This study investigates the reliability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in evaluating the quality of written lesson plans from pre-service teachers. A total of 32 lesson plans, each ranging from 60 to 100 pages, were collected during a teacher internship program for civic education pre-service teachers. Using the ChatGPT-o1 reasoning model, we compared a human expert standard with LLM coding outcomes in a two-phase explanatory sequential mixed-methods design that combined quantitative reliability testing with a qualitative follow-up analysis to interpret inter-dimensional patterns of agreement. Quantitatively, overall reliability across six qualitative components of written lessons plans (Content Transformation, Task Creation, Adaptation, Goal Clarification, Contextualization and Sequencing ) reached a moderate alignment in identifying explicit instructional features (α = .689; 73.8% exact agreement). Qualitative analyses further revealed that the LLM struggled with high-inferential criteria, such as the depth of pedagogical reasoning and the coherence of instructional decisions, as it often relied on surface-level textual cues rather than deeper contextual understanding. These findings indicate that LLMs can support teacher educators and educational researchers as a design-stage screening tool, but human judgment remains essential for interpreting complex pedagogical constructs in written lesson plans and for ensuring the ethical and pedagogical integrity of evaluation processes. We outline implications for integrating LLM-based analysis into teacher education and emphasize improved prompt design and systematic human oversight to ensure reliable qualitative use. • Focus on reliability of LLMs rating of written lesson plans (CODE-PLAN) • Explanatory sequential design: quantitative α, then follow-up qualitative analysis • LLMs align with experts on explicit, surface-identifiable plan features • Lower reliability on high-inference pedagogy and instructional coherence • Practice guidance: LLM-supported mentor–mentee feedback workflow

Clinical utility of serum S100B in monitoring alcohol withdrawal syndrome among patients with variable clinical backgrounds.

Displacement in the body: A mixed-methods study of the syndemic interaction of mental distress and musculoskeletal disorders among Afghan immigrants.

The effects of endometrial injury on endometrial receptivity in recurrent implantation failure.

Internet-based treatments for social anxiety disorder (SAD) have been widely studied in unguided and therapist-guided formats and, more recently, in group-guided formats that include guided online discussion forums. Little is known about what participants communicate and which processes unfold within these forum groups. This mixed-methods study analyzed communication in therapist-guided small-group forums integrated into an internet-based cognitive behavioral self-help program for SAD. Data stemmed from a three-arm randomized controlled trial and were limited to the forum arm. A qualitative content analysis of 511 forum posts from 60 participants identified 18 main categories. Communication was dominated by therapist input, interactional group processes, symptom-related exchanges, and relational content, indicating that the forum functioned as a shared therapeutic space linked to the cognitive-behavioral intervention. Exploratory associations between category frequencies and treatment outcomes were examined for completers (n=45). Higher frequencies of messages reflecting motivation (r=0.41), alliance (r=0.34), and observing positive consequences (r=0.32) were associated with greater symptom reduction on the Social Phobia Scale, but not on the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale. Program adherence (completed modules) was significantly associated with 10 of 18 categories, primarily motivational/relational processes, responses to self-disclosure, difficulties, and evaluations of alternative behaviors. Overall, therapist-guided online group forums extend the therapeutic learning environment by providing a social context in which motivational, relational, and treatment processes co-occur and are linked to outcome and adherence. Given the correlational and exploratory design, these associations should be interpreted cautiously and may represent mechanisms of change, markers of improvement, or both.

A comparative study of time perception in long-term meditators and non-meditators.

• Culturally Adaptive Framework: Proposes a "Culturally Adaptive AI" framework to harmonize algorithmic efficiency with social norms in high-power-distance cultures. • Sustainability Mediation: Demonstrates that AI adoption positively mediates the relationship between Green HRM (GHRM) practices and organizational sustainability performance. • The "Kreng Jai" Paradox: Identifies unique cultural moderators, specifically Kreng Jai (deferential consideration) and "face-saving," that necessitate a "human-in-the-loop" approach to AI. • TOE Predictors: Reveals that Technological Readiness and Organizational Support are the primary drivers of AI integration for sustainable futures. • Institutional Theory Contrast: Uncovers a paradox where Environmental Pressure shows a significantly weaker effect on AI adoption than predicted by Western-centric models. • Mixed-Methods Rigor: Utilizes a sequential explanatory design combining PLS-SEM analysis of 420 professionals with in-depth qualitative insights from 25 experts. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into sustainable operations frequently encounters algorithmic friction due to localized socio-cultural constraints, which Western-centric models often fail to address. This study proposes a novel constraint-aware algorithmic architecture for "Culturally Adaptive AI" that utilizes a structured Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) approach. The proposed system architecture consists of four distinct layers: a Data Integration Layer, an AI Decision Engine Layer, a Cultural Adaptation Middleware, and a User Interface Layer. To empirically validate the system's efficacy in driving sustainable performance, a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed, combining a quantitative evaluation of 420 professionals with qualitative insights from 25 expert interviews. Structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) confirms that technological readiness and organizational support significantly drive system adoption, effectively mediating the optimization of sustainable operations. Furthermore, qualitative findings reveal that specific cultural variables, such as "Kreng Jai" (deferential consideration) and high power distance, necessitate parameterizing the Cultural Adaptation Middleware to temper the speed of autonomous deployment. By harmonizing algorithmic efficiency with social norms, this engineering framework provides a robust, scalable blueprint for implementing HITL AI systems in emerging economies to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

