External Conflicts Research Articles

The Effect of Career Anxiety on High School Students' Career Decision Making

This study aimed to examine the effect of career anxiety on high school students' career decision-making. The study group of the research consists of a total of 449 students, 146 boys (32.5%) and 303 girls (67%), who continue their education in different high schools in Konya center and districts. Research data was obtained using the "Personal Information Form" prepared by the researchers, the "Career Anxiety Scale" developed by Çetin-Gündüz and Nalbantoğlu-Yılmaz (2016) and the "Vocational Decision Making Inventory" developed by Çakır (2004). A relational screening model based on a descriptive method was used in the research. In the analysis of the data, parametric statistical techniques such as t test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey test, correlation and regression analysis techniques were used according to the normality test. According to the research findings, there is a significant relationship between both career anxiety regarding family influence and career anxiety regarding career choice and all sub-dimensions of career decision-making. In addition, there is a low level positive relationship between students' career concerns related to family influence and the sub-dimensions of internal conflicts, not knowing oneself well enough, lack of profession and field knowledge, and irrational beliefs about career choice, and a moderate positive relationship between the students' career concerns and the external conflicts sub-dimension. It was found that there was a relationship.

CONFLICT IN JOHN RONALD REUEL TOLKIEN’S NOVEL LORD OF THE RINGS: THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING

This study explores the intricate conflicts experienced by the protagonist in J. R. R. Tolkien's epic masterpiece, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. Focused primarily on internal and external conflicts, the narrative follows a fellowship of nine individuals united by their quest to destroy the malevolent Ring, possessed by the dark lord Sauron, in the fiery depths of Mount Doom. Throughout their journey, the protagonist grapples with multifaceted challenges, providing rich material for analysis. Employing a literary psychological approach, this study draws upon Kenney's theory of conflict typologies to explore the protagonist's inner turmoil and the adversities encountered externally. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative method, the research meticulously examines these conflicts to unveil their profound significance within the narrative. The findings of the study underscore the protagonist's dual struggle, comprising internal and external conflicts. Internally, the protagonist contends with the classic conflict of man versus himself, navigating doubts, fears, and moral dilemmas. Externally, a complex web of conflicts unfolds, encompassing interpersonal clashes (man versus man), societal discord (man versus society), and the formidable forces of nature (man versus nature). By dissecting these conflicts, the study illuminates the psychological and narrative depths of Tolkien's work, revealing the protagonist's arduous journey as a reflection of universal human struggles against both inner demons and external adversities.

Female political leaders and R&D investment

This study employs a difference-in-differences method to analyse how female political leaders affect corporate R&D investment. Our findings indicate that female political leaders exert a positive influence on R&D investments. Moreover, these positive effects are more pronounced among high-tech firms and those operating in developed economies, although they appear to be less significant for defence firms. Additionally, we demonstrate that the presence of female leaders correlates with a reduced rate of inventor emigration to other economies, suggesting that female leadership may contribute to the retention of skilled inventors. Consistent with these primary results, firms exhibit a decrease in R&D investment following the departure of female political leaders from office. Furthermore, during the tenure of female leaders, firms also tend to reduce their cash holdings. We explore potential channels and observe that female leadership results in less external conflict and thus promote R&D investment.

Vocational Identity and its Relationship to Psychological Well-Being and Career Thoughts among University Students

The clarity of vocational identity is an important focus of professional guidance since it is related to many factors, such as career thoughts and psychological well-being. This study examines the relationship between vocational identity, psychological well-being and career thoughts among students at Hashemite University in Jordan, as well as any gender or faculty specific differences in vocational identity, psychological well-being and career thoughts. Randomly selected male and female students (n= 680) aged 18 to 22 completed questionnaires on vocational identity, psychological well-being, and career thoughts. There was a positive correlation between vocational identity and psychological well-being, and its subscales (autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relationship, purpose in life, and self-acceptance), but a negative correlation between vocational identity and career thoughts and between vocational identity and career thoughts subscales (decision-making confusion, commitment anxiety, and external conflict). Additionally, there were statistically significant differences in the levels of vocational identity by gender, with males favoured but not by faculty. Finally, variables related to gender and faculty had no significant effect on psychological well-being or career thoughts. The results confirm a positive correlation between vocational identity and psychological well-being but a negative correlation between vocational identity and career thoughts. The results also confirm the level of vocational identity among male students was higher than that of female students. The results of this study can be used in the counseling and career guidance process for university students.

