Exploratory Factors Research Articles

New Kids on the Democracy Block: Europeanisation of Interest Groups in Central and Eastern Europe

The 2004 EU enlargement and related Europeanisation processes supported the development of stagnated interest group systems in many ways, including with respect to the professionalisation of mainly voluntary-based organisations in Central and Eastern Europe. In the pre-membership period and initial years after joining the EU, national interest groups from Central and Eastern Europe chiefly relied on EU-level interest groups for important information, knowledge, and know-how concerning EU policymaking, whereas 20 years of membership has today established them as equal partners and co-decision-makers. The article elaborates on the Europeanisation of interest groups in the Central and Eastern Europe region from the start of the process of accession to the EU, with three case studies in focus: Lithuania, Poland, and Slovenia. The main research question is: In which different ways has the Europeanisation process influenced interest groups in the region? To address it, the article builds on Johansson and Jacobsson’s (2016) typology of the Europeanisation of interest groups. Six exploratory factors were examined in this regard: (a) contacts with EU policymakers and institutions, (b) interest in EU policymaking, (c) funding received from EU projects and programmes, (d) networking with EU umbrella organisations, (e) participation in open consultations, and (f) the relationship of the group with members. To study the effects of Europeanisation processes in selected countries, web survey data gathered from national interest groups as part of the Comparative Interest Groups Survey project were used. Our results show that interest groups from Central and Eastern Europe have become “European” in a range of ways. Regulatory and discursive Europeanisation is most typical for Polish interest groups, identity Europeanisation for Lithuanian interest groups, and financial and participatory Europeanisation for Lithuanian and Polish interest groups, while organisational Europeanisation has the strongest effect on interest groups in Slovenia.

The transcultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the Oral Health Literacy Scale for Diabetic Patients

BackgroundDiabetic patients’ oral health concerns are a reality for every diabetic patient in China. The attitudes of diabetic patients toward early identification of oral literacy influence oral literacy in diabetes patients. Diabetes patients' oral health literacy is critical for providing focused education and therapies. However, no instrument exists to measure oral health literacy in Chinese diabetic patients. In this study, the English version of the oral health literacy among people living with diabetes (OHLD) scale was cross-culturally validated to provide a reliable tool for assessing the oral health literacy of diabetic patients in China.ObjectiveThe oral literacy among people living with diabetes (OHLD) scale was Chineseized and its reliability and validity tested, and the OHLD scale was revised to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the OHLD scale and to provide a tool for assessing the oral health literacy of diabetic patients in China.MethodsA modified version of the Brislin translation model was used, cross-cultural adaptation was performed through expert consultation and pre-survey, and expert opinion was used to assess content validity to form the Chinese version of the Oral Health Literacy Scale for Diabetic Patients, which was administered to 420 diabetic patients in two tertiary hospitals in Liaoning Province from March to August 2023. The reliability of the scale was tested. SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0 were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe Chinese version of the OHLD scale consisted of three dimensions and 10 entries. Structure of the validity analysis: three factors were extracted from the exploratory factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 79.794%; Content validity results:An item’s content validity index (I-CVI) was 0.857 to 1 at the entry level, and the content validity index of the scale (S-CVI) was 0.928 at the scale level. The results of the reliability analyses were: the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.908; the Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the factors and dimensions were 0.853 to 0.922; the split-half reliability was 0.827; and the test–retest reliability was 0.848. The results of the validation factor analysis showed that (χ2/df) was 1.430, the root mean square of the error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.045, the comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.989, and the Tucker Lewis index (TLI) was 0.985, which showed that the model had an overall good fit.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the OHLD scale has good reliability and validity and can be used as a valid tool for assessing diabetes mellitus patients in China.

Study on the optimization of college students’ emotion management strategies based on multivariate statistical analysis

Abstract In this paper, a factor analysis of emotion management competencies was conducted using multivariate statistical analysis for the emotion management strategies of college students. Five competencies, such as emotion regulation ability and seeking external support, were selected as exploratory factors, and KMO and Bartlett's sphericity test verified their feasibility. After the factors were identified, the correlation and influence of physical exercise on college students’ emotion management ability were investigated based on multiple regression methods, and optimization strategies were proposed in turn. In terms of exercise time, college students’ emotion management ability was significantly correlated with exercise time in general, and the correlation coefficient was 0.885. The intensity and frequency of physical exercise showed a linear relationship with college students’ emotion management ability, and the coefficients of the standardized regression equation were 0.325 and 0.246, in turn.

