Experts In Different Fields Research Articles

Determination of Nurses' Knowledge toward Medication used in Critical Care Units

Background: The critical care unit is one of the important units in the hospital that receives critical and dangerous cases. There are medications used in these units, including shock medications. The nurse must have enough knowledge about these medications to reduce the rate of medication error and prevent harm that occurs to patients. Aims: to determine nurses' knowledge of drugs used in critical care units and to find the relationship between nurses' knowledge and their demographic data. Methods: A quantitative descriptive study was carried out in Critical Care Units affiliated with Al-Furat Al-Awsat Hospital, Al-Hakim General Hospital, and Al-Saddr Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf City/Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Health Directorate. A non-probability (convenience) sample of 77 nurses was obtained from the above settings, regardless of their characteristics. The study began from December 10th, 2022 to April 1st, 2023. Data were collected through a special questionnaire prepared to collect the data which was divided into two parts. The validity of the questionnaire was acquired by examination of (13) experts in different fields, and correlation was utilized as a statistical approach to evaluate the reliability of the study questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The general assessment of the nurses' knowledge regarding drug in intensive care units was fail with an average score of less than (1.50), as the scores were unsatisfactory concerning medication administration. Conclusion: A study concluded that a nurse's knowledge about the medications used in intensive care units was Low, less than (1.50) overall.

The Right to Life of the Unborn in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Through the Prism of the Drafting Process

After the 75th anniversary of adopting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, we can state that some of its provisions still cause discussions about a basic and inherent right – the right to life. Getting a new “breath” after the Roe v. Wade case’s overturning, the battle between women’s abortion rights supporters and the protectors of the right to life for the unborn seems to get a new round. Worldwide experts in different fields start to find new arguments or remember the old ones to have solid proof in the discussions. It is too hard to find a more fundamental international document in the human rights field than the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which can be used in this case. Many scholars’ papers claim that the Declaration is only for an already-born person and does not cover the unborn one. However, such a vision is incorrect and causes many misunderstandings and false interpretations of the international basis of human rights protection. This work will try to dispel the myth that the Declaration was written only for a born person. After analyzing hundreds of documents from the Declaration drafting process, using historical facts and drafters’ statements, we hope to shed light on the real essence of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights about the right to life.

YADE - An extensible framework for the interactive simulation of multiscale, multiphase, and multiphysics particulate systems

This contribution presents the key elements of YADE, an extensible open-source framework for dynamic simulations. During the past 19 years, YADE has evolved from “Yet Another Dynamic Engine” to a versatile multiscale and multiphysics solver, counting a large, active, and growing community of users and developers. The computationally intense parts of the source code are written in C++, using flexible object models that allow for easy implementation of new features. The source code is wrapped in Python, equipping the software with an interactive kernel used for rapid and concise scene construction, simulation control, post-processing, and debugging. The project, including documentation and examples, is hosted on https://yade-dem.org, while the source code is freely available on GitLab. Over the last decade, YADE has expanded in terms of capabilities thanks to the contribution of many developers from different fields of expertise, including soil and rock mechanics, chemical engineering, physics, bulk material handling, and mineral processing. The rapid growth of YADE can be attributed to (1) the careful and robust design of the framework core, (2) a continuous integration pipeline with fully embedded thorough tests which are executed upon each merge request, ensuring stable compilation for various operating systems, and (3) user-friendliness, facilitated by the Python interface, detailed documentation, and rigorous user support. In this paper, we review the main features of YADE, highlighting its versatility in terms of applications, its flexibility in terms of code development, as well as recent improvements in terms of computational efficiency. Program summaryProgram Title: YADE - Yet Another Dynamic EngineCPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/n4f5fw97rd.1Developer's repository link:https://gitlab.com/yade-dev/trunkLicensing provisions: GNU General Public License 2Programming language: C++, PythonNature of problem: Numerical simulation of many-particle systems requires accurate models for particle-to-particle interactions, efficient contact detection between objects of various shapes, and robust time integration. In addition, the flow of fluids, thermal effects, as well as other coupled problems in the presence of particles are found in many fundamental and practical applications and they need dedicated computational tools. YADE provides a computational framework to perform such simulations using the discrete element method and multiple extensions of it.Solution method:YADE simulates particulate systems using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) in a flexible platform combining C++ and Python. It provides a large variety of shape and interaction models, an explicit time-integration scheme, and many post-processing tools. YADE features dedicated solvers for both fluid and heat fluxes at the pore scale, and it supports couplings with third-party software such as Escript (finite element method) and OpenFOAM (computational fluid dynamics).