A Threat to Cohesion: Intragroup Affective Polarization in the Context of Intractable Intergroup Conflict

Growing affective polarization, or animosity between competing ideological groups, threatens to tear apart democratic societies worldwide. In nations that are facing external conflicts, the threat arising from these conflicts may boost internal cohesion and potentially reduce the internal threat of fragmentation. However, in the current study, we analyze survey datasets from two societies embedded in intractable conflicts, South Korea ( N = 897) and Israel ( N = 504), and demonstrate that gaps in the perception of the external threat between competing ideological groups are related to higher levels of affective polarization within these societies. We also find support for a mechanism that explains this trend: an internal threat from the ideological outgroup. We discuss the implications of our findings for the study of conflicts' impact on intragroup processes, specifically affective polarization, and for the understanding of how such processes might perpetuate the conflict itself.

Breaking Dawn Part 1: An Analysis of Egoism

The objective of the study is to examine the egoism exhibited by the protagonist in the film Breaking Dawn Part 1, directed by Bill Condon. In addition, the writer seeks information regarding internal and external problems as well as moral lessons. The methodology involves conducting library research and extracting relevant data from the movie. To complete the analysis, the writer employs theoretical concepts derived from Hill and Fieser.The study reveals that the primary character's egoism stems from a deficiency in realistic objectives, a tendency towards antisocial behavior, and a lack of self-control. Bella's primary concern is her own well-being in order to protect her child. The primary character exhibits two sorts of character traits: psychological egoism and ethical egoism. The internal struggles revolve around the decision to embrace vampirism and the choice between prioritizing personal safety or the continuation of her pregnancy. The external conflict arises from Jacob's opposition to Bella's refusal of his advice and the clash between Bella's firm determination and the opposing views of the Cullen family. The movie effectively conveys the varying degrees of egoism exhibited by individuals in social interactions. Effective socialization occurs when individuals prioritize the interests of others over their interests.

How does digital government affect natural resource sustainability? A global perspective

Digital government is essential for modernizing public administration, enhancing citizen services, boosting government productivity, and encouraging transparency and citizen involvement. It plays a critical role in improving the management of natural resource rents by promoting transparency, accountability, and responsible governance. However, empirical evidence on the impact of digital government on natural resource rents is lacking. To plug this vacuum into the literature, the analysis tries to study the impact of digital government on natural resource rent from 2003 to 2021 by collecting data across many economies and dividing the data into five samples: Global, Asian, American, European, and African. For empirical analysis, the study utilizes the 2SLS and GMM techniques. The analysis's main findings indicate that digital government escalates natural resource rent globally in Asia, America, and Europe. Likewise, human capital and financial development also help to advance natural resource rent. Further, the trade causes the natural resource rent to rise globally in Asia, America, Europe, and the African model, while technology promotes natural resource rent in Global, American, and European models. In contrast, external conflict causes the natural resource rent to fall globally in America and Europe. From these findings, the study infers that policymakers should increase the role of digitalization in governance-related activities, particularly in the natural resource sector.

GAMBARAN KEBIMBANGAN KARIER PADA MAHASISWA TINGKAT AKHIR DI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG BERDASARKAN PROGRAM STUDI DAN JENIS KELAMIN

Higher education is a formal educational institution that provides formal education with the aim of producing students with graduates who have skills, commendable character, quality and are ready to enter the world of work. However, in this process final year students are often faced with various challenges. One of these challenges is career indecision. This research was conducted with the aim of finding out the description of career indecision among final year students at Padang State University based on study program and gender. This research was studied using quantitative research with a comparative approach. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire technique distributed via Whatsapp and Instagram to 277 respondents from 9 study programs at Padang State University. The data analysis technique in this research was carried out using the t-test, one way anova and two way anova. The results obtained in this research indicate that career indecision among final year students at Padang State University is in the low category. This research illustrates that final year students at Padang State University have sufficient motivation regarding career-related decision making. Apart from that, final year students also have sufficient information about matters relating to themselves or the world of work they will be involved in, and there are also no internal or external conflicts within the subject in determining his career choice.