STUDENT SATISFACTION WITH LECTURERS’ TEACHING PRACTICES – A CASE STUDY AT THE CHINESE DEPARTMENT, HANOI UNIVERSITY

Students' satisfaction with the teaching activities of lecturers is an issue that deserves to be studied, the level of student satisfaction affects their learning performance. Our research subjects are students of the Chinese language department of Hanoi University. The article uses quantitative research method through questionnaire survey (n=201). After collecting the questionnaires, we used the statistical software SPSS 22.0 to analyze reliability, exploratory factors, multivariate linear regression and draw conclusions. The research shows that: (1) Student's satisfaction with teaching activities of lecturers is at a high average level; (2) Student satisfaction with lecturers' teaching activities is influenced by factors such as teaching methods, attitudes, knowledge and capacity of lecturers; (3) The influence level of 4 factors in descending order is method>attitude>knowledge>competence. This study also provides some suggestions for teachers' teaching.

Mobile Health Fitness Interventions: Impact of Features on Routine Use and Data Sharing Acceptability

BackgroundMobile health (mHealth) interventions are increasingly being used for cardiovascular research and physical activity promotion. ObjectivesAs a result, the authors aimed to evaluate which features facilitate and impede routine engagement with mobile fitness applications. MethodsWe distributed a pan-Canadian online questionnaire via the behavioral research platform Prolific.co to evaluate what features are associated with the use and routine engagement (ie, daily or weekly use) of mHealth fitness applications and attitudes about data sharing. Binary logistic regression was used to quantify the association between these endpoints and exploratory factors such as the perceived utility of various mHealth application features. ResultsThe survey received 694 responses. Most people were women (62%), the median age was 28 years (range: 18-78 years), and most people reported current use of an mHealth fitness application (48%). The perceived importance of personal health (OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.34-4.50) was the factor most associated with the current use of an mHealth fitness application. The feature most associated with routine engagement was the ability to track progress toward a goal (OR: 5.10; 95% CI: 2.73-9.61) while the most significant barrier was the absence of goal customization features (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25-0.81). The acceptance of sharing health data for research was high (56%), and privacy concerns did not significantly affect routine engagement (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.40-1.77). Results were consistent across race and gender. ConclusionsmHealth interventions have the potential to be scaled across populations. Optimizing applications to improve self-monitoring and personalization could increase routine engagement and, thus, user retention and intervention effectiveness.

FACTORS AFFECTING RESPONSIBLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENTIN PHU QUOCCITY, KIEN GIANG PROVINCE

Responsible tourism will be the mainstream for the future tourism industry with the aim of using tourism to create economic, social and environmental sustainability at the destination. This study was conducted to provide a case for Phu Quoc city, Kien Giang Province to develop responsible tourism. The main data of the study were provided by 160 visitors through a questionnaire and analyzed in the form of descriptive statistics, scale reliability, exploratory factors and multivariable linear regression. The research results show that there are 6 factors affecting the development of responsible tourism in Phu Quoc city in descending order: (1) responsible communication in tourism, (2) organization management in tourism, responsible catering, (3) responsible accommodation, (4) responsible community action in tourism, (5) tourism management and (6) responsible tourism product development. This study not only complements the theory and practice of responsible tourism, but also serves as a basis for Phu Quoc city to find solutions to develop more responsible local tourism in the future.

Factors Affecting Responsible Tourism Development in Phu Quoc City, Kien Giang Province

Responsible tourism will be the mainstream for the future tourism industry with the aim of using tourism to create economic, social and environmental sustainability in the destination. This study was conducted to provide arguments for Phu Quoc city, Kien Giang province in developing responsible tourism. The main data of the study were provided by 160 visitors through a questionnaire survey and analyzed in the form of descriptive statistics, scale reliability, exploratory factors and multivariable linear regression. The research results show that there are 6 factors affecting the development of responsible tourism in Phu Quoc city in descending order: (1) responsible communication in tourism, (2) organization management in tourism responsible catering, (3) responsible accommodation operation, (4) responsible community action in tourism (5) tourism management and (6) responsible tourism product development. This study not only complements the theory and practice of responsible tourism but also serves as a basis for Phu Quoc city to come up with solutions to develop more responsible local tourism in the future.

