The main aim of this paper is to analyze the transfer of technical and non-technical skills from the perspective of the mental trilogy of cognition, conation, and affectivity to propose a comprehensive explanatory model. Research on training shows that training is relevant if trainees can transfer what they have learned in the workplace; however, transfer of technical skills differs from the transfer of non-technical skills. The main argument of this research is that the differentiation during the transfer of technical and non-technical skills is due to the mental processes that facilitate learning. From the point of view of practical implications, this work contributes significantly to the understanding of the differentiation between the transfer of hard and soft skills; consequently, companies or organizations can provide specific support to employees who need reinforcement or help for the transfer of skills, considering the singularity of each of them as technical and non-technical skills.

The distinctiveness of peasant sexuality in the Polish lands has been described at least since the beginning of modern times. Initially, it aroused the interest of the clergy, who were responsible for inculcating Christian principles, including sexual ethics, in the faithful. Other insightful observers, such as noble poets (the best example being Wacław Potocki), also recorded their observations. From the time of the Enlightenment, peasant sexuality became the object of concern for reformers and state agents, and soon afterwards the subject of reflection for folklorists and ethnographers, until the decline of ‘traditional’ rural culture in mid-20th century. These few centuries of observation, description and analysis developed a number of typical explanatory models, in which the concept of nature usually played a central role. Virtually all outside observers attributed the peculiarities of peasant sexuality to their closer relationship with nature, but evaluated this closeness differently. Moreover, both their assessment and what they were willing or able to observe depended mainly on their views, their perceptions of the rural population, and their own sexuality and beliefs about this sphere of human life in general.

Background/Objectives: Caregiver burden is a well-documented phenomenon among families of children with disabilities, particularly within early childhood intervention contexts. Although family-centered practices aim to empower parents and foster collaborative relationships with professionals, the specific contribution of families’ psychological and social resources to caregiver burden remains insufficiently understood. This study examined the combinations of psychosocial conditions associated with both high and low levels of caregiver burden in families receiving early intervention services. Methods: A total of 117 families of children aged 0–6 years enrolled in an early intervention center in Valencia, Spain, participated in the study. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Zarit Burden Interview. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was applied to identify the combinations of conditions that were necessary and sufficient for the presence or absence of caregiver burden. Results: No single condition was necessary for the outcome, but several sufficient combinations were identified. High caregiver burden was associated with configurations involving low resilience, limited perceived social support, and reduced coping capacity, whereas low burden emerged from configurations characterized by stronger psychosocial resources, particularly high family confidence, resilience, and social support. The solutions showed high consistency and coverage, indicating robust explanatory models for both outcomes. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that caregiver burden in early intervention arises not from isolated factors but from specific interactions among psychosocial conditions. Understanding these causal combinations provides a more nuanced perspective on family functioning and highlights the importance of strengthening resilience and social support within early intervention programs to reduce caregiver burden and promote family well-being.

The rapid restructuring of the global telecommunications industry toward data-driven digital ecosystems has intensified the strategic relevance of internal resources, interorganizational dependencies, adaptive capability renewal, and managerial cognition as determinants of organizational performance. This conceptual review integrates Firm Performance Theory with the Resource-Based View (RBV), Resource Dependence Theory (RDT), Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT), and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to construct a multi-level explanatory model suited to organizations undergoing digital transformation. Using PT Telkom Indonesia as contextual grounding, the review demonstrates that organizational performance emerges not solely from the possession of VRIN resources, but from the interaction between resource endowments, dependency governance structures, dynamic capability enactment, and the development of cognitive and learning-based competences. The synthesis argues that Telkom’s performance trajectory in transitioning from legacy telecommunication operations toward integrated digital infrastructure and enterprise platform services is shaped by the simultaneous reinforcement of asset orchestration logic, partnership coordination, strategic sensing and reconfiguration routines, and leadership self-efficacy. The article proposes a circular, mutually constitutive model of performance generation rather than a linear causal sequence, highlighting performance as an evolving outcome of co-aligned strategic mechanisms. Research gaps are identified in cognitive microfoundations of digital transformation in state-owned enterprises, dependency–capability interplay in digital infrastructure ecosystems, and performance measurement adaptations for platform-based business models. A future research agenda is proposed to address these gaps.