Math-LIGHT problem posing by three experts with different fields of expertise: Why? What? and How?

The Math-LIGHT program is directed at promoting literacy-rich mathematical instruction in middle school. A team of designers with different types of expertise pose Math-Light problems. We perform comparative analysis of problem-posing activities by experts with different types of expertise. We demonstrate that Activity Theory (Leontiev, 1978) is a powerful theoretical framework for the analysis of the structure of problem posing activity. Framed by activity theory we ask “Why?” questions to understand the main goals of posing problems; “What?” questions are directed at the characteristics of the PP process and PP products; and “How?” questions are aimed at identifying the tools used by the designers to fit the conditions in which the problems are implemented. We find that the three designers’ problem-posing activities are complimentary and suggest that the cooperative problem posing process is essential for posing problems that integrate different perspectives and thus allow more goals to be attained.

Learning accumulation from unfamiliar environments: informal focus groups

Informal and accidental focus groups emerged in which academic personnel of the same higher education institutions (HEIs) who travel together in small vehicles, stimulated the interest to embark on this writing. The people traveling together have to interact with one another even where they initially did not know each other, due to close proximity. These opportunities took place in various settings of South Africa, such as years and places. The authors realised that especially when these trips are too long, dialogues that take place there can include informative life lessons. They then formerly decided to ‘collect’ data through observations, sometimes taking field notes such as in anthropological research approaches. The findings from very few focus groups produced a variety of lessons for the authors, but it was more pleasing that the lessons learned by the focus group members on those platforms were massive. The study found the proximity and separation of different departments as lost opportunities. It then recommends the introduction of interactions of an informal nature for experts of different fields, including those who do not even know one another.

Ten questions concerning environmental architectural design exploration

It is widely recognized that the sustainability of the built environment is one of the key strategies to tackle global crises such as climate change, resource depletion, and human health. An environmentally driven approach to architectural design and urban planning through simulations has been around for many decades. However, architects and planners haven't fully taken advantage of its potential yet due to the complexity of the tasks and the fragmentation of tools and methods in different fields of expertise. This paper aims to demonstrate how the nascent field of environmental architectural design exploration is a viable answer to complex tasks and challenges through the integration of sustainable design, environmental simulations, building performance analysis, and computational procedures leveraging parametric design environments. After defining the context that favored its development, the ten questions answered present the environmental metrics and design parameters, propose a taxonomy of simulation tools and methods, present optimization processes, identify the required data, and introduce a classification of co-simulation and design exploration workflows, emphasizing their potential for the design of sustainable buildings and districts. Then focus is given to the scales and domains of application and to the potential of machine learning methods. The paper concludes by presenting applications in practice and discussing challenges and future opportunities. Strategies and operational procedures emerge from the ten questions. They emphasize the use of holistic approaches and the selection of balanced design solutions allowed by environmental architectural design exploration for the development of a sustainable built environment.

New materials and complications of prostheses in humans: situation in Spain.

Prostheses or implantable medical devices (IMDs) are parts made of natural or artificial materials intended to replace a body structure and therefore must be well tolerated by living tissues. The types of IMDs currently available and usable are very varied and capable of replacing almost any human organ. A high but imprecise percentage of Spaniards are carriers of one or more IMDs to which they often owe their quality of life or survival. IMDs are constructed with different types of materials that are often combined in the same prosthesis. These materials must combine harmlessness to human tissues with high wear resistance. Their durability depends on many factors both on the host and the type of prosthesis, but the vast majority last for more than 10-15 years or remain in function for the lifetime of the patient. The most frequently implanted IMDs are placed in the heart or great vessels, joints, dental arches or breast and their most frequent complications are classified as non-infectious, particularly loosening or intolerance, and infectious. Complications, when they occur, lead to a significant increase in morbidity, their repair or replacement multiplies the health care cost and, on occasions, can cause the death of the patient. The fight against IMD complications is currently focused on the design of new materials that are more resistant to wear and infection and the use of antimicrobial substances that are released from these materials. Their production requires multidisciplinary technical teams, but also a willingness on the part of industry and health authorities that is not often found in Spain or in most European nations. Scientific production on prostheses and IMD in Spain is estimated to be less than 2% of the world total, and probably below what corresponds to our level of socio-economic development. The future of IMDs involves, among other factors, examining the potential role of Artificial Intelligence in their design, knowledge of tissue regeneration, greater efficiency in preventing infections and taking alternative treatments beyond antimicrobials, such as phage therapy. For these and other reasons, the Ramón Areces Foundation convened a series of experts in different fields related to prostheses and IMDs who answered and discussed a series of questions previously formulated by the Scientific Council. The following lines are the written testimony of these questions and the answers to them.