Insurance Literacy: Significance of Its Dimensions for Insurance Inclusion in Uganda

The aim of the study was to establish the significance of the individual components of insurance literacy—knowledge, skills, attitude and behaviour—in explaining insurance inclusion in Uganda. The study was correlational and cross-sectional by design. Hence, 400 responses were obtained from individuals who enrolled for insurance. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was adopted to test the predictive power of the dimensions of insurance literacy on insurance inclusion in Uganda. Before performing correlational and regression analyses, the study variables were tested for parametric assumptions, convergent and discriminant validity, common method variance and exploratory factors. The results of the study revealed that knowledge, skills and attitude significantly and positively predicted insurance inclusion in Uganda. Contrary to prior studies, behaviour was found to have an insignificant positive influence on insurance inclusion in Uganda. Overall, the individual components of insurance literacy explained 38.5% of the variation in insurance inclusion in Uganda. Notably, the current study contributes to the nascent literature on insurance literacy and insurance inclusion. Earlier studies have ignored the insurance component of financial inclusion. The originality of this study lies in that it is the first to examine the significance of the individual dimensions of insurance literacy towards explaining insurance inclusion. The implication of this study is that policymakers should consider insurance literacy in national financial inclusion strategies and financial literacy programmes in order to foster insurance inclusion.

Building information modelling adoption for construction waste reduction in the construction industry of a developing country

PurposeThis paper aims to present the result of an assessment of the potential effect of building information modelling (BIM) adoption on the reduction of construction waste (CW) from a developing country's perspective. This was done with a view to reducing the waste generated in construction projects particularly at the design and pre-contract stages.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a post-positivism philosophical approach, which informed the use of a quantitative research design and a questionnaire as instrument for data collection. The data gathered from construction professionals in the Nigeria construction industry were analysed using an array of statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, Kruskal–Wallis H-test, Kendall's coefficient of concordance, chi-square and exploratory factors analysis.FindingsThe study revealed five major groups of factors causing CW at the design and pre-contract stages that can be avoided or minimised through BIM implementation. These are; (1) errors in design and documentation, (2) specification and quality factors, (3) estimating and site condition factors, (4) planning of work factors and (5) procurement related factors.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study offer practical insight for industry participants on the need for BIM implementation to reduce CW by identifying the diverse areas responsible for these waste generation.Originality/valueWhile there has been significant literature on BIM implementation, contributions on the effect of this technology in reducing waste generation particular at the design and pre-contract stages in developing countries has been almost non-existent. This study strives to fill in this gap by showcasing the major waste generating activities that can be avoided through the use of BIM.

The Involvement in Alcoholics Anonymous Scale - Short Form: Factor Structure & Validation

Background: The aim of this research was to examine the psychometrics of a short form version of the multidimensional Involvement in Alcoholics Anonymous scale (IAA-SF) by assessing the factor structure, internal consistency, and predictive validity. While there are several existing measures of involvement in Alcoholics Anonymous, many are either unidimensional or are limited in their ability to gather variation in the level of involvement in the different dimensions of 12-step programs. Objective: To achieve our aim, we used exploratory and principal axis factor analysis, correlation, and logistic regression with two unique and diverse samples. Longitudinal data were collected from a northern Illinois sample of 110 post-treatment adults, and cross-sectional data were from a random sample of 296 recovery home residents in the United States. Results: Results from the first sample suggested three exploratory factors (Principles Involvement, Social Involvement, and Spiritual Involvement) that were concordant with the proposed conceptualization and were then confirmed in the second sample. A 2nd order factor of global involvement was also found. All subscales demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency and were moderately associated with AA affiliation. Global and social involvement predicted greater odds of abstinence 2 years later, but principles and spiritual involvement did not. Conclusion: Overall results suggest the IAA- SF is a valid and reliable 12-item instrument for assessing involvement in the AA program, and the differential prediction suggests potential utility for a multidimensional approach to 12-step involvement.