This article examines the issue of “missing girls”, which refers to the disproportionately high mortality rate among female infants and children due to gender discrimination, which has been highlighted in recent historical and demographic studies of the European population. The work aims to identify the main sources and methods for studying the issue, the theoretical framework and conceptual apparatus of research, the factors and mechanisms of discrimination, as well as to determine the prospects for developing research based on Russian sources. Economists were the first to identify the problem of excess female mortality, therefore the explanatory models were borrowed from economics. The “Missing Girls in Historical Europe” project, carried out within the framework of historical demography, inspired new impetus for studying the phenomenon. The latest historiography demonstrates a moderate revision of views on the problem of “missing girls” in Europe, more particularly, questioning the unequivocal link between the spread of the so-called European marriage pattern, non-local families, and the well-being of women. Based on a wide range of sources and approaches, the authors demonstrate inter-country and inter-regional differences, as well as specific features in the sex ratio, identified at the level of individual territories and population groups. Neither do the research results allow for conclusions about a widespread distribution of the “missing girls” phenomenon. However, identifying areas with relatively high sex ratio values has not yet enabled the establishment of clear patterns. Researchers have identified many factors that influence the sex ratio. However, the question of discrimination mechanisms remains a weak point in historiography. Additionally, the constraints of the research timeline prevent us from observing the dynamics of the phenomenon. The analysis indicates that the potential for studying the population of the Russian Empire is contingent on conducting in-depth longitudinal studies of individual regions, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data.

Abstract: This study investigates how perceived organizational support (POS) influences job performance (JP) directly and indirectly through readiness to change (RTC) among nonacademic civil servants in Indonesian public universities. Drawing upon the Organizational Support Theory and the Change Readiness framework, this research analyzes responses from 180 administrative employees at Universitas Mulawarman undergoing institutional transformation. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), this study found that POS significantly enhanced both RTC and JP. Moreover, RTC positively influenced JP and mediated the relationship between POS and JP. These findings confirm that organizational support is a vital antecedent to fostering individual psychological readiness, which in turn promotes adaptive and productive behaviors during periods of change. The study contributes to the literature by integrating POS and RTC into a cohesive explanatory model of employee performance within public higher education institutions. The results highlight the need for policy strategies that emphasize inclusive change communication, supportive leadership, and long-term investment in human capital to improve organizational readiness and performance. The limitations of this study include the single-institution sample and cross-sectional design. Future research may explore comparative analyses across multiple institutions and adopt a longitudinal or mixed-method approach to capture the dynamic processes of organizational transformation.

In order to achieve their long-term goals, managers in the business world must respond effectively to various challenges. In this context, a positive correlation between perseverance and positive leadership can be observed. However, excessive emphasis and rigidity regarding set goals can hinder their achievement, potentially related to perfectionism. Our paper is the first empirical study focused on the media, information, and telecommunications sector to analyze the relationship between positive leadership and perseverance, with perfectionism considered as a moderating variable. In addition, the Triarchic Model of Grit Scale (TMGS) by Datu et al. (2017) is examined for the first time in Germany. Our results show that perseverance can increase positive leadership qualities, which a manager’s perfectionism can partially moderate. For Germany, it can also be noted that the TMGS is insufficient as an explanatory model, and that we propose a five-factor model of perseverance in our individualistic culture instead. We demonstrate the importance of targeted training opportunities for managers to improve their positive leadership qualities. Limitations of our study include, in particular, the limited sample size and a strong industrial bias in the area of media, information, and telecommunications.

