Extensive Communication Research Articles

A Robust Optimization Approach to Network Control Using Local Information Exchange

Managing networks often involves extensive communication between all parts of the system, which can be inefficient and raise privacy concerns. This paper explores an alternative approach where each part of the system only communicates with its closest neighbors. By simplifying the communication structure, the system can operate with less computational effort while maintaining privacy. Applied to areas like energy management and supply chains, this method has the potential to provide similar outcomes to traditional models but with fewer communication requirements. The results suggest that this approach could offer a more efficient and privacy-conscious way to manage networks.

Molecular Insights into the Reproductive Patterns and Genetic Structure of Wheat Stripe Rust in Ili, Xinjiang.

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a globally significant fungal disease that seriously threatens wheat yield, particularly in China. This study investigates the genetic structure and reproductive patterns of Pst populations in Ili, Xinjiang, using 12 pairs of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) molecular markers. Analyses of 79 Pst isolates from either spring or winter wheat areas in Ili revealed three primary genetic clusters, indicating notable differences between populations associated with spring and winter wheat. The STRUCTURE results, complemented by UPGMA and PCoA analyses, highlight significant genetic diversity within these populations, with evidence of genetic recombination and sexual reproduction in certain areas. Pst populations in Ili exhibit a mixed mode of reproduction, predominantly sexual in Qapqal and Xinyuan D and primarily asexual within the spring wheat populations. The gene flow analysis underscores extensive inter-population communication, which facilitates the spread and adaptation of the pathogen across diverse wheat-growing environments. This study marks the first documentation of sexual reproduction in Pst within Xinjiang, providing new insights into its spread and genetic variation. These findings suggest that sexual reproduction may play a role in the regional adaptation and evolution of Pst, impacting future management strategies for wheat stripe rust in Xinjiang and potentially in broader Central Asian contexts.

Transcriptomic heterogeneity of non-beta islet cells is associated with type 2 diabetes development in mouse models.

The aim of this work was to understand the role of non-beta cells in pancreatic islets at early stages of type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Specific clustering was employed to single-cell transcriptome data from islet cells of obese mouse strains differing in their diabetes susceptibility (diabetes-resistant B6.V.Lepob/ob [OB] and diabetes-susceptible New Zealand Obese [NZO] mice) on a diabetogenic diet. Refined clustering analysis revealed several heterogeneous subpopulations for alpha cells, delta cells and macrophages, of which 133 mapped to human diabetes genes identified by genome-wide association studies. Importantly, a similar non-beta cell heterogeneity was found in a dataset of human islets from donors at different stages of type 2 diabetes. The predominant alpha cell cluster in NZO mice displayed signs of cellular stress and lower mitochondrial capacity (97 differentially expressed genes [DEGs]), whereas delta cells from these mice exhibited higher expression levels of maturation marker genes (Hhex and Sst) but lower somatostatin secretion than OB mice (184 DEGs). Furthermore, a cluster of macrophages was almost twice as abundant in islets of OB mice, and displayed extensive cell-cell communication with beta cells of OB mice. Treatment of beta cells with IL-15, predicted to be released by macrophages, activated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3), which may mediate anti-apoptotic effects. Similar to mice, humans without diabetes possess a greater number of macrophages than those with prediabetes (39 mmol/mol [5.7%] < HbA1c < 46 mmol/mol [6.4%]) and diabetes. Our study indicates that the transcriptional heterogeneity of non-beta cells has an impact on intra-islet crosstalk and participates in beta cell (dys)function. scRNA-seq data from the previous study are available in gene expression omnibus under gene accession number GSE159211 ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE159211 ).

Identifying Key Competencies for Extension Communication: A Delphi Analysis to Guide Program Development

Identifying Key Competencies for Extension Communication: A Delphi Analysis to Guide Program Development

VCAN in the extracellular matrix drives glioma recurrence by enhancing cell proliferation and migration.