Determinant Factors Influencing Organic Food Purchase Intention

Consumers have become highly concerned about their enduring health and moulding behaviour towards health benefits purchases. With regard to this, the paper aims to examine the determining factors that influence the purchase intention of organic food in Biratnagar. Among different exploratory factors, this paper aims to study the impact of trust, health consciousness and knowledge on the purchase intention of organic food. A self-administered questionnaire was sent on a random basis and 170 responses were recorded. To investigate the correlation among the variables Pearson Correlation was used and Multiple regression to find the impact of different factors on the purchase intention of organic food. The research findings reported that knowledge was the key determinant factor and showed a positive significant impact on purchase intention. Trust and health consciousness didn’t significantly impact organic food purchases. The article recommends that government and policymakers give immense attention towards organic farming and provide necessary awareness to encourage the purchase of organic food.

Lean Staff Management in the Light of the Covid-19: Exploratory Factors’ Analysis – Case Studies for Service Companies

Lean Staff Management in the Light of the Covid-19: Exploratory Factors’ Analysis – Case Studies for Service Companies

The Dementia Coding System (DeCS): Development and initial evaluation of a coding system to assess positive, challenging, and music-related behaviors of people with dementia

ABSTRACT Introduction The Dementia Coding System (DeCS), an observational assessment tool to measure positive, challenging, and music-related behaviors in people with dementia, was developed and psychometrically evaluated to assess effects of non-pharmacological interventions (for example, individualized music interventions). Method Data from N = 114 people with dementia were analyzed for factorial validity, internal consistencies, and test-retest reliability. Factorial validity was analyzed using explorative factor analysis (EFA). Results The results indicate a single factor including nine items that represent “Positive Behaviors”. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also acceptable for this single factor. Two exploratory factors (“Challenging Behaviors”, “Musical Engagement”) were proposed for behaviors that could not be included in the EFA due to insufficient variability. Here again, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were calculated with acceptable results. Discussion In conclusion, DeCS is a useful coding system to assess effects of non-pharmacological interventions, especially music-based interventions for people with dementia, across a variety of behavioral indicators of negative and positive aspects of quality of life.

Industry support for dental implant research: A metatrend study of industry partnership in the development of new technologies

Statement of problemIndustry needs scientific knowledge to develop new products and services, and their financial support to dental implant researchers translates into commercial products. Therefore, identifying the relevant factors for a successful industry partnership is important. PurposeThe purpose of this study was to provide a 20-year bibliometric overview of industry-sponsored studies in implant dentistry to identify possible factors involved in industry partnership motivations. Material and methodsA hand search of 6 of the most established journals in the implant dentistry field was performed for articles published in 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019. Information regarding the continent of origin of the corresponding author, interinstitute collaboration, type and topic of research, and the h-index of the corresponding author was recorded for each included article. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine statistical relationship between industry support and exploratory factors (α=.05). ResultsA 6% increase in the chance of industry investment was observed over the years (odds ratio [OD]=1.06; P<.001). Studies from North America (OD=4.87; P<.001) and Europe (OD=3.13; P<.001) were more likely to receive industry funding. Data also revealed a direct relationship between the increasing number of institutions involved in the study and the probability of industry funding (OD=1.21; P<.001). Animal studies (OD=2.26; P<.001) about surgical procedures and prosthodontic topics (OD=1.40; P=.044) stood out for having greater industry support. Researchers with an h-index between 31 and 40 were more likely to receive industry financial support (OD=2.46; P=.001). ConclusionsIndustry support for dental implant research was closely aligned with the continent of origin, interinstitute collaboration, type and topic of research, and the h-index of the corresponding author.

Validity and reliability of Persian version of the workplace cognitive failures scale and its relationship with personality traits.