While periodontitis is globally recognized as a significant public health problem, its common definition as a plaque-based inflammatory condition is incomplete. Disease progression, personal experience, and treatment are shaped by social, economic, and structural forces largely invisible in clinical practice and policy. A lens from medical anthropology helps us see periodontitis as more than a clinical diagnosis; it is a lived experience, deeply entangled with a person's social world. The physical reality of inflammation translates into profound emotional distress-from the shame and stigma of bleeding gums and gingival recession to the tangible fear of tooth loss. This personal suffering is often intensified by a societal focus on individual blame, which masks systemic barriers like poor insurance coverage and the simple lack of local care. Ultimately, the cultural language and assumptions surrounding oral health-what anthropologists term explanatory models and semantic networks-powerfully influence everything from a patient's decisions to the public's perception of the disease itself. We argue for a more culturally attuned approach to periodontal health-one that prioritizes prevention, centers the patient's lived experience, and confronts the systemic roots of oral health inequities. By integrating the insights of anthropology with the science of periodontics, we believe we can build a more complete model of care that leads to equitable health outcomes, creating policies and practices that acknowledge both microbial causes and patients' lived realities.

Studies focusing on how the migrant population understands and utilises family policies are scarce in Southern European countries. We focus on the use of paternity leave by American and European migrant fathers in Spain. This work is based on an online survey of parents (QUIDAN, 2021), which is nationally representative with a sample of 3100 respondents. We have conducted descriptive statistics and explanatory multivariate models. The main result shows that American-born (but not European) fathers take paid paternity leave less often than Spanish fathers. This outcome raises new questions about migrant parental roles and the shortcomings of public policies.

Risk factors and prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) by duffy genotype

Latent growth curve (LGC) models, implemented through structural equation modeling, are widely used to analyze developmental and learning trajectories. Model selection in LGC often relies on goodness-of-fit indices (e.g., χ², Akaike information criterion, and root-mean-square error of approximation), but these metrics fail to assess the temporal constancy, or stability of parameters, an important aspect when forecasting longitudinal data. Addressing this gap, we propose a novel parameter constancy test (PCT) tailored for LGC models. This test evaluates internal constancy, identifies potential breakpoints, helps determine the minimal number of measurement waves needed for reliable modeling, and is also useful for comparing different explanatory models of the analyzed data. To validate this approach, we applied PCT to real-world data, comparing the widely used quadratic function model with the negative exponential model and other nonlinear functions. The results reveal that the negative exponential model, unlike the quadratic function, consistently exhibits parameter constancy even with fewer sampling waves, making it particularly suitable for longitudinal analysis. Additionally, PCT highlights how inappropriate model selection or instability may lead to misinterpretations, particularly in evaluating interventions or extrapolating beyond observed time frames. Our findings emphasize the dual importance of statistical fit and parameter constancy in selecting LGC models. By integrating PCT into standard practice, researchers can better ensure model consistency, optimize resource allocation, and avoid erroneous conclusions in developmental and learning studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Mental health professionals often differ in their explanatory models of mental distress, which may influence their attitudes toward individuals experiencing such conditions. Stigmatizing attitudes among providers can adversely affect therapeutic relationships, service quality, and recovery outcomes. This study investigates the attributional frameworks-biological, cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and social-realist-endorsed by psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers in Swedish adult psychiatry. It further examines how these explanatory preferences are associated with stigmatizing attitudes toward individuals with mental distress. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 715 licensed psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers. Attributional orientations were measured using a revised version of the Maudsley Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ-R), and stigma was assessed with the revised Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC-R). Group differences were analyzed using General Linear Models, and associations between attributional frameworks and stigma were explored through linear regression. Given the cross-sectional design, causal inferences cannot be drawn from the observed associations. Psychiatrists reported significantly stronger endorsement of biological attributions compared to psychologists and social workers, while psychologists favored cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic explanations. Social workers exhibited the strongest preference for social-realist attributions. Endorsement of biological and cognitive-behavioral models was positively associated with higher stigma scores, although these associations may reflect broader occupational or systemic influences. In contrast, social-realist attributions were associated with lower stigma. Psychodynamic attributions showed no significant association. Differences in attributional frameworks among mental health professionals are associated with variation in reported stigmatizing attitudes. These findings underscore the importance of addressing explanatory diversity in interdisciplinary training and suggest that nuanced understandings of etiology may inform stigma-reduction efforts. Future research should explore the role of contextual and institutional factors, as well as potential confounders, in shaping these relationships.

