Exploitation Activities Research Articles

Efforts to Revitalize the Dieng Critical Slope troungh Community Empowerment: Case Tambi Coffee

Dieng Plateau is a protected area whose main function is to protect the preservation of the function of natural resources, artificial resources, as well as cultural and historical values of the nation. Forest damage in the Dieng Plateau has reached 50 to 60%. The conversion of forest functions to land for seasonal crops, especially potatoes has damaged the forest function area as a protected forest. The problem that is still the biggest challenge in efforts to restore Dieng as a protected area is the rehabilitation of critical land in community-owned land areas. Widespread land degradation occurs due to potato cultivation activities, the impact is that during the rainy season landslides occur in many residential points and along roads, floods that occur due to disruption of watersheds by landslides, and drought during the dry season. This research was conducted using qualitative methods with purposive selection of research locations. The research location is in Tambi Village, Wonosobo Regency, which is a conservation area through coffee cultivation. Observations and in-depth interviews were conducted. The results of this study indicate that community empowerment in Tambi Village is an important factor in efforts to revitalize the critical slopes of Dieng. This revitalization effort has been carried out by Bapak Romadhon for the last 12 years together with the surrounding community by planting coffee plants. Behind the success that has been achieved, there are many influencing factors, both external and internal. Many coffee farmers feel the benefits of growing coffee. The community began to realize that the activities they were doing so far were damaging the environment. Community empowerment and participation is a very important step for the recovery of critical slopes due to exploitation activities.

A REVIEW OF 10% INTEREST PARTICIPATION MANAGEMENT BASED ON THE PANCASILA ECONOMIC SYSTEM

This study aimed to identify the ideal arrangement and concept for the management of 10% interest participation in the oil and gas sector. Writing is done by reviewing library data, in the form of laws and regulations, books, articles, journals, and others. The results of the study show that arrangements regarding the management of the 10% interest participation are currently not implemented optimally and comprehensively, so by reconceptualizing the management of interest participation in a way that ismore integrative and in line with the Pancasila economic system, it will have positive implications for areas where exploration and exploitation activities have been carried out. This new concept of interest participationmanagement will be more equitable for oil and gas producing regions and prioritize joint ventures based on the principle of kinship for the prosperity of the people.

BENTUK DAMPAK INDUSTRI TAMBANG PADA TRANSFORMASI ASET SUMBERDAYA ALAM MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR DESA MOROSI KECAMATAN MOROSI KABUPATEN KONAWE

PT. Virtue Dragon Nickel Industry (VDNI) is the largest nickel mining company located in Morosi Village, Morosi District, Konawe Regency, operating from 2015 to the end of 2018. Before there was a mine in Morosi Village, most people depended on the agricultural sector, but not able to meet their daily needs. This study aims to find out: the impact of the VDNI industry on the transformation of natural resources assets of farming communities, the transformation of natural resources assets into economic assets of farming communities around the VDNI industry, and the economic transformation of farming community assets with the existence of the VDNI industry. This research was conducted in Morosi Village, Morosi District, Konawe Regency which was carried out in January 2022 with a total of 20 informants. Data analysis in this study used qualitative methods. The results of the study show that the impact of the VDNI industry on the transformation of natural resource assets is (a) migration. In this case, the socio-economic conditions in the area of origin that make it impossible to meet one's needs cause that person to want to go to another area that can meet those needs. This also happened in Morosi Village, with the PT VDNI industry attracting many migrants from various regions who aim to meet economic needs with various kinds of jobs such as being workers in the PT VDNI Industry and opening businesses (restaurants, immigrants buying local community land then leasing back the land to newcomers who open a cloning business and selling vegetables), Laborers of a boarding house building in Morosi Village. (b) Change of profession This also happened in Morosi Village, after the entry of the industry PT VDNI demanded that the community change their profession from agriculture to non-agriculture by freeing up part of the agricultural land to set up industries which of course had an impact on changing livelihoods. (c) Environmental pollution, observing the phenomenon of environmental impacts in the area around mining, in fact creates both positive and negative environmental impacts for the community. The inclusion of nickel mining in an area gives people hope for job creation, improvement of health service facilities such as health centers, as well as assistance for environmental sanitation facilities for villages and educational assistance. Nickel mining activities are non-renewable natural resource exploitation activities, in mining activities can have an impact on ecosystem damage. A damaged ecosystem is defined as an ecosystem that can no longer carry out its functions optimally, such as soil protection.