Exploring Experiences of Conflict within Medical Teams in an Emergency Department: A Focus Group Approach during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The factors related to conflicts in emergency departments (EDs) have been studied for decades. The post-pandemic digital era may transform the medical landscape in EDs, potentially changing the patterns of conflict between healthcare professionals. This study used focus group interviews to explore conflicts in EDs. Four groups, each with 4-6 participants, took part in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using six research questions. Summative content analysis was used to analyze the data. The participant's average age was 37.82 years, and the average number of working years was 12.12. The following five themes emerged: multiple patterns of internal conflict; external conflicts arising from cross-departmental coordination; conflicts due to unclear job boundaries; adapting to conflicts in diverse ways; and seeking hospital arbitration. The results of this study suggest extending interdisciplinary collaborative practice from emergency departments to all coordinating departments. An inclusive environment for equality between professions and open communication should be promoted by hospitals.

Reading Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto from the Perspective of Freudian psychoanalysis

Literature has always been linked to psychoanalysis by literary critics and literary theorists in the academic field of literary criticism or theory. The Freudian psychoanalytic approach focuses primarily on exploring and analyzing an individual’s inner world. This study examines Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto from the viewpoint of the psychoanalysis theory founded on Freud’s interpretations of the behaviours of human beings and discusses the novel from that perspective. These behaviours result from the subconscious part of humans and in which they are connected to internal and external conflicts. Freud believes the unconscious mind is the root of all strange behaviours and mental illnesses and points out that the social context is a significant factor in these afflictions. The study aims to apply psychoanalytic theory to analyze in-depth the self-conflict, repetition of language, and taboos that appear in The Castle of Otranto to present examples of internal or external conflicts that are held in the subconscious as being part of human beings’ essence, and eventually as the primary source of disturbance of human behaviour.

Be(com)ing an Educational Researcher in the Global South (and Beyond): A Focus on the Research-Practice Relationship

Educational researchers are increasingly expected to focus on their research productivity as per their professional performance. Such a trend may have influenced their professional identities and activities, especially in the Global South, where researchers have not been immersed in the new research culture and where their assumed primary role may be to increase teaching efficacy instead. The pervasive focus on research productivity is detrimental to the equitable research-practice relationship whereby two groups of professionals—practitioners and researchers—collaboratively work to achieve the common goal of student learning. This teacher-researcher epistemological clash may exist within individual researchers when they have abundant teaching experience prior to becoming educational researchers. Through the lens of activity theory, we report on a case study of educational researchers’ lived experiences and struggles of navigating teacher-researcher identities in Chile, entailing their boundary-crossing of teacher-researcher identities, internal and external identity conflicts, and beliefs and actions related to the ideal research-practice relationship. In conclusion, we call for changes at the institutional level to promote an equitable and manageable research-practice relationship as well as at the individual level to reflect the ultimate purpose of educational research.

Compromised health: Examining growth and health in a late antique Roman infant and child cemetery.

Combining research from infant and child development, public health, anthropology, and history, this research examines the relationship between growth, growth disruption, and skeletal indicators of chronic and/or episodic physiological stress (stress) among juvenile individuals (n = 60) interred at the late antique infant and child cemetery at Poggio Gramignano (PG) (ca. 5th century CE), associated with a rural agricultural community. Growth disruption-evidenced by decreased long bone length compared to dental age-and stress experience-evidenced by skeletal stress indicators-within these individuals are compared to those within juveniles from a comparative sample (n = 66) from two urban Roman-era cemeteries, Villa Rustica (VR) (0-250 CE) and Tragurium City Necropolis (TCN) (0-700 CE). Results indicate that individuals from PG had significantly smaller femoral lengths-for-age than those from VR and TCN; however, the frequency of skeletal stress indicators was higher among juveniles from VR and TCN. These differences in growth and stress experience are likely related to the different biosocial and ecological environments present in these two regions. For the community at PG, internal and external violent conflicts, as well as social, political, and economic turmoil, and subsistence shortages, endemic and epidemic infectious disease, nutritional deficiencies, and inherited or acquired anemia may have synergized to create chronically and/or episodically deleterious conditions for its juveniles.