Gliomas are the most prevalent primary malignant intracranial tumors, characterized by high rates of therapy resistance, recurrence, and mortality. A major factor contributing to the poor prognosis of gliomas is their ability to diffusely infiltrate surrounding and even distant brain tissues, rendering complete total resection almost impossible and leading to frequent recurrences. The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in the tumor microenvironment and may significantly influence glioma progression, recurrence, and therapeutic response. In this study, we first identified the ECM and the Versican (VCAN), a key ECM protein, as critical contributors to glioma recurrence through a comprehensive analysis of transcriptomic data comparing recurrent and primary gliomas. Using single-cell sequencing, we revealed heterogeneous distribution patterns and extensive intercellular communication among ECM components. External sequencing and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining further validated that VCAN is significantly upregulated in recurrent gliomas and is associated with poor patient outcomes. Functional assays conducted in glioma cell lines overexpressing VCAN demonstrated that VCAN promotes cell proliferation and migration via the PI3K/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway effectively blocked VCAN-mediated glioma progression. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying glioma recurrence and suggest that targeting both VCAN and the PI3K/Akt pathway could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for managing recurrent gliomas.

PENDEKATAN TEKNIK KOMUNIKASI DALAM PENYULUHAN PENGGUNAAN PUPUK ORGANIK BAGI PETANI SAYURAN KANGKUNG DI KELURAHAN MATABUBU KECAMATAN POASIA KOTA KENDARI

This study aims to determine and analyze the communication techniques of extension workers in counseling the use of organic fertilizers for farmers, and to know the knowledge of farmers in the use of organic fertilizers in Matabubu Village, Poasia District, Kendari City.This research was conducted in July 2023. The population in the study will be informants, because kale farmers in Matabubu Village amounted to 7 people, as well as 1 extension agent in charge of Matabubu Village. Data collection techniques consist of observation, in-depth interviews, documentation and literature. The focus of the research includes: extension communication techniques (informative communication, persuasive communication and instructive communication), farmers' knowledge during related extension (source/content of organic fertilizer, benefits of organic fertilizer, how to make organic fertilizer and use of organic fertilizer). The analysis used in this research is qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the communication techniques used consisted of informative, persuasive and instructive communication techniques that had been implemented by extension workers. As well as, farmers' knowledge in the use of organic fertilizer for kale vegetables in general have known, but the process of making organic fertilizer, farmers do not know

An Energy-Efficient Scheme Design for NOMA-Based UAV-Assisted MEC Systems

UAV-assisted MEC networks provide extensive communication coverage and massive computation services for mobile terminals (MTs), which are considered a promising edge paradigm to support future air–ground integrated communications. In this paper, an energy-efficient scheme in NOMA-based UAV-assisted MEC systems is proposed to address the system’s energy constraints and its inability to support massive MT access. Our goal is to minimize system-weighted energy consumption by jointly optimizing the allocation of transmission power, computation resources, and UAV trajectory scheduling. As the formulated problem is non-convex and difficult to solve directly, we decompose it into two manageable sub-problems and propose an iterative algorithm based on successive convex approximations (SCA) to solve each sub-problem alternatively. Simulation results show that the proposed joint optimization algorithm achieves a significant performance improvement compared to other benchmark approaches.

Research on the Delineation Method of Urban Community Living Circle Based on Transportation Network Analysis in Yuanping, China

In the context of accelerating global urbanization and the demands for high-quality and sustainable development, the exploration of an urban community living area delineation method based on traffic network analysis offers a fresh perspective for defining urban living areas. This paper employs a traffic network analysis method rooted in objective analysis. It leverages open-source big data on Points of Interest (POI) from public facilities and road network data obtained from relevant urban planning to construct a comprehensive road network dataset for the central urban area. Following the construction of the road network dataset, the paper conducts a service area and accessibility analysis of public facilities, which serves as an initial step in outlining the boundaries of the urban community living area. Subsequently, the delineation is further refined by considering factors such as development boundaries, as well as natural and man-made constraints such as rivers, railways, and major roads. The boundaries of the urban community living area undergo further adjustments, taking into account the scope of the development boundary and various constraining elements such as rivers, railways, and main roads. A final revision is made by considering subjective factors, where the boundaries of the ten-minute urban community living area are ultimately determined through extensive communication and coordination with various stakeholders. This approach is aimed at meeting the current societal development needs, which include breaking down segregation, fostering social interactions, strengthening neighbourly relationships, enhancing overall quality of life, promoting sustainable development, and creating a more humane and sustainable city. Its ultimate goal is to enable residents to feel a sense of belonging and happiness within the bustling urban environment.

