The intensive exploitation of natural resources has increased environmental impacts, making Environmental Education (EE) essential for fostering critical awareness and promoting sustainable practices. This article analyzes EE concepts from a political and educational perspective, aiming to understand the influence of public policies, legal frameworks, and socio-environmental movements on educational processes. In Brazil, a conservative approach predominates, influenced by neoliberal policies, which limits the effectiveness of transformative EE. Despite the legal framework that mandates the inclusion of environmental topics in education, its implementation remains limited, highlighting the need to strengthen critical pedagogical practices aligned with sustainability.

Consumerism and ecology are two opposing phenomena that rest on entirely different principles. Consumerism supports excessive use of goods and services, which leads to increased production, i.e., higher usage of natural resources, raw materials, energy, equipment, and labor. On the other hand, ecology advocates for the sustainable consumption of resources, minimizing energy and land use, and environmental protection. The continuous rise of production and consumption leads to deforestation, depletion of natural resources, water and air pollution, natural disasters, climate change, and a severe loss of biodiversity. Human activities threaten the health and life of all living things on the planet. Consumerism simultaneously fosters economic growth and enhances individual well-being, while also exerting a profound and often detrimental impact on environmental sustainability. However, a healthy environment is not compatible with prevailing consumer behavior, characterized by consumerism and increased production. The paper, based on both secondary and primary data, aims to explore whether consumerism and ecology can converge in pursuit of ensuring survival, sustainable well-being, and a future for humanity.

The consolidation of livestock farming in the Amazon constitutes one of the main drivers of Brazil's neo-extractivist development model, marked by the intensive exploitation of natural resources and the export of commodities. In Rondônia, this process is clearly expressed in the conversion of extensive forest areas into pastureland, resulting in accelerated deforestation, ecosystem degradation, and direct threats to biodiversity and traditional populations. The Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau Indigenous Territory, located in one of the regions most under pressure for land tenure in the state, is a prime example of the effects of this expansion: invasions, land grabbing, illegal deforestation, and territorial conflicts have compromised both the environmental integrity and the sociocultural reproduction of indigenous peoples. This article aims to analyze the impacts of the expansion of livestock farming in Rondônia, focusing on the Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau Indigenous Territory, discussing how the neo-extractivist model, government incentives, and historically implemented public policies have contributed to the intensification of pressures on indigenous territories and the vulnerability of their ways of life.

Abstract This article explores the diversity of positions on imperialism within Marxist political theory of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It analyses and compares the views of Austro-Marxists such as Rudolf Hilferding, Karl Kautsky, Otto Bauer and Karl Rennner with those of orthodox Marxists like Vladimir Lenin, Nikolai Bukharin and Rosa Luxemburg; subsequently we also explore the views of Helene Bauer, Fritz Sternberg and Henryk Grossmann. In opposition to Lenin, Bukharin and Luxemburg, the Austromarxists maintained that imperialism was not an economic necessity for capitalism’s survival but an outcome driven by the interests of specific financial capitalists. They also argued that capitalism had the capacity to adapt and could potentially avoid collapse by transcending national competition through an ultra-imperialist phase of international cooperation, a process they termed the cartelisation of the world. This intellectual divergence highlights a key debate within Marxist thought about the inevitability of capitalist collapse and the role of imperialism in inter-state conflict, a debate with particular relevance in the lead-up to World War I . The first part of the article presents three debates on imperialism between Austromarxists and the Marxist orthodoxy: Kautsky and Hilferding against Lenin and Bukharin; Otto Bauer and Gustav Eckstein against Rosa Luxemburg; Helene Bauer against Fritz Sternberg and Henryk Grossmann. The second part of the article considers the Austromarxist position, especially that of Otto Bauer and Karl Renner, regarding the historical imperialism of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, France and England and their particular forms of submission and exploitation of foreign lands eventually leading into World War I .

ABSTRACT An active single tax movement that sought to put Henry George's economic theories into practice, thrived in the 60 years following the publication of George's treatise, Progress and Poverty (1879). The movement attracted individuals from a wide range of intellectual and religious backgrounds united in their belief that economic and social inequalities stemmed from the private ownership and exploitation of land and natural resources. The study of movements usually focuses on national leaders and the intellectual foundations and movement structures that enable large numbers of people to work together. But movements that reach the scale of 10s of 1000s of followers require many layers of leadership at the regional and local levels. Unlike the top leaders, who may focus exclusively on the movement and its goals, the leaders who emerge from rank‐and‐file membership often combine movement goals with other interests and activities. This article is about Marietta Johnson, one such mid‐level leader who was also an education activist.