Exploring the gaps between training and expected job skills of public health graduates to identify: A way forward.

To explore the non-alignment between what is taught in academic programmes for public health and what is actually needed or expected in the field. The qualitative phenomenological study was conducted from October 2020 to April 2021 in Karachi after approval from the institutional ethics review board of Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi. The sample comprised major stakeholders including representatives of public health institutions and organisations involved in the implementation of public health programmes. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions using a guide after content validation by an expert. Data was analysed using both inductive and deductive approaches. A total of 13 in-depth interviews and 5 focus group discussions were conducted. Regarding gaps in the process of curriculum development, 2 major concerns emerged; lack of comprehensive involvement of experts in different fields of public health in designing the curriculum, and the lack of incorporation of the feedback provided by students in revising the curriculum. Regarding the content of curriculum, three main themes emerged; theoretical nature of courses, lack of uniformity in all programmes, and poor local contextualisation. The casual approach of students and barriers faced by them in joining public health programmes also affected the quality of such programmes. Three broad areas of improvement were identified, which included improvement in curriculum, methods of learning, and improving students' approach.

Global respiratory health priorities at the beginning of the 21st century.

Respiratory health has become a prevailing priority amid the diverse global health challenges that the 21st century brings, due to its substantial impact on individuals and communities on a global scale. Due to rapid advances in medicine, emerging knowledge gaps appear along with new challenges and ethical considerations. While breakthroughs in medical science can bring about encouraging possibilities for better treatments and interventions, they also lead to unanswered questions and areas where further research is warranted. A PubMed search on the topic "global respiratory health priorities" between the years 2000 and 2023 was conducted, which returned 236 articles. Of these, 55 were relevant and selected for inclusion in this article. The selection process took into account literature reviews, opinions from expert groups and careful analysis of existing gaps and challenges within the field; our selection encompasses specific infectious and noninfectious respiratory conditions in both adults and children. The global respiratory health priorities identified were selected on the basis that they have been recognised as critical areas of investigation and potential advancement and they span across clinical, translational, epidemiological and population health domains. Implementing these priorities will require a commitment to fostering collaboration and knowledge-sharing among experts in different fields with the ultimate aim to improve respiratory health outcomes for individuals and communities alike.

An ode to multidisciplinarity: the 'Bacteria Orchestrate Life' international meeting.

If scientists stick to their research expertise without collaborating with other experts in different fields, it could stall the progress of their work in a world where interdisciplinary thinking and working should be second nature. Biologists are at the forefront of this trend. That is why a consortium formed by the faculty of sciences of Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia, the GetGenome Foundation and Learn and Win, decided to organise an international conference on bacteria, a perfect field for multidisciplinarity. For 3 days, from 14 to 16 December 2023, more than 200 interdisciplinary researchers and students of life sciences and more than 20 international speakers and trainers met at the faculty of sciences in Tunis, to discuss microbiology and bacteria from different horizons, from the most fundamental to the most imaginative, with a strong focus on technologies and discoveries. This Meeting Review describes the scientific event and highlights the main results of both the conferences and the practical sessions.

Integration of migrant children in educational systems in Spain: stakeholders’ views

ABSTRACT This paper presents an overview of approaches and proposals to improve the integration of migrant children in schools in Spain and it is linked to the European research project Migrant Children and Communities in a Transforming Europe (MiCREATE). It focuses on a part of the research in which stakeholders were interviewed. Based on the needs of migrant children and practices already implemented in Spain, experts from different fields problematised and proposed improvements in current policies and practices in education. The main conclusions indicate that a more holistic and transversal approach to the inclusion of migrants is needed, as well as better coordination between institutions in different contexts and areas of action. This implies rethinking inclusive practices and involving children’s families and taking their environment into consideration, as well as supporting educational practices that foster a sense of belonging among migrant children and their families in schools, the community, and society. Finally, the paper highlights the importance of gathering data from stakeholders in different fields of expertise and areas of action in order to obtain a more complex and insightful overview of the phenomenon under study.