Samuel Hearne, The Denesuline, and The Beaver

Recent scholarship on Samuel Hearne's A Journey to the Northern Ocean (1795) has highlighted how Hearne's journey of exploration functioned to demonstrate the Hudson's Bay Company's strategic geopolitical worth, obscure the violence of its colonialist enterprise, and generate images of an empty North conducive to colonial settlement. Drawing on such scholarship, this essay attempts to nuance statements regarding Hearne's complicity in “emptying” the North by showing how the Journey establishes images of the Canadian North as neither completely barren nor fertile enough for settlement. Applying a natural-cultural contact zone perspective on Hearne's old text, I argue that the anthropocentric bias of the Journey's reception has impeded the realization that Hearne's zoological descriptions and sometimes sophisticated ecological contemplations owe much to the Denesuline who guide his travels. In part through his “beaver science”, Hearne deliberately opposes prospects of further colonization based on ideas of systemic expansion of the fur trade detached from the realities of local environmental conditions. His concern regarding the anthropomorphism and uncritical use of cultural metaphors in the emerging science of zoology nevertheless causes Hearne's “beaver science” to consolidate the distinctly anthropocentric and objectifying qualities of natural science that ultimately facilitate the exploitative activities of the Hudson's Bay Company.

The Mediation Role of Exploitative Activities on the Effect of Benevolent Leadership on Organizational Adaptability

Facing the current wave of change in the business world, organizations are required to be able to adapt well. Organizational adaptability is a competitive advantage and a condition for organizational survival. This study focuses on the role of benevolent leadership in organizational adaptability through the mediation of exploitation activities. Social exchange theory illustrates how benevolent leadership creates various attributes that support organizations adapting to the organizational environment through exploitative activities. This research involved 59 company managers who are in the biggest city in Indonesia, Jakarta. Data analysis using PLS-SEM v. 4.0. The results of this study reveal the positive influence of benevolent leadership on organizational adaptability and the mediating role of managers' exploitation activities.

The Impact of Ambidextrous Leadership on Firm Performance: An Empirical Analysis of Syrian SMEs

This study investigates the impact of ambidextrous leadership on firm performance among Syrian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Ambidextrous leadership, which entails the ability to adapt and balance between competing demands, has been identified as a key driver of organizational success. Using a sample of 381 SME business owners in Syria, the study employs multiple linear regression analysis to test the relationship between ambidextrous leadership and firm performance. The results indicate a positive and significant relationship between ambidextrous leadership and firm performance, thus suggesting that business owners who effectively balance both exploratory and exploitative activities are better positioned to enhance their firms' performance. The findings contribute to the existing literature on ambidextrous leadership and provide practical recommendations for business owners and policymakers in the Syrian context.

Properties of High Strength Concrete Containing Spent Garnet as Sand

Spent garnet is a waste resulting from abrasive media known as garnet and disposed into the landfill which can become threat to the environment. Meanwhile, the step of substituting sand by spent garnet can reduce sand exploitation activities which have been ongoing to fulfil the continuous development and construction. This work attempts to investigate the mechanical properties of specimens made of concrete that contains spent garnet. This new material replaces sand partially at different percentages of 10% and 20% by weight. The compressive strength test as well as splitting tensile test have been both conducted after 7 days and 28 days water curing. The results show an improvement of the strength during the compressive test. The increment appears to be in positive relationship with the replacement percentage. Meanwhile, splitting tensile strength testing shows that 20% performs better than 10% sand replacement. In conclusion, the inclusion of spent garnet in reasonable amount to take place instead of sand has improved the concrete’s properties.

Návrh úrovní exploatácie výbušných prostriedkov v podmienkach Slovenskej republiky

To mitigate enemy capabilities that can attack NATO and NATO‘s deployed units, systematic building up and developing a whole range of military capabilities are required. Keeping a pace with the enemy Technics, Tactics and Procedures (TTP), NATO has a set of exploitation activities on place that are the article’s content, particularly with focus on explosive ordnance. In addition, by following the methods of science, this article brings to its reader a proposal “How NATO’s common levels of exploitation can be implemented into the Slovak republic environment”. Nevertheless, results of the article initiates and can develop premisses on decision makers discussion “How the author’s proposal on exploitation is realistic to meet NATO’s interoperability within the national environment”.