This study aimed to explore the complex dynamics of help-seeking behaviors among breast cancer patients in China through developing an explanatory theoretical model. A Constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT) approach was employed to investigate breast cancer patients' help-seeking behaviors. Data collection occurred at a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang, China, from September 2024 to February 2025. We used a two-phase CGT design: Phase 1 inductively generated the preliminary model from patient interviews; Phase 2 employed theoretical sampling with nurses and non-participant observations to test negative cases, triangulate covert decision dynamics, and achieve category saturation. Sample size was based on theoretical saturation audit checks for coding consistency. Data analysis utilized NVivo 12.0 software following Strauss and Corbin's three-level coding paradigm. Analysis generated the Motivate-Response-Feedback Model (MRFM), outlining the dynamics of breast cancer help-seeking behavior. Intrinsic motivators included cognitive biases, perceived disease severity, and coping strategies, whereas extrinsic motivators encompassed cultural stigma, healthcare resource allocation, and family responsibilities. Patients' behavioral responses manifested as active (multi-source symptom verification, cross-regional care-seeking) or passive (delayed consultations, condition concealment). Feedback processes were categorized as positive (enhanced social support, reduced psychological stress) and negative (economic strain, negative emotional states), further influencing subsequent help-seeking behaviors. This study provides a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, behavioral responses, and feedback loops shaping breast cancer help-seeking behaviors in China. We propose a culture-specific MRFM that explains intention-behavior gaps via dynamic feedback loops rather than static determinants. The developed MRFM highlights the need for culturally tailored interventions to reduce stigma, improve resource allocation, and enhance psychological and social support. Further quantitative validation and research exploring the role of digital health interventions in facilitating timely help-seeking behaviors are recommended.

Perceptions and beliefs of physical therapists regarding the mechanisms of manual therapy.

This study, titled Medical Pluralism and Treatment Pathways among Epilepsy Patients in Muzaffarabad, investigates how individuals navigate diverse systems of care in managing epilepsy within an urban context. Guided by Kleinman’s Explanatory Model of Illness, it examines how cultural beliefs, social meanings, and perceived efficacy shape treatment decisions across biomedical, traditional, and spiritual domains. The research employed a qualitative exploratory design, using in-depth interviews with nine participants selected through purposive and snowball sampling, following defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings reveal that participants interpret epilepsy through both biomedical and supernatural lenses, where some view it as a neurological disorder, others as a result of jinn, evil eye, or spiritual possession. Yet, the majority of respondents rely on both medical and traditional-faith treatments simultaneously, reflecting a practical approach deeply rooted in cultural continuity and accessibility. Economic constraints and uncertainty over outcomes also influenced movement between these systems. Overall, the study highlights that coexistence of different treatment pathways rather than any single one defines treatment strategies in Muzaffarabad, which calls for the need of culturally informed, integrative health interventions in managing epilepsy.

This article explores the contributions of empathy, understood in its aesthetic value, to the transformation of relationships that shape peace in everyday life. The experiences of ordinary citizens (neither victims nor ex-combatants) in Santa Marta are investigated through grounded theory and two focus groups with participants aged 20 to 39, from different educational levels and occupations. The findings propose an explanatory model of peace-aesthetics-empathy that identifies limitations, conditions, and practices that facilitate understanding a situated aesthetics of peace. The conclusion is that peace, as an aesthetic form, requires relational empathy, capable of energizing bonds and shaping peace practices.