Abstract The Beartooth Mountains of Montana and Wyoming, USA, record more than 4.0 billion years of Earth history. This area has inspired a century of geological research and contributed to the evolution of geological thought. This spectacular Alpine landscape supports diverse geoeducational and geotourism opportunities. Geologic features of the Beartooth Mountains include: (a) physiographic occurrence as a basement-cored, Laramide-style block uplift; (b) in the eastern Beartooth Mountains, preservation of Paleoarchean high-grade metamorphic gneisses and metasupracrustal rocks with peak metamorphism recorded at 6–8 kbar and up to 800 °C and crystallization ages of 3.5–3.0 Ga, with detrital zircons as old as 4.0 Ga; (c) in the main Beartooth Block, voluminous Mesoarchean calc-alkaline magmatic rocks dated at 2.82–2.79 Ga that formed in a continental magmatic arc environment; (d) in the South Snowy Block, tectonic accretion of a turbiditic metasedimentary sequence that was deposited and emplaced 2.9–2.8 Ga that preserves primary sedimentary structures, and with peak metamorphism of 3–4 kbar and 580 °C, and in the North Snowy Block, emplacement of an Alpine-style nappe complex prior to 2.55 Ga; (e) on the northern margin of the range in the Stillwater block, crystallization of the 2.71 Ga layered mafic-ultramafic Stillwater Complex which is host to Pt/Pd and Cr ore deposits and associated contact metamorphic aureole; (f) emplacement of Late Archean and Proterozoic mafic dikes at 2.5, 1.3 and 0.75 Ga; (g) near Beartooth Butte, deposition of lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks on the Great Unconformity with 2.8 Ga crystalline rocks overlain by 560 Ma Cambrian sedimentary rocks and preservation of some of the world’s oldest Devonian fish and terrestrial plant fossils; i) Eocene Absaroka volcanics, which hosts petrified forests, the Heart Mountain Detachment, and Au-Cu deposits; j) Pleistocene glacial deposits and periglacial landscapes; k) active basin-and-range style faulting; and l) active landsliding and floods. The natural heritage of the Beartooth Mountains has had a great influence on the people who live in this area and how they live in this landscape including habitation history of indigenous people and émigrés, development and exploitation of natural resources (mining, energy, water), impacts of geohazards (seismicity, floods, mass wasting), opportunities for geoeducation at all levels, as a destination for geotourism, and in consideration of contemporary policy questions related to conservation vs. preservation of public lands and climate change. The Archean rocks of the eastern Beartooth Mountains and the Stillwater Complex have both been recognized as “First Hundred Geological Heritage Sites” by the International Union of Geological Sciences. The Beartooth Mountains constitute a geoheritage region of international significance with many sites of interest for expert and novice geoscientists alike.

ABSTRACT Persistent concerns regarding ecological balance, economic progress, and long‐term sustainability pose significant challenges for global economies. Nations are confronting resource scarcity and the escalating effects of climate change, which have intensified the debate on the costs and benefits of eco‐innovation and green financial policies. This study investigates the impact of eco‐innovations, environmental taxes, green financial policies, natural resource exploitation, and renewable energy adoption on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, carbon emissions, and the ecological footprint in OECD economies. An advanced econometric approach, the Cross‐Sectional Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS‐ARDL) model, is employed to examine these relationships in both the short and long run. The findings indicate that environmental technologies, represented by eco‐innovation and process eco‐innovation, exhibit a statistically significant negative association with the ecological footprint, carbon emissions, and GHG emissions. Furthermore, environmental taxes and renewable energy consumption are found to mitigate ecological degradation. Conversely, economic growth and natural resource dependence exacerbate environmental challenges. Finally, a causality analysis reveals a bidirectional causal relationship between GDP and natural resources, while a unidirectional causality runs from GDP to eco‐innovation, renewable energy, and environmental taxation. Based on these results, the study concludes with policy implications aimed at achieving net‐zero emissions and promoting sustainable development.