Decentralized model of financial and investment provision of nature protection and nature exploitation activities: specific formation in urban and rural territorial communities

It has been established that increasing the efficiency of solving the problems of improving the environment and the rational involvement of natural resources in the reproductive process depends on the formation of a decentralized model of financial and investment support for nature protection and nature exploitation activities, which will make it possible to strengthen the investment focus of natural resource and environmental payments, which are concentrated in local budgets. It is substantiated that the key element of the decentralized model of financial and investment support for nature protection and nature exploitation activities is the increase in the share of the transfer of environmental tax and rent and fees for the use of other natural resources to local government budgets with their further accumulation in special environmental funds. It has been proven that it is worth applying a differentiated approach to the formation of a decentralized model of financial and investment support for nature protection and nature exploitation activities for urban and rural territorial communities, based on the significant gap between the size of the public financial potential in these categories of communities. It has been established that the formation of Environmental Protection Funds, where 100% of environmental tax, 30% of rent and fees for the use of other natural resources will be concentrated, should be the main link of the decentralized model of financial and investment support for nature protection and nature exploitation activities in urban territorial communities. 10% of the net profit of utilities. Making informed decisions about land use in both urban and rural territorial communities requires appropriate information support. It is substantiated that additional sources of filling the Environmental Protection Funds of urban territorial communities should be considered the receipt of funds accumulated in connection with the emission of green bonds of a local loan, the implementation of public-private partnership agreements, the participation of local governments in the implementation of grant programs, the receipt of financial assistance from international environmental protection organizations and governments of foreign countries. It was established that in rural territorial communities, the dominant role in financial and investment provision of solving environmental problems should remain at the oblast level of local self-government and regional executive power.

黄土高原神府资源开采区生态环境质量时空格局特征

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 黄土高原神府资源开采区生态环境质量时空格局特征 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202204100935 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31670549，31170664）；自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室开放基金（SXDJ2019\\03）；中央高校基本科研项目（300102270206） Temporal and spatial pattern characteristics of ecological environmental quality in Shenfu mining area of Loess Plateau Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:煤炭的开采促进了地区经济发展，同时也影响了当地的生态环境。因资源开采区在监测研究中常忽视了生态环境质量的长时间影响和时空变化。以神府开采区为例，基于Landsat系列遥感数据，使用遥感生态指数、Mann-Kendall检验法、R/S分析法等，对该区2000-2020年间生态环境质量时空格局特征进行时间序列分析和空间格局特征研究。结果表明：研究区域20年的RSEI均值为0.469，生态环境质量多年平均属于中等等级。2000-2020年间神府矿区生态环境质量总体上看有所改善，20年前后波动变化维持在0.523；同时建设用地也不断增加，从107.09km2增加至273.53km2。变化趋势上生态环境质量趋势变优、不显著和变差的面积比例分别约为56.1%、16.3%和27.6%。研究区生态环境可持续性整体上不强，大量区域显示反持续性特征。资源开采活动引发的地质环境问题致使生态环境退化，表现为直接影响区生态环境质量低于间接影响区，平均低2.68%。研究揭示了矿区长时间序列的变化状况与未来变化趋势及可持续性特征，探讨工矿业对生态环境质量的影响，为神府矿区生态环境评价与管理提供科学合理的依据。 Abstract:Coal mining not only promotes regional economic development, but also affects the local ecological environment. The long-term influence and spatiotemporal variation of ecological environment quality were often ignored in the previous research about resource mining area. Based on Landsat remote sensing data, remote sensing ecological index, Mann-Kendall test and R/S analysis were used to analyze the temporal and spatial pattern characteristics of ecological environment quality in Shenfu mining area from 2000 to 2020. The results show that the average value Remote Sensing Ecological Index of in the study area was 0.469 in the past 20 years. Besides, the average ecological environment quality of whole study area was in the medium grade. From 2000 to 2020, the ecological environment quality of Shenfu mining area has been improved, and the fluctuation of the eco-environmental quality has remained at 0.523 during two decades. Meanwhile, area of construction land increased from 107.09 km2 to 273.53 km2. The proportion of the area where the trend of ecological quality became better, insignificant and worse were about 56.1%, 16.3% and 27.6%, respectively. Overall the future persistence of ecological and environmental is low, and numerous areas showed anti-persistence characteristics. The geological environment problems caused by the resource exploitation activities led to ecological environment degradation, which showed that the value of RSEI in the directly affected area is about 2.68% lower than that in the indirectly affected area. The study revealed the long-term change status, future change trend and sustainable characteristics in Shenfu mining area. Besides, based on the discussion about impact of industry and mining on the ecological environment quality, it can provide a scientific and reasonable basis for the ecological environment evaluation and management of Shenfu mining area. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Some Legal Controversies on Equitable and Sustainable Utilization of Transboundary Water Resources in Practice (by Example of the Mekong River)

