Exposure In China Research Articles

Overview of historical formaldehyde occupational exposure in China.

Formaldehyde is a known human carcinogen related to leukemia and nasopharyngeal cancer. As China is the world's largest producer and consumer of formaldehyde, occupational exposure to formaldehyde may pose potential health risks to workers. We aimed to describe occupational exposure to formaldehyde over time in China. Occupational formaldehyde exposure measurements were extracted from Chinese and English scientific publications as well as routine occupational hazard monitoring datasets. A weighted mean concentration was calculated by occupation and industry. We extracted over 20,447 individual measurements from 73 industries and 70 occupations during 1979 to 2023 across China. The majority of measurements (19%) were from the industry "Manufacture of veneer sheets and wood-based panels," with a pooled mean task-based concentration of 0.69 (0.02 to 4.98) mg/m3. Among occupations with over 200 individual measurements and a pooled weighted mean concentration of 0.5mg/m3 or higher, "Metal moulders and coremakers" has the highest task-based concentration, at 1.40 (0.04 to 1.99) mg/m3. Formaldehyde exposure levels varied across occupations and changed over time. Before 1990, the overall pooled mean (range) task-based concentration was 1.60 (0.15 to 6.14) mg/m3, decreasing to 0.41 (0.00 to 12.0) mg/m3 from 2011 onward. Occupational formaldehyde exposure in China has shown a declining trend over the past decades but remains high in certain occupations. Identifying high-risk industries and occupations can inform the development of targeted interventions and regulations to mitigate formaldehyde exposure. Furthermore, the presented exposure data can contribute to better exposure assessment in epidemiological investigations.

High-resolution mapping of NO2 population exposure in China from satellite observations

High-resolution mapping of NO2 population exposure in China from satellite observations

What is the magnitude of risk exposure in China’s bioeconomic supply chains?

What is the magnitude of risk exposure in China’s bioeconomic supply chains?

Ecological risk-based soil thresholds for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) addressing direct contact and food chain exposure in China.

Ecological risk-based soil thresholds for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) addressing direct contact and food chain exposure in China.

Analysis of the potential disease burden of occupational polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure-associated lung cancer in China from 1990 to 2021

Objective: To assess the disease burden of lung cancer associated with occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in China from 1990 to 2021 using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data. Methods: In July 2024, data on occupational PAHs exposure-associated lung cancer from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the GBD database, including mortality rates, age-standardized mortality rates, number of deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates, age-standardized DALYs rates, and number of DALYs for different genders and ages. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze trends in lung cancer mortality rates, age-standardized mortality rates, DALYs rates, and age-standardized DALYs rates over different years, genders, and ages. Joinpoint regression models were used to calculate the annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC), and to identify change points and trends in different periods within the data. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the mortality rate of lung cancer associated with occupational PAHs exposure increased from 0.085 per 100000 to 0.259 per 100000, and the age-standardized mortality rate increased from 0.107 per 100000 to 0.162 per 100000. The DALYs rate increased from 2.746 per 100000 to 7.389 per 100000, and the age-standardized DALYs rate increased from 3.330 per 100000 to 4.679 per 100000. The number of lung cancer deaths and DALYs both peaked in the 65-69 age group. Joinpoint regression analysis showed significant upward trends in mortality, age-standardized mortality, DALYs rate, and age-standardized DALYs rate from 1990 to 2021, with AAPCs of 3.655%, 1.382%, 3.256%, and 1.108%, respectively (all P<0.001). From 2016 to 2021, both the mortality rate and age-standardized mortality rate increased, with APCs of 4.163% and 1.735%, respectively. From 2015 to 2021, the DALYs rate increased (APC: 3.137%), and from 2016 to 2021, the age-standardized DALYs rate also rose (APC: 1.578%). For females, both mortality and DALYs rates increased from 2015 to 2021 (APCs: 6.269% and 5.426%, respectively). Among males, the mortality rate increased from 2018 to 2021 (APC: 3.477%) . Conclusion: From 1990 to 2021, the disease burden of lung cancer related to occupational PAHs exposure in China has significantly increased, particularly among the elderly population. Public health policies should enhance screening and prevention efforts targeting the high-risk populations.

Comparative analysis of global and Chinese trends in the burden of ischemic stroke attributable to secondhand smoke from 1990-2021.

