian lands (1844–1845). Today, they are stored in a book depository outside Bulgaria, which makes their research difficult. At the same time, the excerpted lexical material offers rich linguistic material for characterizing important aspects of the Old Bulgarian lexicon. The theoretical analysis and the practical work with the manuscripts show that the peculiarities of the Modern Bulgarian language and the trends of development in the 18th century need to be considered more broadly. There are a number of specific issues related to the Damaskin literature of the 18th century which have been little developed in the scientific literature and have not previously been the subject of description and analysis. The aim is to outline the general picture of the word composition of the studied manuscripts, taking into account the external and internal linguistic factors and phenomena that were important in the process of creating the written texts. All this, together with other lexical characteristics, allowed outlining sustainable trends in the linguistic specificity of Damaskin literature during the period. To build the concept of the article, various universal methods such as descriptive, analytical, comparative-historical methods were used.

IS PSYCHOLOGY ALREADY CONCEPTUALLY COMPLETED, OR ABOUT INFORMATIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN WHICH IS “OBSESSIVELY” ACCOMPANIED BY MENTAL ACTIVITY

The article considers a “paradoxical” situation of general scientific significance, which can be formulated in the question “Why does the human brain, being a physical entity, nevertheless process information biologically or socially expediently?”, although no physical law supports this. A way out of this situation is offered. It consists in indicating that the limbic region of the brain realizes the ability of a person to subjectively evaluate the biological (social) value of external objects and phenomena. Such an explanatory concept, which is, in fact, a “product” of both humanitarian and natural knowledge, allows, in our opinion, to “cross” the line of conceptual and categorical misunderstanding between these “irreconcilable” branches of knowledge. And this intersection is carried out through understanding the essence of the information activity of the brain, which occurs with the help of mental phenomena.&#x0D; It is argued that in the neural networks of the brain, along with the usual physical causality, there is an informational causality that orchestrates this physical causality. But it acts due to the presence in the brain, again, of mental phenomena. And above all, the ability of a person to subjectively evaluate (either positively or negatively) the surrounding world, and therefore, to be motivated to eliminate states of uncertainty through the process of information integration (unification, summation, accumulation), which in the language of psychology is mainly a thinking process.&#x0D; The leading role of psychology in solving this general scientific problem is considered – primarily because of the scale of its research object, which is the psyche. Psyche, which, it is believed, is an evolutionarily mature “tool” of direct human existence and adaptation to constantly changing world – to uncertainty, to information deficit.

Filament displacement image analytics tool for use in investigating dynamics of dense microtubule networks.

The fate and motion of cells is influenced by a variety of physical characteristics of their microenvironments. Traditionally, mechanobiology focuses on external mechanical phenomena such as cell movement and environmental sensing. However, cells are inherently dynamic, where internal waves and internal oscillations are a hallmark of living cells observed under a microscope. We propose that these internal mechanical rhythms provide valuable information about cell health. Therefore, it is valuable to capture the rhythms inside cells and quantify how drugs or physical interventions affect a cell's internal dynamics. One of the key dynamical entities inside cells is the microtubule network. Typically, microtubule dynamics are measured by end-protein tracking. In contrast, this paper introduces an easy-to-implement approach to measure the lateral motion of the microtubule filaments embedded within dense networks with (at least) confocal resolution image sequences. Our tool couples the computer vision algorithm Optical Flow with an anisotropic, rotating Laplacian of Gaussian filtering to characterize the lateral motion of dense microtubule networks. We then showcase additional image analytics used to understand the effect of microtubule orientation and regional location on lateral motion. We argue that our tool and these additional metrics provide a fuller picture of the active forcing environment within cells.