The use of transboundary water resources has gained internationally special attention for the past time. Although riparian countries recognize the benefits of cross-border rivers and enter into an agreement with countries sharing the transboundary rivers by legal rules, treaties and principles, they have done excessively riverine exploitation activities to maximize their socio-economic benefits causing the imbalance of the ecosystems and peace. International treaties, bilateral and multilateral basin, and principles are currently not enforceable enough to compel riparian countries strictly to comply with these legal rules and principles on the equitable and sustainable water coordination and development. Besides, there still exists internal conflicts among the upper and lower riparian countries on the use of transboundary river watercourses due to defective sanctions of transboundary water use. There is an urgent need to establish a specialized international water management commission designated by all nations with the utmost power to regulate human related activities concerning transboundary watercourses to govern equitable and sustainable management and development. Besides, current international law principles have to be revised to bridge the gap of disagreement and potential conflicts between the lower and upper riparian States.

Impacto económico del impuesto a la renta de 2022 en las remuneraciones de los empleados y trabajadores ecuatorianos en relación de dependencia

The income tax is one of the several sources of funding of all the countries, which includes the income of resources exploitation activities, production and/or services that people carry out. In Ecuador, the income tax collection is a choice made by the President by the Tributary Code, who proposes laws to the National Assembly to optimize its collection, being administered by the National Internal Income Services Office. In 2021, the President approved a new normative for the 2022 where the base for income tax was incremented. Hence, the income tax increased to the salary related to the employees’ job dependency. In this study, the authors seek to determine the increment needed to be paid as an income tax. The methodology followed in this study consisted of first organizing the data by objective to classify them by the required income sources considering relevance, completeness and timeliness. The metrics calculated for the increment in the income tax are a fundamental and innovative methodology that outlines the impact of the increment, significantly reducing the acquisitive power of the income compared to the previous year.

OPERATIONALIZING THE THEORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES TO ASSESS SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY AND SURVIVAL OF COASTAL COMMUNITIES IN NIGERIA

This paper operationalizes the theory of environmental externalities to assess socio-ecological sustainability and the survival of coastal communities in Nigeria. It argues that petroleum exploitation activities of Multinational Oil Corporations (MNOCs)in the coastal and marine areas of the Niger Delta in Nigeria produce negative environmental externalities and impose them on the environment at the expense of the survival of the coastal communities as third parties. The paper adopts the library research technique for data collection, while the analyses were conducted in the realm of the theory of environmental externalities. In the end, the paper identifies the theory of environmental externalities as a veritable tool for demystifying the costs and benefits of petroleum exploitation in Nigeria. In the realm of the theory also, the paper was able to underscore the fact that the negative environmental externalities, which are outcomes of the petroleum exploitation activities in the coastal and marine areas of the Niger Delta in Nigeria to a large extent, negatively impact socio-ecological sustainability and the survival of coastal communities in the region. Consequently, the paper concludes that the negative spill-over effects of petroleum exploitation on the coastal and marine environment undermine socio-ecological sustainability and risk the survival of the coastal communities in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Therefore, it recommends that the MNOCs, and the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN), which are the benefiting parties of the petroleum industry in the country should be more liable and adequately, compensate the coastal communities for the spill-over effects of the petroleum exploitation activities in the region. In addition, vital ecological regions should be identified and mapped out as protected areas (PAs) to avoid overexploitation on one hand, and on the other hand, to conserve the natural ecosystem resources the coastal communities depend on for survival in Nigeria..