Abstract Vietnam’s rapid economic growth has precipitated increasing environmental degradation, raising concerns about sustainable development. This study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and annual data from 1992 to 2023 to empirically investigate the dynamic interplay between economic (Gross Domestic Product - GDP), resource (Total Natural Resource Rents), energy (Renewable Energy Consumption), and social (Human Development Index - HDI) factors on CO 2 emissions. The Bounds test results robustly confirm the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship among these variables. Short-run analysis reveals that economic expansion and the lagged effects of natural resource exploitation exert upward pressure on CO 2 emissions. Notably, while the immediate impact of HDI improvement is a statistically significant reduction in CO 2 emissions, the subsequent lags of HDI exhibit a positive correlation with emissions. Renewable energy consumption demonstrates no statistically significant impact in the short term. Critically, in the long run, all investigated drivers—GDP growth, financial development, renewable energy consumption, natural resource rents, and HDI—exhibit statistically significant negative impacts on CO 2 emissions. These findings lend strong support to the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, suggesting a potential for environmental improvement at higher stages of development following an initial period of degradation. This research provides robust empirical evidence for Vietnamese policymakers striving to balance economic development imperatives with environmental sustainability objectives. Graphical abstract

ABSTRACT Creating effective policies for sustainable development remains a pressing challenge for emerging economies, where rapid growth often collides with environmental concerns. This study investigates the role of renewable energy (RE), foreign direct investment (FDI), natural resource use, economic growth (GDP), and education (ED) in shaping carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions across E‐7 countries from 1990 to 2024. Using advanced panel econometric techniques, including Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), and the Pooled Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG‐ARDL) model, the analysis provides robust long‐run estimates while addressing potential endogeneity. The results show that RE and ED significantly mitigate CO 2 emissions, reducing them by 0.59% and 0.24%, respectively, whereas FDI inflows and natural resource exploitation increase emissions by 2.6% and 2.93%. GDP displays mixed impacts consistent with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Causality outcomes reveal complex bidirectional linkages among RE, ED, GDP, and emissions, underscoring the interconnected nature of development and environmental outcomes. By highlighting the dual role of FDI and integrating education and renewable energy within the EKC framework, this study contributes to the literature on sustainable pathways for emerging economies. The findings suggest that prioritizing investment in renewable energy and human capital is essential for the E‐7 countries to reconcile growth objectives with their commitments to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

ABSTRACT The environmental quality continues to be in the focus of sustainable economic development, but the process by which financial innovation influences the environment is not comprehended in full. The paper examines the relationship between green entrepreneurship, based on a composite index of renewable and nuclear energy generation and carbon finance and the environmental quality in G20 economies in the period between 2000 and 2022, measured as domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP). Four environmental indicators are used in a multidimensional framework: population‐weighted PM 2.5 exposure and carbon dioxide emissions along with ecological and material footprints (Pressures on the environment 2010, 5). These measures are combined to generate one robustness measure by a composite Environmental Pressure Index (EPI) made using principal component analysis (PCA). The complementary drivers are digitalization, financial freedom, openness to trade, and dependence on natural resources. In the models based on the cross‐sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS‐ARDL) framework, the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) estimator, the results reveal that green entrepreneurship, carbon finance, and digitalization have a significant negative effect on environmental pressure, respectively, and trade openness, financial freedom, and the exploitation of natural resources contribute to their enhancement. The Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality test also shows that environmental performance is Granger‐caused by financial and technological innovation. These results underscore the fact that the growth of green credit, reinforcement of digital infrastructure, and the promotion of low‐carbon entrepreneurship are the most important in terms of further development of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on innovation, responsible consumption, and climate action.

Julia Budka and Rennan Lemos (eds.), Landscape and Resource Management in Bronze Age Nubia: ArchaeologicalPerspectives on the Exploitation of Natural Resources and the Circulation of Commodities in the Middle Nile

The reuse of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), sourced from the milling of existing pavements, offers an eco-friendly alternative to natural aggregates. It offers significant environmental benefits by reducing landfill waste and limiting the exploitation of natural resources. This study investigates the potential incorporation of fine RAP (FRAP) in the production of sand concrete, a particular type of concrete composed solely of fine aggregates. Firstly, five sand concrete mixtures were designed by partially or fully replacing natural sand with FRAP and were then assessed in terms of their mechanical characteristics and durability-related indicators. The results revealed that FRAP can be successfully used to produce sustainable sand concrete at replacement levels up to 50%, meeting all the mechanical performance requirements for pavement applications. The incorporation of FRAP also resulted in increased water absorption by immersion and higher sorptivity values. Yet, these values remained within the permissible limits for mixtures with 50% or less FRAP. Furthermore, given the critical role of elastic modulus in rigid pavement design, three predictive models were evaluated to estimate the elastic modulus of FRAP mixtures. The findings indicated that, when incorporating a correction factor reflecting aggregate quality, the ACI 318 model provided the highest accuracy, achieving a root mean square error of 1.5 GPa. The study confirmed the feasibility of reusing RAP in sand concrete, offering practical guidance for engineers to adopt this technique in pavement applications and encouraging greener construction practices.