МІЖНАРОДНА ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА ПОЗИЦІЯ УКРАЇНИ В КРИЗОВИХ УМОВАХ

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of crisis phenomena on the volume of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Ukraine. In the context of global economic dynamics and the interconnection of international markets, the role of FDI in ensuring sustainable economic growth is analyzed and their importance for the country's development is revealed (based on the GDP indicator). Variants are given that reflect the dependence between crisis phenomena and the volume of foreign direct investments. The indicators published on the World Bank's website and used at the international level to assess net inflows and net outflows of foreign direct investments are described. The correlation of the dynamics of changes in the analyzed indicators of Ukraine against the background of changes in similar indicators of the EU countries and the world is visually presented for the studied period of 1994-2022, which made it possible to conclude the nature of crisis phenomena that influenced the change in the trend. The results of the study provided a general idea of the negative impact of crisis phenomena on the dynamics of foreign direct investment. The analysis made it possible to single out external (international, global) and internal crisis phenomena. External crisis phenomena (the global financial crisis of 2008-2009; the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021) took place in many countries of the world and the European Union and caused a decrease in FDI due to economic recession, financial uncertainty, reduced availability of capital, uncertainty in business environments. Internal crisis phenomena were related to the economy and politics conducted in Ukraine, as well as caused by the military conflict with Russia (the Russian annexation of Crimea, the military conflict in the East of Ukraine, the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, the Russian-Ukrainian war), which created uncertainty, risks and negative conditions for investing in Ukraine. The conclusions of the article are aimed at emphasizing the importance of understanding the mechanisms of the impact of crisis phenomena on FDI and the need to develop strategies to ensure stability and sustainable growth of FDI in conditions of uncertainty and the negative impact of external and internal factors.

Kişilik İnşasında Din Faktörünün Etkisinin Bir Kadın Üzerinden İncelenmesi: Bezmialem Valide Sultan

Personality is the whole of attitudes and behaviors that people reveal from the moment they interact with the outside world with their innate characteristics. The consistency of these attitudes and behaviors is the possible with will of men, which they strengthen with their minds. Although men’s mental ability contains innate features, the way they use it from the moment they interact with the environment reveals whether their behavior is voluntary or not. Religion, which is both an internal and an external phenomenon, is one of the factors affecting the will of human behavior due to this feature. For this reason, religion also helps in the construction of a person’s personality. This auxiliary role of religion is especially effective during childhood and adolescence. In the following periods, its effectiveness emerges in times of crisis. The crises of sexes differ in their management with the help of the religion factor. The effectiveness of women’s use of religion in self-construction and in times of crisis is an issue that needs to be investigated. In the literature studies on self-construction, in the research made on gender, the evaluation of women through a private person was not encountered. In order to contribute to the missing area in this regard, the effects of religion as a positive controlling power on self-construction were evaluated through women. Religious factors are more effective in the spiritual world of women. The fact that the female temperament is softer than the male temperament is a factor in this situation. Although this soft temperament may seem like a disadvantage, it breeds sincere surrender. This surrender is the sourdough of holistic self-construction. Bezmialem Valide Sultan, whose life was influenced by different religions, was analyzed in this context. The self-construction process was investigated. Different beliefs and different cultural structures affecting childhood and adolescence were evaluated. It was focused on bringing her personality to a holistic structure with the identities she acquired throughout her life. In particular, an examination was made of the charitable activities she carried out under the influence of religion. Examples of these activities of Bezmialem Valide Sultan were selected. Some of these sample activities are Waqf Gureba Hospital, Darülmaarif, Dolmabahçe Mosque, Galata Bridge, and Terkos Lake. Her personality was evaluated scientifically on reaching every part of society with the waqf institution, a religious phenomenon, with her religious philanthropy emotion. In this study, the technique of examining documents, which is a qualitative research method, was used. A review of primary and secondary sources on the subject was made. It was seen that the effect of religion was positive in the construction of Bezmialem Valide Sultan’s personality. When religion is the center of self-construction, it has been determined that the result is consistent and permanent with the charitable waqfs constructed by Bezmialem Valide Sultan. It has been concluded that the effect of religion is positive in self-construction in women.

Coupling Field Investigations with the Contribution of Remote Sensing and GIS for the Moroccan Middle Atlas Karst: A Case Study of the El Menzel Causse

Little work has been done on the processes that control karstic phenomena in the Causse of El Menzel. This carbonate section of the Moroccan tabular Middle Atlas has undergone significant karstification due to favorable conditions that contribute to good karstification potential. Our field and remote sensing results confirm the tectogenetic nature of a set of expressions found in the Causse. The maps produced show good agreement between the structural, fluvial, and karstic network, given that the large NE-SW oriented faults in the sector played an inhibiting role in the triggering of karstic processes during the different phases of the Alpine cycle and neotectonics: on the one hand by the fact of weakening the liasic carbonate series sensitivity to dissolution at faulted zones and on the other hand by guiding the action of the external phenomena causing incision and fluvial erosion, forming a system of valleys which simultaneously coincides with the genesis of the karstic forms found in the Causse of El Menzel.