In nursing practice, cognitive failures can be evaluated as an essential indicator of the cognitive capacity of individuals. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Workplace Cognitive Failures Scale (P-WCFS) among Iranian nurses and its relationship with personality traits. Data collection had two phases: 1) The P-WCFS prepared through a standard translation process. Then the content validity was evaluated by a panel of specialists. Reliability Cronbach's coefficient alpha obtained 0.91 from a pilot study. 2) For measuring neuroticism and conscientiousness used the Goldberg Personality Questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factors analyzed in two separate parts of the sample (n = 351). SPSS (v 18) and STATA 14 performed for Statistical analysis. Spearman correlation and Pearson correlation coefficient used to measuring the convergence and examine the relationship between the subscales of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was 0.92, which showed a high level of reliability for this questionnaire. The three-factor model of WCFS was well-fitted. The reliability of all three sub-scales was a reasonable level. Cognitive failures and its subscales had negative and strong relationships with conscientiousness and neuroticism. The highest internal consistency was related to memory subscale, and all scales had a success rate of 100%. This study showed the P-WCFS has high reliability and validity and can be used in nursing society.

Outcomes of Patients with Small Intestine Adenocarcinoma in a Canadian Province: A Retrospective Multi-Center Population-Based Cohort Study.

Simple SummarySmall intestine adenocarcinoma is a rare cancer. Given the rarity of this cancer, the clinicopathological characteristics and the role of chemotherapy in both the early and advanced stages have not been well studied. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of all patients who were diagnosed with small intestine adenocarcinoma over a 10-year period in the province of Saskatchewan. Most patients with small intestine adenocarcinoma were diagnosed with advanced-stage disease. We found that advanced-stage disease, poor performance status, lack of curative surgery, and a baseline neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio of >4.5 were significantly correlated with inferior survival.Background: Small intestine adenocarcinoma is a rare cancer. The current study aims to determine the outcomes of patients with small intestine adenocarcinoma in a Canadian province. Methods: This retrospective population-based cohort study assessed patients with small intestine adenocarcinoma who were diagnosed from 2008 to 2017 in Saskatchewan. A Cox proportional multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between survival and exploratory factors. Results: 112 eligible patients with a median age of 73 years and M:F of 47:53 were identified. Overall, 75% had a comorbid illness, and 45% had a WHO performance status >1. Of the 112 patients, 51 (46%) had early-stage disease and 61 (54%) had advanced-stage disease. The median overall survival (mOS) was as follows: stage one, 59 months; stage two, 30 months; stage three, 20 months; and stage four, 3 months (p < 0.001). The median disease-free survival of patients with stage three disease who received adjuvant chemotherapy was 26 months (95% CI:23.1–28.9) vs. 4 months (0.0–9.1) with observation (p = 0.04). Patients who received chemotherapy for advanced disease had a mOS of 10 months (3.5–16.5) vs. 2 months (0.45–3.6) without chemotherapy (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, stage four disease, hazard ratio (HR), 3.20 (1.84–5.40); WHO performance status >1, HR, 2.22 (1.42–3.45); lack of surgery, HR, 2.10 (1.25–3.50); and a neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio of >4.5, HR, 1.72 (1.10–2.71) were significantly correlated with inferior survival. Conclusions: Most patients with small intestine adenocarcinoma were diagnosed with advanced-stage disease. Advanced-stage disease, poor performance status, lack of surgery and a baseline neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio >4.5 were correlated with inferior survival.

Factors That Most Considered In Determining The Green Trust And Green Buying Interest

This study aims to examine the factors that are most considered by the community in determining trust and buying interest in green products. This research is a qualitative-quantitative descriptive study using a questionnaire as an instrument. The population and sample used in this study were the people of the city of Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan as many as 150 respondents using the non-purposive sampling method. The analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive analysis and average comparison analysis. This study examines 6 factors consisting of (1) Trust in objects, (2) Trust in Attributes, (3) Trust in Benefits, (4) Interest in buying transactionally, (5) Interest in Buying Referrals, (6 ) Interest in Preference (Preferential) and (7) Level of Curiosity (Explorative). The results of the study found that: (1) the level of trust and buying interest of the people of the city of Banjarmasin towards green products was in the medium category; (2) The factor of trust variable which is considered more dominant for respondents to consider based on the results of the highest average rating is trust in attributes (Price and Promotion) followed by trust in objects (Appearance and Quality), and trust in benefits (environment and health). (3) The factors of buying interest which are considered more dominant for the public to consider are referential, followed by preferential factors, exploratory factors and transactional factors.