Development of a self-care guideline to prevent rehospitalization in stroke patients: a modified Delphi study

Introduction: Since 2007, the number of stroke cases in Indonesia has continued to increase. Stroke patients who have passed the acute phase of stroke still have a risk of recurrent stroke and rehospitalization. This study aimed to develop self-care guidelines to prevent the rehospitalization of stroke patients. Methods: A three-round modified Delphi study was applied to a panel of 24 experts with different fields of expertise, consisting of doctors, nurses, families, and patients. In the first round, data were collected through a literature review and semi-structured interviews. In the second and third rounds, data were collected using a survey questionnaire on a 9-point Likert scale. Results: The first round produced seven themes around self-care activities, including drug therapy, physical exercise, diet and nutrition, stress management, self-motivation, functional status screening, and control for risk factors. In the second round, all types of self-care in the first round were agreed upon for content in preparing the guidebook. The third round resulted in agreement on the guidebook that had been designed, with scores of 8 and above by 100% of the expert panel. Conclusions: The development of a self-care guidebook to prevent rehospitalization of stroke patients through a three-round Delphi study has reached a consensus among the entire panel of experts. Further research by testing guidebooks in the healthcare system is needed to determine their effectiveness in preventing re-hospitalization in stroke patients.

Information and Communication Technology-Based Application for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy among Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Insomnia: Development and Validation Study.

This study developed an information and communication technology-based mobile application to administer cognitive behavioral therapy to community-dwelling older adults with insomnia. First, the content of the application was determined through a systematic review and preference survey. Preference data on the perception, needs, and preference for non-face-to-face service content were collected from 15 July 2021 to 31 August 2021 from 100 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older. In the design stage, the structure and function of the application were determined, and an interface was designed. The application was developed in conjunction with design experts and programmers using Android Studio software (Android 9). Usability tests were conducted during the implementation stage, followed by an evaluation stage. The evaluation revealed that the application's structure and functions should comprise sleep information, sleep-habit improvement, sleep assistance, video, real-time counseling, and exercise services. These elements were finalized after receiving the results of a preference analysis and advice from an advisory panel of experts in different fields. The developed application was rated with a score of four or higher in all areas. This study successfully developed, implemented, and evaluated a new mobile application called Smart Sleep for community-dwelling older adults with insomnia.

The Urban Toolkit: A Grammar-Based Framework for Urban Visual Analytics.

While cities around the world are looking for smart ways to use new advances in data collection, management, and analysis to address their problems, the complex nature of urban issues and the overwhelming amount of available data have posed significant challenges in translating these efforts into actionable insights. In the past few years, urban visual analytics tools have significantly helped tackle these challenges. When analyzing a feature of interest, an urban expert must transform, integrate, and visualize different thematic (e.g., sunlight access, demographic) and physical (e.g., buildings, street networks) data layers, oftentimes across multiple spatial and temporal scales. However, integrating and analyzing these layers require expertise in different fields, increasing development time and effort. This makes the entire visual data exploration and system implementation difficult for programmers and also sets a high entry barrier for urban experts outside of computer science. With this in mind, in this paper, we present the Urban Toolkit (UTK), a flexible and extensible visualization framework that enables the easy authoring of web-based visualizations through a new high-level grammar specifically built with common urban use cases in mind. In order to facilitate the integration and visualization of different urban data, we also propose the concept of knots to merge thematic and physical urban layers. We evaluate our approach through use cases and a series of interviews with experts and practitioners from different domains, including urban accessibility, urban planning, architecture, and climate science. UTK is available at urbantk.org.

Machine translation +Post-editing: Translation process analysis of a science text from English to Chinese

Translation conveys ideas from one language to another for the purpose of communication, spreading culture and knowledge as well as promoting social civilization. Translators should reproduce the equivalent of the source-language message in terms of both meaning and style. The development of artificial intelligence is closely related to the study of human brain, so English to Chinese translation of the article A Brain for Speech. Evolutionary Continuity in Primate and Human Auditory-Vocal Processing is of considerable significance for Chinese AI workers, medical workers and common people. The translation of this article is completed by commonly used free translation softwares found in internet in mainland China plus painstaking and repeated post-editing by the student translator guided by the professors and experts in different fields. In this report, the “Comprehension, Expression and Adaptation” framework is used to analyse the problems encountered in the process of machine translation and solutions adopted in post translation editing stage to ensure accuracy of the information conveyed in the source text and expression in the target language version.