Optimal Neural Network PID Approach for Building Thermal Management

The process of thermal control and regulation in buildings is considered complex. Its complexity lies in the various internal and external physical phenomena impacting its control, and also in the increasingly important requirements of occupant comfort, energy optimization and efficiency, and optimization of measuring and monitoring equipment. Recently, the establishment of technical rules for optimal building thermal control has gained interest in academia and industry. These rules have focused mainly on three aspects: the use of renewable energy, optimal management, and the use of equipment and materials allowing the optimization of energy. However, optimal control has not been addressed enough. In this article, we present a PID controller based on a Neural Network approach for thermal building management and control. The proposed approach is based on two processes: an optimal identification process dedicated to the thermal building behavior prediction impacted by variable and invariable elements, measured and unmeasured factors, and a control process to ensure the desired performance with optimal energy control. The results obtained show the advantages of the adopted system in terms of energy optimization, with an important energy gain of 8% to 11%, along with better regulation and control performance, and in terms of occupant comfort with minimal temperature variations.

Formative experiences and psychological distance in the lives of contemporary environmentalists.

We use the term "environmentalists" to describe the people who are highly and actively engaged and involved in environmental issues like climate change. Environmentalists consistently advocate, research, or volunteer to do the work needed to address environmental challenges. Factors that drive contemporary environmentalists remain understudied. We, therefore, ask: what formative experiences drive environmentalists on climate change and other environmental problems at present? We frame this exploration through the significant life experiences (SLE) literature, which examines people and environmental pathways. We also ask: how do feelings of perceptual/actual distance or closeness to environmental threats and climate change shape a person's decision to become an environmentalist? We anchor this query to the psychological distance (PD) literature that explores how people perceive external phenomena and the role distance plays in their conception. To answer both questions, we use qualitative methods and draw on 33 interviews with environmentalists involved in environmental protection work for an average of 91 h in the past 4 weeks. We find that environmentalists spoke about several formative experiences broadly consistent with what has been documented in the SLE literature. Traumatic experiences were especially influential for our sample of environmentalists. Our findings also reveal that PD, especially social, plays a role in the lives of environmentalists. Study findings could help scholars and practitioners deepen their understanding of contemporary environmentalists. Practitioners, in particular, could use this knowledge to help environmentalists by providing them with tailored resources and support.

Entropy optimized flow of Sutterby nanomaterial subject to porous medium: Buongiorno nanofluid model

Owing to enhanced thermal impact of nanomaterials, different applications are suggested in engineering and industrial systems like heat transfer devices, energy generation, extrusion processes, engine cooling, thermal systems, heat exchanger, chemical processes, manufacturing systems, hybrid-powered plants etc. The current communication concerns the optimized flow of Sutterby nanofluid due to stretched surface in view of different thermal sources. The investigation is supported with the applications of external heat source, magnetic force and radiative phenomenon. The irreversibility investigation is deliberated with implementation of thermodynamics second law. The thermophoresis and random movement characteristics are also studied. Additionally, first order binary reaction is also examined. The nonlinear system of the governing problem is obtained which are numerically computed by s method. The physical aspects of prominent flow parameters are attributed graphically. Further, the analysis for entropy generation and Bejan number is focused. It is observed that the velocity profile increases due to Reynolds number and Deborah number. Larger Schmidt number reduces the concentration distribution. Further, the entropy generation is improved against Reynolds number and Brinkman parameter.

Problems of transformation of the institution of family and marriage at the present stage

The article presents the results of a study of the institution of the modern Russian family, the purpose of which was to determine the nature of the transformation processes experienced by the modern Russian family. It is substantiated that without this complex sociocultural education, stability and sustainable development of society is impossible: the family, being part of the social structure, performs the functions prescribed by society and ensures that the new generation acquires basic values, cultural norms, and socially approved forms of behavior, thereby socializing it. It is indicated that the family is influenced by external dysfunctional social phenomena characteristic of both Russian society and the entire world community in general. The authors of the article analyzed scientific approaches to assessing the nature of changes experienced by a modern family. It has been established that researchers’ assessment of the transformation processes that have caused changes in marriage and family relations is carried out in the context of two paradigms — the modernization of the family and the crisis of the institution of marriage and family relations. Supporters of the modernization paradigm believe that the modern Russian family is evolving along with society, experiencing a process of modernization that is predominantly positive. Researchers, whose assessment of modern marriage and family relations is made from the standpoint of a crisis approach, argue their position by the fact that transformation processes not only destructure the family, but also undermine the institution of marriage and family relations, which without radical measures will lead to large-scale destructive consequences up to the loss of statehood. The significance of the study lies in the fact that a theoretical understanding of the features of institutional transformations will make it possible to develop appropriate control mechanisms and take certain «protective» measures aimed at preserving the family’s essence as a basic stabilizing factor in modern Russian society.