Consumer Inclination to Purchase Personal Care Products in Salem City

The study's goal is to assess consumers' proclivity to buy personal care items in Salem. The data for the study was collected by using direct interview with the consumers who were purchasing personal care products via an interview schedule. The study collects data from 794 consumers in different parts of Salem City. The study was commenced with the motive to test demographic profile of consumers, factors influencing consumer inclination and satisfaction of consumers while purchasing personal care products. The data was appropriately collated and analyzed using basic frequencies and percentages, exploratory factors, weighted ranking, as well as multiple regression. The study confirmed that consumer inclination mainly relies on store ambience, product quality, product promotion, product price, interest to purchase, and external influences. Consumer satisfaction was mainly influenced by the package quality, variety of product, and quality offered by the personal care products. It is concluded that several factors determine consumer inclination to procure personal care products.

Factors affecting social accountability of medical schools in the Korean context: exploratory factor and multiple regression analyses

ABSTRACT The concept of social accountability of medical schools is becoming increasingly important worldwide, and numerous frameworks and evaluation tools have been developed. This study examined how global concepts work in a specific context by identifying the factors affecting medical schools’ social accountability performance in the Korean context. A survey was conducted with 40 current deans of medical schools and 15 medical education experts in Korea to assess their opinions on the implementation of social accountability of medical schools. A questionnaire survey comprising five key factors, including 39 items, was developed based on a literature review. Exploratory factors were analyzed to derive factors affecting social accountability Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the importance of each factor in the implementation of social accountability of medical schools. The exploratory factor analysis revealed that eight factors in three areas influenced the implementation of social accountability by medical schools. The hardware (H) area included the declaration of social accountability and physicians, organizations and systems for implementing social accountability, and physical environment and finance. The software (S) area included curriculum design-related social accountability and monitoring and evaluation system. The partner (P) area included the proximity between partners, building partnerships among stakeholders, and interactions between partners. Multiple regression analysis revealed that ‘interactions between partners’ had the greatest impact on the implementation of social accountability of medical schools. It is a social accountability implementation model that reflects global principles within the Korean context. The HSP model is significant in that individual medical schools can be used in establishing mandated mechanisms for accreditation. Future studies could adapt this model to study standards and indicators in other contexts.

The factor analysis approach to mortality prediction in COVID-19 severe disease using laboratory values: a retrospective study

Aim: Factor analysis is a statistical approach used mainly in social science scale development systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of factorial structures formed by laboratory values in predicting mortality in severe COVID-19 patients.&#x0D; Material and Method: The study included 281 patients diagnosed with ‘‘severe coronavirus infection’’ according to the WHO COVID-19 clinical management guideline who were treated in a 13-bed adult tertiary-level critical care unit of a tertiary level hospital. For a total of 23 variables (ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine, Na, K, LDH, CRP, CK, ferritin, D-dimer, INR, TB, Glu, NLR, WBC, fibrinogen, % NEU, PLT, HTC, % LYM, TLC, Alb), laboratory values were collected. A two-step method was used to determine if exploratory factors might be used in place of laboratory variables. First, the ability of individual laboratory variables to predict mortality was obtained by analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Then, the ability of factors created from these variables to predict mortality was measured using ROC analysis. The area under curve (AUC) values were compared between the two conditions.&#x0D; Results: The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value calculated using factor analysis on the variables was found to be 0.661. The significance level of the Bartlett’s Test was 0.6. A five-factor structure was created based on the Scree Plot. The fifth factor, which included CRP, fibrinogen, and ferritin, was the highest for predicting mortality (AUC: 0.677). According to the individual laboratory variables, the first factor comprising TLC, CK, and NLR, had the most remarkable success (AUC: 0,642). &#x0D; Conclusions: The factor analysis approach can be used to present an alternative perspective for predicting mortality in COVID-19 critical disease. The factor including CRP, fibrinogen, and ferritin predicted mortality at the highest rate in this study.