How do conflicts affect energy security risk? Evidence from major energy-consuming economies

Conflicts, whether internal or external, have the ability to increase energy security risks. Given this background, this paper investigates the impact of conflicts on energy security risks in the panel data of 40 major energy-consuming economies from Asia, America, Europe, and Africa by employing the Cross-sectionally augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag model from 1996 to 2021. The results show that the risks to long-term energy security fall with the rise in internal and external conflicts globally and in Asian, American, European, and African economies. However, all regions see decreased long-term energy security risk due to rising financial development. At the same time, national income mitigates energy security risks globally and in American countries. Technological innovation reduces long-term energy security risks globally in Asian, American, and European economies. Conversely, only gross domestic product and technological innovation cause the energy security risks to fall globally and in American economies.

Green policymaking in top emitters: assessing the consequences of external conflicts, trade globalization, and mineral resources on sustainable development

ABSTRACT The escalating levels of environmental degradation along with escalating conflicts and incidents of trade disputes among regional powers can exert a detrimental influence on the prospects for achieving sustainable development (SUD). Prior empirical works have tended to overlook the contributions of trade globalization and external conflicts to the SUD. Furthermore, prevailing studies on SUD often rely on various environmental metrics, economic growth measures, or adjusted net savings as proxies, which fall short in measuring the multifaceted essence of the SUD concept. Thus, this research work assesses the heterogeneous effects of trade globalization, external conflicts, and financial development on a comprehensive SUD index based on environmental, economic, and social factors from 1992 to 2019 in the twenty highest CO2 emitters. The results derived from the application of the method of moment quantile regressions (MM-QR) reveal that trade globalization exerts a negative impact on SUD but its negative effect shows a diminishing trend when moving from the 10th to 90th quantile. Financial development likewise impedes SUD, with the degree of hindrance diminishing as quantiles ascend from lower to upper percentiles. External conflicts hinder SUD only at higher quantiles with the negative effect demonstrating an increasing trend. Furthermore, mineral resources and fossil energy pose detrimental effects on SUD, and these adverse effects exhibit a mounting trajectory as one moves from lower to upper quantiles. Finally, the policy implications of these novel outcomes are discussed.

Can resolving geopolitical tensions help South Asian countries elude the carbon curse of natural resources?

South Asia is regarded as highly vulnerable to climate change-related concerns. Thus, it is of utmost importance for South Asian countries to conceptualize environmental development policies that can be implemented to tackle carbon emission-related environmental hazards. Moreover, due to high reliance on natural resources, almost all South Asian nations find it extremely difficult to reduce their carbon discharges. Therefore, taking note of these concerning issues, this study aims to explore the environmental impacts associated with natural resource dependency, geopolitical tensions, financial development, and urbanization in the context of major South Asian countries including Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka. Notably, this study emphasizes whether reducing geopolitical tensions, by resolving external conflicts, can help these nations limit the carbon emission-related problems that are specifically associated with natural resource consumption. In this regard, a composite carbon curse index is calculated using data regarding three carbon emission-based indicators of environmental quality (per capita carbon dioxide emissions, rate of carbon intensity of energy use, and per capita consumption-based carbon footprints). For analytical purposes, several advanced panel data estimation methods that are robust against cross-sectionally dependent data with heterogeneous slope coefficients and endogeneity-related issues, are employed. Overall, the results endorse that more dependence on natural resources for stimulating economic growth worsens the carbon curse faced by the South Asia nations. By contrast, reducing geopolitical tensions through the resolution of external conflicts is observed to help the selected South Asian countries limit the carbon curse associated with natural resource consumption, both directly and indirectly. Therefore, in line with these findings, relevant decarbonization policies are recommended, which the concerned South Asian governments can take note of when designing green growth policies in the future.