Ischemic stroke (IS) represents a major health burden in China, and tobacco control is recognized as a practical and effective strategy to alleviate this impact. This study examines the influence of secondhand smoke (SHS) on the IS burden in China from 1990-2021. Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021, this study analyzed the mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) burden of ischemic stroke (IS) attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS) in China and globally from 1990 to 2021. This study examined trends across different age and sex groups and projected future mortality and DALYs, providing a scientific basis for targeted public health strategies. Over the past 32 years, the number of IS deaths from SHS exposure in China rose from 23394.83 (95% UI: 15837.47-32315.19) in 1990 to 53697.88 (95% UI: 35003.84-76382.65) in 2021. Despite this increase, the ASMR declined from 3.94 (95% UI: 2.59-5.54) per 100000 population in 1990 to 2.92 (95% UI: 1.88-4.21) in 2021, with an AAPC of -0.04 (95% CI: -0.04-0.03). However, China's ASMR and ASDR remain significantly higher than the global average. APC analysis revealed greater mortality trends among the elderly and females. Over the next 30 years, mortality rates will decline across all ages, but deaths will rise, especially in those aged 75 years and older. The mortality rate of SHS-related IS in China declined from 1990 to 2021, but elderly and female patients still face a high burden. China's disease burden remains higher than the global average. While mortality rates may continue to decline, deaths are expected to rise, especially among those aged 75 years and older.

Burdens of idiopathic developmental intellectual disability attributable to lead exposure from 1990 to 2021 and projection to 2035 in China: findings from the 2021 global burden of disease study.

To analyze the burden and trend of idiopathic developmental intellectual disability (IDII) attributed to lead (Pb) exposure in China from 1990 to 2021 and to predict the trend from 2022 to 2035. We used the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 data to estimate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) of IDII attributable to Pb exposure. The annual average percentage change (AAPCs) was estimated to evaluate the changing trend of IDII ASDR attributable to Pb exposure from 1990 to 2021. The age-period-cohort (APC) and Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) was used to assess and predict changes in the DALYs of IDII attributable to Pb exposure. From 1990 to 2021, the number of DALYs and rate of the total population, males and females in China showed a fluctuating and decreasing trend. The APC showed that the age deviation had an upward trend and then decreased, the period deviation showed an 'N' shaped trend, and the cohort deviation model showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The BAPC model predicts that the number of DALYs and ASDR will continue to decline, with males declining faster than females, and that by 2035, females will have higher DALYs and ASDR than males. From 1990 to 2035, the burden of IDII attributed to Pb exposure in China showed a downward trend. But the DALYs and ASDR in females will be higher than that in males in 2035. It is essential to prioritize intervention, prevention, and control measures for females.

Mercury levels in freshwater aquatic products across China: Spatial distribution, species differences, and health risk assessment.

Mercury levels in freshwater aquatic products across China: Spatial distribution, species differences, and health risk assessment.

The risk assessment and burden of cancer attributable to dietary cadmium exposure in China, 2019.

The risk assessment and burden of cancer attributable to dietary cadmium exposure in China, 2019.

A decade of China's air quality monitoring data suggests health impacts are no longer declining.

A decade of China's air quality monitoring data suggests health impacts are no longer declining.

Disease burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to lead exposure in China from 1990 to 2019, and projections until 2030

ABSTRACT The burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) attributable to lead exposure in China remains poorly understood. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019, we aim to explore the epidemiological trends and specific burdens, providing insights into environmental health. In 2019, the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years of IHD attributable to lead exposure in China reached 105,857 and 1,899,139, respectively. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) were 6.46 and 101.29 per 100,000 population, respectively. The burden was higher in males than in females. The estimated ASMR is projected to decrease to 7.08 and 3.37 per 100,000 for males and females by 2030, while the ASDR is expected to decline to 100.57 and 45.30 per 100,000 for males and females. The burden of IHD attributable to lead exposure is substantial in China, highlighting the grave public health concern posed by lead pollution.

Epidemiological trends in the burden of chronic kidney disease due to lead exposure in China from 1990 to 2021 compared to global, and projections until 2050

ABSTRACT Lead is an environmental and occupational heavy metal and contaminant that can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study analyzed the long-term trend burden from 1990-2021 using Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, projecting trends through 2050 with Bayesian age-period-cohort models. In 2021, the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of lead-associated CKD was 8635.60 and 189127.20. And age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates were 0.47 per 100,000 population and 9.39 per 100,000 population, respectively. Compared with 1900, all indicators have declined except for death number, all of which were below global level. The sex-specific burden increased with increasing age, and was higher in males. The downward trend in sex-specific burden from 2020-2050 was observed. While overall burden has decreased, persistent environmental lead pollution necessitates targeted prevention for males and middle-aged/elderly populations. CKD management and pollution control remain critical public health challenges in China.