The peatland ecosystem in Indonesia, covering an area of 33.4 million hectares, plays a strategic role as a carbon sink, a water regulator, a habitat for biodiversity, and a foundation of community livelihood in economic, social, and cultural dimensions. However, its sustainability is increasingly threatened by land conversion, natural resource exploitation, and infrastructure development that neglects ecological principles. Weak governance, development policies prioritizing investment, and limited community participation have resulted in environmental degradation, agrarian conflicts, and the erosion of local communities’ ecological rights. Constitutionally, the right to a good and healthy environment is guaranteed under Article 28H paragraph (1) and Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, as well as Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management. This recognition is further reinforced by international instruments such as the 1972 Stockholm Declaration, the 1992 Rio Declaration, the 2015 Paris Agreement, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which affirm environmental rights as part of third-generation human rights. Nevertheless, the implementation of ecological rights protection continues to face challenges, including weak law enforcement, limited access to justice, and the dominance of economic paradigms. This study examines the protection of ecological rights of peatland communities within Indonesia’s national legal policy through a human rights perspective, while also analyzing its harmonization with international law. The study is expected to contribute to strengthening regulation, advancing conservation strategies, and formulating policies grounded in ecological justice and human rights.

The expected population rise will require a maximum exploitation of agricultural lands with a consequent increase in the demand for freshwater for irrigation uses. Future trends predict increasing periods of drought stress, which may impact on crop performance and limit the future production. Pepper is one of the most economically important crops and globally consumed vegetables. This crop is highly demanding in terms of water supply, and so far, developing tolerant cultivars is one of the main targets for breeding. The aim of this study is to accurately determine how pepper plants react to water stress at the vegetative stage in order to select genotypes that better cope with drought. We implemented the PhenoHort Plant Eye phenotyping platform to precisely assess changes in plant architecture and morpho-physiological parameters on 25 cultivated pepper genotypes (Capsicum annuum) under drought stress conditions. Three different irrigation supply levels were considered, including the control, intense, and severe water stress, by irrigating every 24, 72, and 96 h, respectively. Daily monitoring of 20 traits allowed ~190,000 multispectral and tridimensional data points through scans over 6 weeks of cultivation, thus shedding light on changes in plant architecture and vegetation indices’ values during stress. The dissection of genotype (G) and treatment (T) interactions revealed that digital biomass and plant height traits were strongly affected by the T factor (more than 50% of total variance), whereas color and multispectral parameters were under greater genotypic control, accounting for 58.27% and 64.97% of the total variance for HUE and NPCI, respectively. The comparison of each accession with respect to the control and the application of multivariate models allowed us to select four drought-tolerant lines (G1, G2, G22, and G25) able to reduce the effects of drought on the morphological parameters and architecture of the plant with positive effects on vegetative indices. This work represents the first attempt to dissect the response of pepper under drought stress at the vegetative stage using a high-throughput and non-invasive phenotyping system, offering new insights for selecting resilient genotypes.

From resource reliance to sustainable environmental resilience: A digital-green paradigm for BRICS+ nations.

Geodetic coordinate determination and its kinematic monitoring require a stable reference frame (RF) or one with a well-defined spatio-temporal rate of change. The reference systems (RS) and RF commonly used today are based on terrestrial geodetic systems ITRS and ITRF. In the context of natural resource exploration and exploitation in the Sumatra region, it is essential to define both the spatial location and its temporal variation for purposes of planning, operations, and mitigation. This study proposes an alternative realization of the coordinate RF by utilizing a non-geodetic RF, specifically based on the No Net Rotation/NNR concept, which relies on geological–geophysical data spanning from past to recent. The alignment of this alternative frame was tested by comparison with the geodetic ITRF-based frame. The results reveal a division of the Sumatra region into two major kinematic zones—the western and eastern regions—with the Bukit Barisan Mountains/Great Sumatran Fault System serving as the primary boundary, and several smaller subzones within each region. The Paleomagnetism Reference Frame (PRF) models used in this study—NNR-NUVEL1A and NNR-MORVEL56—showed deviations with respect to the ITRF-based RF as follows: in the western region are 13,13±0,95 mm / yr (northing) and 1,85±0,70 mm / yr (easting), and in the eastern region are 1,40±0,95 mm / yr (northing) and 4,13±0,70 mm / yr (easting). These deviations remain within the maximum allowable horizontal deviation for mapping accuracy, which ranges from 15 cm to 15 dm, depending on the map scale. Therefore, the results demonstrate that, in general, the NNR-based non-geodetic RF can be considered a viable alternative for coordinate RF realization in the study.