Optimizing Extension Communication in The Prevention of Sexual Harrasment in Higher Education Institutions (Systematic Literature Review)

This study aims to optimize communication strategies for preventing sexual harassment in higher education institutions. Amid rising incidents of sexual harassment that threaten the safety and well-being of students, especially women aged 18-24, there is an urgent need for more effective interventions. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this research analyzes data from various scientific publications, official documents, and journals using content analysis techniques to identify main themes and categorize relevant information. The findings suggest that effective counseling communication strategies are crucial in preventing sexual harassment within higher education institutions. The study highlights the importance of education and awareness, development of interpersonal communication skills, provision of support resources, specialized training for facilitators, integration of a comprehensive sexual education curriculum, and the use of media and technology in counseling. These approaches aim to deepen understanding, enhance support for victims, and develop inclusive and effective prevention strategies. The discussion emphasizes the need for adapting communication strategies to match the cultural context and policies of each institution to enhance their effectiveness. Recommendations from this research include a holistic integration of approaches focusing on training, advocacy, and clear policies, as well as ongoing evaluation to assess and improve existing strategies, ensuring their effectiveness in preventing sexual harassment in university environments.

Average bit-error rate analysis of an inter-satellite optical communication system under the effect of perturbations.

The benefits of higher data transmission rates, extensive communication frequency bandwidths, reduced power consumption, and enhanced anti-interference capabilities make inter-satellite optical communication (ISOC) a promising technology for the future. However, during orbital motion, satellites are subjected to external perturbation forces, which affect the performance of the ISOC system. This paper establishes an ISOC system consisting of two co-orbital satellites orbiting the Earth under the influence of perturbations. For what we believe to be the first time, the probability density function (PDF) of the radial displacement caused by perturbations is introduced. Subsequently, a PDF detailing the inter-satellite pointing errors, while accounting for the effects of perturbations and platform vibrations, is presented. Moreover, pointing errors and plasma absorption are considered in the PDF derivation process for the end-to-end ISOC system. The closed-form expression for the average bit-error rate (BER) of the proposed system is derived using Meijer's G function. Simulation results are provided to validate the theoretical expression. The findings show that key parameters associated with perturbations significantly influence the PDF of inter-satellite pointing errors and the average BER of the proposed ISOC system.

Scheme using a finite‐volume method for local horizontal derivatives in the spectral model: The non‐hydrostatic case

AbstractIn a typical non‐hydrostatic spectral dynamic numerical weather prediction (NWP) kernel, all forecast variables are transformed between grid point and spectral spaces to compute their gradients and solve the implicit problem. This kernel requires numerous spectral transformations, which depend heavily on extensive global communication and significantly hinder parallel computing efficiency. This paper introduces an innovative non‐hydrostatic spectral kernel that incorporates a finite‐volume method within the spectral framework. We have developed a horizontal divergence (D)‐based structure equation, allowing direct computation of most prognostic variables and their horizontal gradients at grid point space. By doing so, the need for spectral transformations is substantially decreased. Our experiments demonstrate that this new approach reduces the cost of spectral transformations by up to 40%, enhancing the overall model efficiency by 15%–22%. Additionally, a series of tests confirmed the accuracy and stability of this new solver.

Disowning the past: an assassination, complex transnational influences, and the generational rift within the Iranian communist movement

ABSTRACT An elaborate sting operation by Iranian security (SAVAK) centred on Abbas Shahriyari, an able SAVAK secret agent and a Tudeh Party member, to entrap underground leftist activists in the 1960s unwittingly unleashed a complex transnational web involving Iranian opposition and Soviet intelligence. The People’s Fadai Guerrillas (PFG) eventually assassinated Shahriyari and vastly propagated this operation through an extensive communiqué. The assassination marked the decisive, and highly symbolic, rejection of the legacy of the Tudeh Party by the rising Marxist PFG that came from an entirely younger generation, but it unwittingly also exposed in retrospect the complex web of actors drawn into SAVAK’s sting operations. This paper situates this assassination in its historical context and quadrangular web of Tudeh Party, PFG, Soviet intelligence, and SAVAK. It offers a close reading of PFG’s extensive communication about this assassination as the break within Iran’s communist movement.

DDS-P: Stochastic models based performance of IoT disaster detection systems across multiple geographic areas

Effective management of catastrophic events in high-risk zones necessitates a holistic technological approach to protect ecosystems, biodiversity, and native populations. Limitations in sensor range and connectivity hamper real-time data gathering in secluded areas, while financial and technical hurdles hinder the creation of cost-effective, automated systems. This study presents stochastic models, the LoRaW protocol, and cloud technology to enhance sensor deployment simulations. Wireless Sensor Networks and LoRa technology are crucial for extensive monitoring and communication infrastructures. Stochastic Petri Net models optimize system components by assessing crucial performance indicators, such as average response time and system utilization, thus improving disaster response and supporting research hypotheses.