The role of climate and urbanization in compound meteorological event exposure in China’s megacities

The role of climate and urbanization in compound meteorological event exposure in China’s megacities

Association between pyrrolizidine alkaloids exposure and risk of abnormal serum indices—Insights from a descriptive cross-sectional study in Yunnan Province

Association between pyrrolizidine alkaloids exposure and risk of abnormal serum indices—Insights from a descriptive cross-sectional study in Yunnan Province

Source and bioavailability of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in dust: Implications for Nationwide Exposure in China

Source and bioavailability of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in dust: Implications for Nationwide Exposure in China

Mode of action exploration for prostate epithelial cell injury caused by bisphenol A

Mode of action exploration for prostate epithelial cell injury caused by bisphenol A

The burden of cancer attributable to dietary dioxins and dioxin-like compounds exposure in China, 2000–2020

Dioxin is a typical class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that could cause cancer. In China, the contribution of dietary dioxins to the cancer burden remains underexplored. This study evaluates the cancer risk and burden due to dietary dioxins and dioxin-like compounds among Chinese residents from 2000 to 2020. Based on adjustments in China’s dioxin policies, the study period was divided into three stages with split years of 2007 and 2014 to estimate the toxic equivalent (TEQ) of dioxins. Participants in dietary surveys conducted in 31 provinces were included. Dietary exposure to dioxins was estimated in a probability model and compared with the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI). The risk was assessed using carcinogenic slope factors and expressed as the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). A two-stage model evaluated the burden of cancer attributable to dietary dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Among all food categories, the highest concentration of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds was observed in aquatic foods at 0.15 pg TEQ/kg. Median dietary exposure to dioxins among Chinese residents decreased from 12.39 pg TEQ/kg/month to 8.72 pg TEQ/kg/month between 2000 and 2020. Consequently, the ILCR due to dietary dioxins declined from 6.44 × 10-5 to 4.53 × 10-5. The health risks were higher in younger groups and among residents of coastal areas (P < 0.001). The burden of cancer attributable to dietary intake of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in the Chinese population in 2000–2007, 2008–2014, and 2015–2020 was 2.25 (2.09–2.42) per 100,000, 2.20 (2.06–2.35) per 100,000, and 1.68 (1.60–1.77) per 100,000, respectively. Furthermore, the disease burden was highest for prostate cancer in men and for breast cancer in women. The dioxin management policies has reduced the burden of cancer attributable to dietary exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in China. However, excess exposure in coastal areas and children remains a priority for attention.

Observed Effects on Very Early Pregnancy Linked to Ambient PM2.5 Exposure in China among Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer.

The adverse effect of ambient PM2.5 exposure on very early pregnancy (VEP) remains controversial among epidemiological studies but is supported by toxicological evidence. We adopted a multicenter retrospective cohort of 141,040 cycles to evaluate the effect of PM2.5 exposure on the VEP using the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer platform and high-resolution PM2.5 data in China. We first investigated the association between PM2.5 exposure 1 week before and 1 week after the embryo transfer date and VEP. The average PM2.5 concentrations of the 2 weeks were approximately 47 μg/m3. The pooled results revealed a negative association between women's accumulated PM2.5 exposure during the 2 weeks near the day of embryo transfer and success odds of VEP with the relative risk of 0.999 (95% CI: 0.997-0.999) at each increase of 10 μg/m3. The women with the fresh cycle or one transplanted embryo were considered as a vulnerable population. Furthermore, seven periods for the fresh cycle and five periods for the frozen cycle from 85 days before oocyte retrieval to the day of gestational sac detection by ultrasound detection were defined. For these exposure periods, no association between the average PM2.5 exposure and VEP risk was identified. Our study provided large-scale population evidence for the association between PM2.5 exposure near embryo transfer day and VEP and identified vulnerable populations among women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

Implications of 1.5 K climate warming on warm-season ozone exposure and atmospheric oxidation capacity in China

Implications of 1.5 K climate warming on warm-season ozone exposure and atmospheric oxidation capacity in China

Assessing subgroup differences and underlying causes of ozone-associated mortality burden in China using multi-source data

Assessing subgroup differences and underlying causes of ozone-associated mortality burden in China using multi-source data