Heavy Metals and Total Hydrocarbon Contents of Nypa fruticans Grown along the Shores of Qua Iboe River, Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria

This study ascertains the amount of heavy metal and hydrocarbon content in an area exposed to crude oil exploration and exploitation activities. The study area is the Qua Iboe River in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and the study samples were Nypa palm (Nypa fruticans) leaves obtained along the shores of the river. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Cu and Ni in the leaves were determined using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer while Total Hydrocarbon Content was determined using Gas Chromatography, coupled with the flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Results obtained showed that in site I, Pb mean concentration was 1.068±0.014 mg/kg, Cd (0.017±0.003 mg/kg), Cu (2.390±0.204 mg/kg), Ni (0.012±0.001 mg/kg) and THC (124.361.7± 1120.502 mg/kg) while for site II: Pb (1.076±0.025 mg/kg), Cd (0.028±0.003 mg/kg) Cu (0.037±0.007 mg/kg) Ni (2.049±0.024 mg/kg) and THC (311,813.4± 2950.291 mg/kg). Heavy metal concentration in the study sites were largely within the WHO permissible limits with the exception of Cd in site II. Generally, the amount of heavy metals and THC were higher in the study sites than in the control site, which was an area with negligent oil exploitation and industrial activities. Therefore, the elevated concentration of heavy metals and THC in the study sites may be attributed to the various industrial activities sited in the area.

Study on the dispersion of radon (222Rn) in geological objects in Bat Xat district, Lao Cai province, Northern Vietnam

The Bat Xat district in the Lao Cai province of Vietnam has enormous potential for resources of copper and rare earth minerals. In fact, exploration and exploitation activities for these minerals have brought about positive economic benefits to this area in recent years. However, this activity also brings about negative impacts on the environment and the surrounding population. The mineral deposits in this area contain a significant content of radioactive substances like uranium and thorium that radiate radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Rn). Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of radon as a function of depth of geological objects in the study areas. Results of this study showed that radon concentration has an exponential distribution with soil depth with R2 ranging from 0.87 to 0.97. It was found that radon concentration in sand was higher than that in clay and soils mixed with gravels. It was also shown that the density and moisture content of the soil is inversely proportional to the diffusion length of radon in the soil.

Making things happen: How employees' paradox mindset influences innovative performance.

Individual innovation involves many contradicted behavioral options such as creative vs. habitual actions and explorative vs. exploitative activities. However, the agentic nature of innovative behaviors has been widely ignored, and we know less about what factors lead individuals to approach and balance the contradictions caused by competing demands and intentionally engage in innovative behaviors. Integrating social cognitive theory and innovation paradox, we propose a chain-mediating model to explain how employees with a paradox mindset realize the creative benefits through their innovative endeavors, considering role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE) and individual ambidexterity as two mediators. Using data collected from 480 employees paired with 100 supervisors at 3-time points, the results show that RBSE and individual ambidexterity play a mediating role, respectively, even though they sequentially play a chain-mediating role between employees' paradox mindset and innovative performance. Individuals who hold a paradox mindset are more likely to perceive high capability beliefs in successfully undertaking expanded roles, promoting behavioral tendencies to switch between exploration and exploitation, and in turn encouraging employees to undertake more innovative behaviors. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications for promoting employees' innovative performance from an agentic perspective. Employees with a paradox mindset can make creative things happen by managing the tensions between exploration and exploitation proactively. Thus, organizations may try to enhance employees' proactive motivation states and behavioral capability to encourage individual innovation.

PENGARUH AGRESIVITAS PAJAK TERHADAP CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) : UNTUK MENGUJI TEORI LEGISTIMASI

In the Mineral and Coal Law no. 4 of 2009, mining is a mineral and coal exploitation activity which consists of stages of general investigation, exploration, feasibility studies, construction, mining, processing and refining, transportation and sales, and post-mining activities. Coal mining is the mining of carbon deposited rock found in the earth, including solid bitumen, peat, and asphalt rock. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tax aggressiveness on corporate social responsibility in coal mining sub-sector companies in 2017- 2021. The method used in this study is a quantitative method. The variables in this study consist of the dependent variable, namely corporate social responsibility, while the independent variables are tax aggressiveness and the control variables are capital intensity, company size, return on assets, and leverage. The population in this study is the coal sub-sector mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2021, amounting to 22 companies. The number of samples that have complete financial statements are 10 companies with a research period of 5 years so that a sample of 50 samples is obtained with the sampling technique using the purposive sampling method. The results showed that the tax aggressiveness variable based on the results of the t-test obtained a Tcount of 0.770 <Ttable 1.67655. The conclusion of this study is that partially shows that tax aggressiveness has no effect on corporate social responsibility

Amazon Rainforest Deforestation and Indigenous People Movement in Preserving Environmental Conservation