Background: Global migration and increasing cultural diversity have made cultural competence a necessary component of quality health care. In clinical practice, nursing and laboratory services are major patient interfaces where culturally mediated beliefs, behaviors, and communication styles directly influence the process of care. Mismatch in these interactions can lead to misdiagnosis, non-adherence, and health disparities. Aim: This systematic review aims to synthesize the literature between 2015 and 2025 to understand how cultural factors impact patient interactions in nursing and laboratory practice and to evaluate strategies for developing cultural competence in these services. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus. The search terms used were "cultural competence," "nursing," "phlebotomy," "laboratory medicine," "patient interaction," "health disparities," and "cultural factors." Results: Cultural factors significantly impact care, including explanatory models, communication barriers, religion-based preferences, and family involvement. These factors affect patient consent, compliance, and follow-up care. Interventions like professional medical interpretation, cultural competency training, and culturally tailored patient education improve patient satisfaction and diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: Cultural competence is crucial for safe, effective, and equitable nursing and laboratory practice. Institutional policy should include trained interpreters, culturally sensitive protocols, and a diverse workforce, promoting cultural humility.

Introduction: This study aims to analyze the main risk factors and recurrent causes of accidents in civil construction, as well as to propose improvements for their prevention. A bibliographic review was carried out based on scientific articles, theses, and dissertations, prioritizing publications from the last ten years. The research addressed the most frequent types of accidents, including falls from height, electric shocks, burials, collapses, improvisations, and organizational failures, relating them to the technical, behavioral, and organizational factors that contribute to their occurrence. The analysis indicated that insufficient training, fragile safety culture, and lack of adequate inspection are determinants in the occurrence of accidents. Based on the findings, preventive measures were proposed, such as strengthening the safety culture, continuous training of workers and managers, adoption of monitoring and inspection technologies, improvement of working conditions at height and with electricity, implementation of regular audits, and strict compliance with technical standards. The results demonstrate that the integration of technical, organizational, and cultural actions contributes to accident reduction, promoting a safer and more sustainable work environment. It is concluded that worker safety must be considered a strategic pillar in civil construction, ensuring protection of life and better sector performance. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the main risk factors and recurrent causes of occupational accidents in civil construction, in order to understand how these events are related to technical, behavioral, and organizational failures and, based on this, propose effective prevention strategies. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework of this study is based on concepts of occupational safety, risk management, and organizational culture applied to civil construction. Brazilian regulatory standards, especially NR-18 and NR-10, are highlighted, as well as studies on safety culture (Silva et al., 2021), risk behavior (Gonçalves & Reis, 2021), and organizational failures (Moraes & Costa, 2021). International literature also contributes, providing comparative perspectives on falls from height, electrical shocks, and cave-ins, consolidating a robust conceptual basis for analysis. Method: This research adopts a qualitative and descriptive approach, based on a systematic literature review. Scientific articles, theses, and dissertations published between 2013 and 2023 were consulted, available in databases such as SciELO, ScienceDirect, and the CAPES Portal. Data collection focused on publications addressing recurrent accidents in civil construction, as well as prevention and risk management practices. The material was critically analyzed to identify patterns, gaps, and consolidated proposals from the literature. Results and Discussion: The results indicated that falls from height, electrical shocks, and cave-ins are the most recurrent causes of fatal accidents in civil construction. It was observed that the lack of continuous training, fragile safety culture, equipment improvisation, and inefficiency in regulatory compliance are central factors in the occurrence of such events. The discussion highlights that strengthening organizational culture, combined with the integration of technical and management practices, is essential to reduce accident rates. Recent studies suggest that implementing systematic audits, monitoring technologies, and practical training programs can significantly minimize risks. Research Implications: The practical implications of this study include strengthening safety management at construction sites, designing continuous training policies, and adopting preventive technologies such as real-time monitoring systems. From a theoretical perspective, the research contributes to consolidating explanatory models that integrate technical, behavioral, and organizational factors, expanding the understanding of accident determinants in civil construction. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by critically and integratively gathering the main risk factors and accident causes in civil construction, proposing a set of improvements based on recent scientific evidence. Its originality lies in the articulation of safety culture, professional training, and risk management, offering a multidimensional view of accident prevention. The value of this research is demonstrated by the applicability of its recommendations in strengthening occupational safety, protecting workers’ lives, and improving productivity in the civil construction sector.