To understand the impact of and subsequent reactions to exposure to extreme violence in young adults in South Africa exposed during school years. In particular, to get an in-depth understanding of its immediate consequences and factors that ameliorate or exacerbate it. An exploratory qualitative research design was used, using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews with 21 young South African adults aged 19-31 were conducted online. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Violence exposure was found to result in trauma reactions with themes of a continued sense of being unsafe, feeling damaged and defective because of having these reactions, and mistrust towards others. In terms of coping reactions, a theme of avoidance and/or reacting with aggressive behaviour was identified, which likely exacerbated the challenges they experienced. By contrast, a more positive theme was identified in some, focused on having a sense of community and connectedness, which was experienced as ameliorating these challenges. Exposure to community and school violence in childhood has a lasting impact on mental health and adjustment in later life. The impact is likely worsened by mistrust of others, a continued sense of feeling unsafe and counterproductive coping mechanisms, while connectedness and community seem to lessen the impact. Further research can refine these findings to build an understanding of these mechanisms to inform secondary prevention and treatment interventions in low- and middle-income countries.

Flexible benefits, workforce diversity, and working conditions as determinants of work-life balance among unionized employees in Thailand: A mixed methods study

The global hospitality industry operates at the confluence of powerful globalizing forces, including deep economic integration, rapid digitalization, and intensifying sustainability mandates. These macro-level structural forces have fundamentally reshaped the labor market, creating an urgent demand for a new generation of “glocal” leaders capable of translating transnational standards into local socio-economic realities. However, traditional educational models do not equip them to develop these boundary-spanning, integrative competencies. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a pedagogical innovation, an AI-Driven Sustainable Entrepreneurship (AISE) curriculum specifically designed to cultivate these capabilities through a facilitator-led, experiential learning model. The study employed a longitudinal, explanatory sequential mixed-methods research design to evaluate the impact of the curriculum. The initial phase involved a reflexive thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with program participants, which revealed critical themes related to transformative learning, including systems thinking, human-centric technology deployment, and the development of personal agency. The second phase utilized Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) on pre- and post-intervention data from 235 students to test a quantitative model of the pedagogical effects. The findings demonstrate a strong association between participation in the AISE curriculum, with its unique emphasis on instructor facilitation and simulated application, and a statistically significant positive increase in students’ Sustainability Mindset, AI Literacy, and, ultimately, their Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. The results indicate that a sustainability-oriented worldview and a deep understanding of artificial intelligence serve as crucial mediating variables in the development of entrepreneurial confidence. This research offers a robust, empirically validated potential model for higher education, providing an initial blueprint for cultivating leaders who can navigate the “glocal” (global–local) challenges of the contemporary world. It further discusses the critical role of the instructor and the resource implications for scaling such an intensive model, steering the hospitality sector toward a more resilient, responsible, and regenerative future

Artificial intelligence for surgical care in war-torn sudan: Feasibility, barriers, and ethical perspectives from a conflict zone.

Prevalence and causes for enteral nutrition interruptions in inpatients: A mixed-methods study.

Investigating student teachers' perceptions of authentic assessment: The influence of gender, field of study, and institutional context.

Considerations for enhancing the clinical translational potential of LLM-Based TBI mortality prediction models.

Design, synthesis, and multifaceted exploration of novel 2,5-diketopiperazine derivatives: supramolecular framework, anticancer activity, ctDNA binding, and antioxidant properties

Down syndrome (DS) affects approximately 1 in 700 to 1000 live births globally. Children with DS often face feeding difficulties that arise from low muscle tone and oral-motor dysfunction, making complementary feeding initiation particularly challenging. Despite the role of caregivers in addressing these challenges, research on their feeding patterns in low-resource settings like Rwanda is scarce. Therefore, we aimed at exploring the feeding patterns of caregivers of children with DS in Rwanda. We employed a qualitative exploratory design involving 34 caregivers from four hospitals. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. Twenty-eight people participated in focus group discussions (FGDs), while six took part in in-depth interviews (IDIs). The level of saturation determined the number of FGDs and IDIs. Informed consent was obtained before participation, and data collectors were granted permission to audio-record the interviews. The collected data were subsequently transcribed and analyzed thematically. Caregivers reported different developmental delays in children with DS, affecting timely initiation and progression of complementary feeding. Feeding challenges were more pronounced in children with DS compared to those without, with delays in food introduction and age-related changes in food consistency. Financial constraints and anatomical anomalies further contributed to difficulties in adequately feeding children with DS. Participants reported receiving necessary support for caring for their children from local authorities, healthcare facilities, and family members. However, some participants reported that male partners did not provide adequate support in caring for their children, with some husbands even abandoning the household following the diagnosis of DS. Caregivers of children with DS indicated that these children have developmental delays that negatively impact their feeding. They emphasized that financial issues and their anatomical anomalies contribute to feeding difficulties. Many participants also noted that insufficient support from male partners hinders their ability to provide proper nutrition.

Economic exclusion and criminal adaptations: A qualitative study of youth unemployment in Ghana

Biology teachers' professional transformation through research-based teaching material development: Building understanding, self-confidence, and teaching motivation.

Generative design combined with topology optimization for lightweight product structure: An implementation path

Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI)-adjusted pedestrian accessibility: Urban design exploration for climate-resilience in tropical climates