A Review of Attacker–Defender Games and Cyber Security

The focus of this review is the long and broad history of attacker–defender games as a foundation for the narrower and shorter history of cyber security. The purpose is to illustrate the role of game theory in cyber security and which areas have received attention and to indicate future research directions. The methodology uses the search terms game theory, attack, defense, and cyber security in Web of Science, augmented with the authors’ knowledge of the field. Games may involve multiple attackers and defenders over multiple periods. Defense involves security screening and inspection, the detection of invaders, jamming, secrecy, and deception. Incomplete information is reviewed due to its inevitable presence in cyber security. The findings pertain to players sharing information weighted against the security investment, influenced by social planning. Attackers stockpile zero-day cyber vulnerabilities. Defenders build deterrent resilient systems. Stochastic cyber security games play a role due to uncertainty and the need to build probabilistic models. Such games can be further developed. Cyber security games based on traffic and transportation are reviewed; they are influenced by the more extensive communication of GPS data. Such games should be extended to comprise air, land, and sea. Finally, cyber security education and board games are reviewed, which play a prominent role.

Light-responsive adipose-hypothalamus axis controls metabolic regulation

Light is fundamental for biological life, with most mammals possessing light-sensing photoreceptors in various organs. Opsin3 is highly expressed in adipose tissue which has extensive communication with other organs, particularly with the brain through the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Our study reveals a new light-triggered crosstalk between adipose tissue and the hypothalamus. Direct blue-light exposure to subcutaneous white fat improves high-fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities in an Opsin3-dependent manner. Metabolomic analysis shows that blue light increases circulating levels of histidine, which activates histaminergic neurons in the hypothalamus and stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) via SNS. Blocking central actions of histidine and denervating peripheral BAT blunts the effects of blue light. Human white adipocytes respond to direct blue light stimulation in a cell-autonomous manner, highlighting the translational relevance of this pathway. Together, these data demonstrate a light-responsive metabolic circuit involving adipose-hypothalamus communication, offering a potential strategy to alleviate obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities.

Deciphering the interplay of HPV infection, MHC-II expression, and CXCL13+ CD4+ T cell activation in oropharyngeal cancer: implications for immunotherapy

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection has become an important etiological driver of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), leading to unique tumor characteristics. However, the interplay between HPV-associated tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) remains an enigma.MethodsWe performed a single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) on HPV-positive (HPV+) and HPV-negative (HPV‒) OPSCC tumors, each for three samples, and one normal tonsil tissue. Ex vivo validation assays including immunofluorescence staining, cell line co-culture, and flow cytometry analysis were used to test specific subtypes of HPV+ tumor cells and their communications with T cells.ResultsThrough a comprehensive single-cell transcriptome analysis, we uncover the distinct transcriptional signatures between HPV+ and HPV‒ OPSCC. Specifically, HPV+ OPSCC tumor cells manifest an enhanced interferon response and elevated expression of the major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II), potentially bolstering tumor recognition and immune response. Furthermore, we identify a CXCL13+CD4+ T cell subset that exhibits dual features of both follicular and pro-inflammatory helper T cells. Noteworthily, HPV+ OPSCC tumor cells embrace extensive intercellular communications with CXCL13+CD4+ T cells. Interaction with HPV+ OPSCC tumor cells amplifies CXCL13 and IFNγ release in CD4+T cells, fostering a pro-inflammatory TME. Additionally, HPV+ tumor cells expressing high MHC-II and CXCL13+CD4+ T cell prevalence are indicative of favorable overall survival rates in OPSCC patients.ConclusionsTogether, our study underscores a synergistic inflammatory immune response orchestrated by highly immunogenic tumor cells and CXCL13+CD4+ T cells in HPV+ OPSCC, offering useful insights into strategy development for patient stratification and effective immunotherapy in OPSCC.

Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) mouse proteomes for the validation and description of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers

BackgroundMass spectrometry (MS)-based cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics is an important method for discovering biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. CSF serves as a reservoir for interstitial fluid (ISF), and extensive communication between the two fluid compartments helps to remove waste products from the brain. New methodWe performed proteomic analyses of both CSF and ISF fluid compartments using intracerebral microdialysis to validate and detect novel biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in APPtg and C57Bl/6J control mice. ResultsWe identified up to 625 proteins in ISF and 4483 proteins in CSF samples. By comparing the biofluid profiles of APPtg and C57Bl/6J mice, we detected 37 and 108 significantly up- and downregulated candidates, respectively. In ISF, 7 highly regulated proteins, such as Gfap, Aldh1l1, Gstm1, and Txn, have already been implicated in AD progression, whereas in CSF, 9 out of 14 highly regulated proteins, such as Apba2, Syt12, Pgs1 and Vsnl1, have also been validated to be involved in AD pathogenesis. In addition, we also detected new interesting regulated proteins related to the control of synapses and neurotransmission (Kcna2, Cacng3, and Clcn6) whose roles as AD biomarkers should be further investigated. Comparison with existing methodsThis newly established combined protocol provides better insight into the mutual communication between ISF and CSF as an analysis of tissue or CSF compartments alone. ConclusionsThe use of multiple fluid compartments, ISF and CSF, for the detection of their biological communication enables better detection of new promising AD biomarkers.

Insights of machine learning-based threat identification schemes in advanced network system

An advanced network system (ANS) is characterized by extensive communication features that can support a sophisticated collaborative network structure. This is essential to hosting various forms of upcoming modernized and innovative applications. Security is one of the rising concerns associated with ANS deployment. It is also noted that machine learning is one of the preferred cost-effective ways to optimize the security strength and address various ongoing security problems in ANS; however, it is still unknown about its overall effectivity scale. Hence, this paper contributes to a systematic review of existing variants of machine learning approaches to deal with threat identification in ANS. As ANS is a generalized form, this discussion considers the impact of existing machine learning approaches on its practical use cases. The paper also contributes towards critical gap analysis and highlights the study's potential learning outcome.

Establishment of a CD8+ T cells-related prognostic risk model for acral melanoma based on single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing.

CD8+ T cells have been recognized as crucial factors in the prognosis of melanoma. However, there is currently a lack of gene markers that accurately describe their characteristics and functions in acral melanoma (AM), which hinders the development of personalized medicine. Firstly, we explored the composition differences of immune cells in AM using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and comprehensively characterized the immune microenvironment of AM in terms of composition, developmental differentiation, function, and cell communication. Subsequently, we constructed and validated a prognostic risk scoring model based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of CD8+ T cells using the TCGA-SKCM cohort through Lasso-Cox method. Lastly, immunofluorescence staining was performed to validate the expression of four genes (ISG20, CCL4, LPAR6, DDIT3) in AM and healthy skin tissues as included in the prognostic model. The scRNA-seq data revealed that memory CD8+ T cells accounted for the highest proportion in the immune microenvironment of AM, reaching 70.5%. Cell-cell communication analysis showed extensive communication relationships among effector CD8+ T cells. Subsequently, we constructed a prognostic scoring model based on DEGs derived from CD8+ T cell sources. Four CD8+ T cell-related genes were included in the construction and validation of the prognostic model. Additionally, immunofluorescence results demonstrated that ISG20 and CCL4 were downregulated, while LPAR6 and DDIT3 were upregulated in AM tissues compared to normal skin tissues. Identifying biomarkers based on the expression levels of CD8+ T cell-related genes may be an effective approach for establishing prognostic models in AM patients. The independently prognostic risk evaluation model we constructed provides new insights and theoretical support for immunotherapy in AM.

An application of complex networks on predicting the behavior of infectious disease on campus

Networks are widely used in understanding the spread of infectious disease. Universities and colleges are characterized by frequent social gatherings and extensive interpersonal communication, making them ideal applications of complex networks. In this paper, a compound model consisting of a homogeneous (small world) network and a heterogeneous (scale free) network is established, the spreading characteristics of epidemics are analyzed by using the mean‐field (MF) and the heterogeneous mean‐field (HMF) approaches, and the effects of various factors such as the total node number (N), the randomly reconnection probability (p), the initial proportion of infected node (p0), the average degree (k), and the shared nodes (s) are simulated by numerical calculations. The simulation results are in consistent with theoretical predictions, indicating that the randomness effect decreases with increasing k and N and is small when k (k = 8) and N (N = 200) are relatively large; the randomness effect is more significant in the scale free (SF) network than in the small world (SW) network, and the disease spread faster in the SF network; shared nodes can weakly increase the disease spread, but when the shared nodes are involved in an infected and an uninfected network, it can induce the disease outbreak in the uninfected network.