This study investigated technology's role in advancing Strategic Human Resource Alignment in Tanzanian Ministries, Independent Departments, and Agencies (MDAs), focusing particularly on emergent Information Systems, Leadership Commitment, and Institutional Readiness. Guided by the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Contingency Theory, the study theorizes these constructs as critical organizational resources and contextual factors influencing the alignment of HR practices and institutional goals. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design, which was quantitative in nature. HR managers, line managers, and IT managers in selected MDAs constituted the study population. Through the application of purposive sampling, 111 respondents were targeted, and 104 usable responses were obtained, representing a response rate of 93.7%. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, and hypotheses were tested through the application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings show that strategic human resource alignment is significantly facilitated by the use of emerging information systems, with leadership commitment and institutional readiness also exerting strong direct effects. The explanatory model demonstrated high variance in strategic human resource alignment and confirmed its predictive validity. These findings confirm RBV's contention that human capital and technology are strategic resources, while contingency theory emphasizes organizational fit as a condition for alignment effectiveness. Theoretically, the study adds to digital HR transformation knowledge by illustrating how new information systems, leadership, and institutional readiness together enhance alignment in the public sector. Practically, it offers lessons for MDAs: technological investments must be followed up with leadership commitment and organizational preparedness so that HRIS implementation can contribute to strategic results and national development agendas. The results emphasize the need to adopt a synergistic strategy: technological implementation should be followed by aggressive leadership backing and good organizational preparedness. Managers and policymakers need to accord topmost priority to creating capacity, training leaders, and infrastructure so that HRIS could make a stronger strategic impact. On theoretical contributions, this study adds to theoretical understanding by resolving the conflict between the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Contingency Theory, demonstrating that new information systems as strategic assets appreciate only when supported by leadership and institutional readiness. In showing how alignment comes out of the interaction between resources within the organization and conditions within the context.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore why patients with hard-to-heal ulcers are treated without an aetiological diagnosis, using a grounded theory approach.DesignThe study employed a qualitative semistructured interview design to gain in-depth insights. Data were collected in 2024, and an explanatory model was formed in accordance with grounded theory analysis.SettingInterviews were conducted with healthcare staff across primary, community and specialist care units in Sweden, encompassing both public and private sectors and representing a wide geographical spread.ParticipantsThe study involved 23 healthcare professionals, including nurses (n=18), assistant nurses (n=2) and physicians (n=3), from 22 healthcare units that participated in a preceding national mapping study. Participants were selected purposively to represent various professional roles and healthcare levels.ResultsThe analysis resulted in a theoretical model based on two categories: Healthcare traditions and clinical practices and Clinical governance. The lack of an aetiological diagnosis can be attributed to a traditional division of tasks, where ulcer care falls within the nurses’ domain. As a result, patients often receive treatment without a physician’s involvement, especially in home healthcare. Barriers and enablers for a diagnosis are present on different levels; issues close to the patient as well as structural matters. The results illustrate how healthcare units can be positioned along a scale, from traditional work distribution to evidence-based guidelines.ConclusionsThis study can be used to get a deeper understanding of the challenges of current wound management, where clinical governance can support or undermine the movement from a traditional work distribution towards an evidence-based clinical practice. Furthermore, this study can provide a basis for discussing quality improvement, to obtain good and equal care for patients with hard-to-heal ulcers.