Background: The Amazon forest is one of the areas experiencing the largest deforestation in the world and this causes a decrease in environmental quality that occurs in its region, and Brazil is responsible for half of the deforestation in the Amazon because deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon region has the largest percentage compared to other regions. Objective: In line with the formulation of the problem described above, the purpose of writing this paper is to find out why there is a decline in environmental quality and how the role and efforts of Brazilian indigenous people are to protect the environment in the Amazon Forest region. Method: The researchers used qualitative approach here. The data were obtained from various documents, including journals and news from different platforms. The researcher analyzed the data by reading every document thoroughly and concluding the result. Result: The result of the conversion of forest land in the Amazon is that other lands are easier and faster to evict as well when compared to the first time this exploitation activity was carried out in the 1970s to mid-2000s. Large areas of rainforest in the Amazon were eventually filled with livestock, soybean farming, excavation of dams and minerals, as well as clearing of land for urban projection and colonialization projects. Conclusion: From this writing, it can be concluded that the deforestation that occurs in the Amazon Forest is caused by human activities or irresponsible parties who turn the forest into land for personal gain.

Analysis of the marine resource environmental carrying capacity in Zhejiang Province based on the Pressure-Support and Destructiveness-Resilience and Degradation-Promotion (PS-DR-DP) model

IntroductionLarge-scale and high-intensity marine resource exploitation activities have brought irreversible influences on the marine resource environment and ecosystem. As an important index to evaluate the state of marine development, the marine resource environmental carrying capacity (MRECC) is vital to the sustainable development of the sea areas.MethodsIn this study, an evaluation index system was established based on the PS-DR-DP (Pressure and Support-Destructiveness and Resilience- Degradation and Promotion) theoretical model. The MRECC in Zhejiang Province from 2004 to 2018 was evaluated through the categorical arrangement polygon representation. Moreover, the coordination degree of the MRECC system was analyzed by using the coupling harmonious degree model.Results and DiscussionResults demonstrated the following from 2004 to 2018: 1) The MRECC level in Zhejiang Province increased firstly, then decreased slightly, and finally presented a slow increasing trend. 2) The mean contributions of the acting forces in the MRECC system in Zhejiang Province fluctuate between 0.64 and 0.68. It was in the high-speed unsteady growth and tended to be the ideal carrying state. The positive force tends to increase, while the negative force is generally stable or only slightly increased except for the degradation force. 3) The coupling degree and degree of coupling coordination of the acting force subsystems in the marine resource environmental system in Zhejiang Province presented a rising trend. The coupling degree ranged between 0.50 and 0.80 except for those in 2004, 2006, and 2007. The acting force subsystems in the marine resource environmental system in Zhejiang Province were generally running-in during the study period. The coupling degree type changed from mild imbalance to moderate coordination.

How do microbial communities deal with chronic hydrocarbon presence in oil seep soils? Data from historical hand‐dug oil wells

AbstractHand‐dug oil wells, located in natural crude oil seep sites, are remnants of historical exploitation activities. Hydrocarbon pollution is regarded as the threat to soil ecosystem. On the other hand, there is no common environmental policies regarding these soils. The hypothesis was that natural attenuation processes might occur in seep soils since a diversified and stable bacterial community structure should be a result of its long‐term (thousands of years) adaptation to hydrocarbon exposure and should be associated with eventual utilization of these compounds. To obtained this goal, we compared the structure, composition, and hydrocarbon‐degrading potential of bacterial communities inhabiting soils with different hydrocarbon contents (seep, hydrocarbon‐impacted, pristine soils), which were collected in two habitats (forest, meadow). 16S rRNA sequencing and isolation of hydrocarbon degraders were performed. The contaminant's presence shaped distinct and unique community structure and composition, and it enhanced physiologically and functionally adapted microorganisms. The most abundant community members were bacteria revealing a strong contribution in genetic potential toward aerobic hydrocarbon transformation (i.e., Mycobacterium/Mycolicibacterium and Pseudomonas). The strong hydrocarbon degraders population suggests that natural biodegradation occurs in situ in seeps and mitigates the pollution impact on adjacent soils. Seep and hydrocarbon‐impacted soils are a great source for remedial bacterial populations. Twenty‐four genera of degraders were isolated; however, strains belonging to the Mycobacterium/Mycolicibacterium, Rhodococcus, and Pseudomonas taxa were common. Our results underline the need to include undervalued microbiological aspects in remediation projects' guidelines for chronically polluted environments. The knowledge regarding seep communities should help to evaluate more efficient remediation strategies for anthropogenic spills.