Associations of Career Decision-Making Strategies With Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy and Difficulties Among French-Speaking Swiss Adolescents and Young Adults

Individuals differ in the strategies, self-efficacy beliefs, and difficulties that characterize their career decision-making process. Although some strategies are deemed adaptive, the differential links of career decision-making strategies to self-efficacy and difficulties, in general and in various cultural contexts, remain unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the associations of 12 career decision-making strategies with self-efficacy and difficulties among 414 adolescents and young adults in the cultural context of the French-speaking part of Switzerland. In doing so, we also sought to develop a French version of the Career Decision-Making Profiles questionnaire (CDMP-F) for assessing career decision-making strategies. Results confirmed the fit of the hypothesized 12-factor model underlying the CDMP-F and the adaptability assumption for six of 12 strategies: information gathering, locus of control, procrastination, speed of making the final decision, dependence on others, and desire to please others. Moreover, differentiated associations were uncovered: high procrastination and external locus of control were linked to lack of motivation; slow speed of making the final decision was linked to general indecisiveness; and high desire to please others was linked to external conflicts. Supporting the structural and construct validity of the CDMP-F and identifying differential associations, implications for research and practice are discussed.

Role of Research and Development Budgets and Socio-economic Conditions for Greener Energy Transition in Emerging Economies: Do Internal and external conflicts matter?

Role of Research and Development Budgets and Socio-economic Conditions for Greener Energy Transition in Emerging Economies: Do Internal and external conflicts matter?

THE INFLUENCE OF PROJECT EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CONFLICT CONTROL ON PROJECT PERFORMANCE

The data shows that many construction conflicts arise from many factors. Indonesia as a country that has social and cultural diversity is certainly very vulnerable to conflict, especially in project activities. Diversity as a necessity in the state has indeed contributed to the emergence of many social conflicts, including social conflicts in projects. This study aims to determine the control exercised by stakeholders in dealing with external and internal project conflicts that can have an impact on project performance. This study with a sample of 35 samples and using the SEM-PLS method. Based on the analysis, it shows a conclusion that conflicts that occur in projects, both internal conflicts, external conflicts and conflicts of interest, if not controlled properly, will have an impact on project performance. This is very necessary for stakeholders to be able to control conflicts that occur in the project.

Gendering hawkishness in the war room: Evidence from Pakistani politicians

Can representation in foreign policy deliberations – in particular, increased female representation – impact deliberators’ support for interstate conflict resolution? While existing work on gender representation in IR suggests that increased female representation should moderate intragroup hawkishness, making conflict resolution more viable, I offer empirical evidence that qualifies this idea, based on a survey experiment on 149 male and 55 female elite Pakistani legislators. Politicians of both sexes were randomly assigned to ‘listen in’ on a hypothetical national security deliberation that was either all-male or gender-mixed. I find that politicians’ decisionmaking in these hypothetical committees was informed simultaneously by notions of committee competence and by inferences about the social desirability of hawkish outcomes in deliberative settings. Specifically, respondents assigned to gender-mixed committees became less supportive of external conflict resolution. I show how different mechanisms accounted for this increased hawkishness for men and women. Female politicians assigned to gender-mixed committees became more conscious and wary of how their participation, the result of increased representation, would be perceived, compelling them to opt for more hawkish policies. Male politicians, in contrast, attempted to overcompensate for the increased visibility of female representation by resorting to greater levels of aggression.

Internal and External Conflict of the main characters in the short stories Tuhan, Pawang Hujan, dan Petarung yang Remis by A.S Laksana

This research aims to describe the internal conflict and external conflict of the main character named Alit in the short stories Tuhan, Pawang Hujan, dan Petarung yang Remis by A.S Laksana. Alit works as a magician and rain charmer. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. The data collection technique in this research uses library techniques. Based on the data collection technique used, the data is analyzed using descriptive analysis. The steps in analyzing the data are as follows: Grouping the data based on data type, Reducing data from the data corpus according to the problem being studied, Describing the data to make it clearer. easy to understand, Analyzing data based on predetermined formulas and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the analysis of the short stories Tuhan, Pawang Hujan, dan Petarung yang Remis by A.S Laksana. There are internal conflicts and external conflicts. Internal conflict is a problem or event that occurs to Alit because of an inner struggle with himself caused by the emergence of desires or feelings that arise from within the character. External conflict in the short stories Tuhan, Pawang Hujan, dan Petarung yang Remis by A.S Laksana, is an event that arises due to the involvement of other people or influences from outside the characters which give rise to feelings of happiness, sadness, disappointment, anger and revenge. This is a description of events that often occur in real life when living in the real world.