Adopting a postcolonial ecofeminist framework, this paper explores Linda Hogan’s Solar Storms (1995), which makes a significant contribution to Native American literature, to investigate the intersections of environmental exploitation, Indigenous resistance, and women’s agency, while highlighting the novel’s recognition of Indigenous knowledge systems, its narration of collective trauma and healing, and its articulation of the intricate relationship between women and nature. First of all, this article examines the theoretical background of postcolonial theory and ecofeminist approaches that rely on the views of various thinkers and scholars in the relevant literature. Thus, it provides a rich background for the analysis of the novel. The novel’s political critique of colonialism and its legacy forms of domination, as well as the combined exploitation of land, animals, and Indigenous communities, especially women, are discussed in the context of ecological destruction and the strategies of resistance developed by native peoples against such destruction. Hogan offers the resistance practices that these communities have adopted against Eurocentric, anthropocentric, and patriarchal ideologies through the preservation of ecological wisdom, collective solidarity, and cultural healing processes. Furthermore, this study analyses how the novel, which is based on historical events such as the James Bay hydroelectric project, situates female characters such as Angel, Bush, and Dora-Rouge in the context of environmental activism, cultural resistance and feminist struggle. In conclusion, this work aims to prove that Solar Storms can be interpreted through a postcolonial ecofeminist lens in terms of its exposure of the interconnections between environmental degradation, cultural erosion, and the marginalization of Native American women, as well as its affirmation of Indigenous ecological knowledge and resistance to anthropocentric colonial structures.

Environmental law currently faces 3 challenges of the climate crisis that occurs globally which have an impact on climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss. Environmental changes certainly have an impact on the sustainability of the life of a population of living beings, so a breakthrough is needed, one of which is from the law through a certain policy. The current law seems to be a tool to be used in perpetuating the crisis through the excessive exploitation of natural resources. This research aims to examine breakthroughs in rethinking the function of law. Legal regime that will be formed both at the national and international levels in dealing with environmental crises. This research uses normative legal research with a cognitive approach, where the research approach starts from the views and doctrines that develop in legal science. Understanding these views and doctrines is a basis for researchers to build a legal argument in solving the issues at hand. This research also uses a legislative approach that is carried out by examining all laws and regulations related to the legal issues being handled. The result of this research is the concept of sustainability in environmental issues that must be encouraged more progressively by making rules about the environment. The practice of customary law communities that recognize ecological integrity can be further improved not only at the national level but also at the global level.

Transnational environmental crimes are among the most complex and destructive forms of cross-border criminality, including wildlife trafficking, illegal trade of endangered species, transboundary pollution, and unlawful exploitation of natural resources by state and non-state actors. These offenses have yet to gain explicit recognition as core international crimes, despite their severe impacts on ecosystems, geopolitical stability, and local communities. This article examines the urgent need to incorporate transnational environmental crimes into international criminal law and emphasizes a victim-centered environmental justice approach to restore the rights and sustainability of affected communities. Using normative and comparative legal analysis, it advocates recognizing ecocide and cross-border environmental offenses as serious violations of ecological justice and human rights. The study further explores how victim protection frameworks can extend to Indigenous communities, future generations, and non-human entities, offering guidance for Indonesia in building a more responsive, transnational, and victim-oriented environmental criminal justice system.

Environmental problems can be categorized into three main forms: environmental pollution, improper land use, and excessive exploitation of natural resources. These issues arise from a value system that places human interests as the center of the universe (anthropocentrism). This study employs a normative juridical method with an interdisciplinary approach. The presence of Eco-Sufism, as a spiritual approach that integrates Sufism and ecology, aims to foster spiritual awareness in the interaction between humans and the environment. Within the context of Islamic mysticism, Eco-Sufism is understood as a means of drawing closer to the Creator through His creation. This approach emphasizes the internalization of al-Insān al-Kāmil (the Perfect Man) as a reflection of Divine attributes, which should be embodied by government officials and law enforcement authorities—police, prosecutors, and judges—in upholding justice and legal protection for environmental sustainability. The effectiveness of environmental law enforcement can only be achieved when the values of Sufism and ṭarīqah are implemented within the moral consciousness of law enforcers. Abuya Amran Waly’s thought highlights the importance of noble character in the relationship between humans and nature, while Ibn ‘Arabi’s perspective views nature and humanity as the locus of Divine manifestation.