The EuroWeb Textile and Clothing Terminology Network and the Digital Atlas of European Textile Heritage: Some Reflections and Results

One of the research areas of the EuroWeb project during the four years of the COST Action (November 2020 – October 2024) is the comparative study of textile and clothing terminologies in European languages across time. Inside the EuroWeb network, the research group on Textile and clothing terminologies has three topics of particular interest: 1. the specificities of these terminologies, and the strategies for naming textiles and garments; 2. the impact of European geography on textile and clothing terminologies, especially visible through textile terms formed after a toponym or through the circulation of loanwords; 3. the influence of textile and clothing terminologies on texts, languages, and literature. Although the geographical scope of the project is focused on Europe, it also includes neighboring areas. The terminology research group counted more than 120 people, specialists in the study of modern or ancient textile terminologies who have various disciplinary profiles: Historians, epigraphists, linguists and terminologists, archaeologists, art historians, and museums curators. The aim of the EuroWeb COST Action is to bring together these experts in different fields related to textiles studies through joint meetings, scientific conferences, and training schools, but also through collaborative research and brainstorming around the construction of common tools. Examples include a terminological vocabulary of the basic terms of our field of study, or an online platform to share knowledge on the terminology of textiles and clothing. In this article, we want to focus on the work carried out during the first years of the EuroWeb project (November 2020 – October 2024) by the terminology research group, starting with a focus on the collaboration with the team involved in the creation of the Digital Atlas of European Textile Heritage.

Healing Applications in Hospital Interiors: Ceramic Art

Healthcare facilities include complex partnerships that accommodate different types of users to meet the needs of the healthcare sector and require the collaboration of many disciplines to meet these needs. Hospitals, which contain the outputs of different fields of expertise from city scale to industrial product scale, are fed by the fields of engineering, architecture, and interior architecture in terms of space. Interior design, on the other hand, is divided into theoretical and practical specializations related to building types. The fact that health buildings have significant differences from other buildings due to their function and the obligations that would be met is of great importance in terms of the benefit to be provided to the public by the studies to be carried out in the field. Hospital buildings and spaces are constructed and designed according to the standards determined by the shade's laws, regulations, or guidelines where they are to be built. In this context, the study aims to provide a public contribution with art outputs that would positively affect the recovery of the user for the spaces that are generally open to the use of users in hospital interiors by researching the standards in the framework of international standards. However, since traditional and modern art contents have different spatial needs; ceramic art outputs, which are included in traditional art, focus on the specific evaluation of the research with its visual and tactile character. Using qualitative research methods; hospital construction guidelines and literature research were carried out by data collection and inductive methods. The research aims to make theoretical and practical contributions to the healing space with ceramic artworks/objects in the field of architecture and design.

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations of Antibiotic Use in Neonates.

The selection of an appropriate dose of a given antibiotic for a neonate not only requires knowledge of the drug's basic pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties but also the profound effects that organ development might have on the volume of distribution and clearance, both of which may affect the PK/PD of a drug. Interest has grown in alternative antibiotic dosing strategies that are better aligned with the antibiotic's PK and PD properties. These strategies should be used in conjunction with minimum inhibitory concentration measurements and therapeutic drug monitoring to measure their potential success. They can also guide the clinician in tailoring the delivery of antibiotics to suit an individual patient's needs. Model-informed precision dosing, such as Bayesian forecasting dosing software (which incorporates PK/PD population models), may be utilized to optimize antibiotic exposure in neonatal populations. Consequently, optimizing the antibiotic dose and exposure in each newborn requires expertise in different fields. It drives the collaboration of physicians together with lab technicians and quantitative clinical pharmacologists.

Coordination analysis in disaster management: A qualitative approach in Türkiye

Disaster management is a multi-disciplinary field in which different fields of expertise and institutions work together internationally. The coordination of divergent institutions is necessary for their everyday functioning. However, these persistently vexing phenomena are exacerbated by uncoordinated processes. This study aimed to explore and describe the coordination experiences of the professionals involved in the disaster management process. A phenomenological pattern was applied, a method that tries to make sense of experiences. A purposive sampling method was used, and interviews lasting 977 minutes with 31 people were conducted. The results revealed that disaster drills and training are held to ensure inter-institutional coordination. However, coordination is explained with the concepts of communication. The differentiation between the theoretical knowledge of coordination and its practical application is noteworthy. The most common issues that caused coordination problems were related to the incident command system, leadership, resource management, communication, and the use of social media. More specific problems codes are uncertain assignments, multi-authority, lack of language unity, and leadership gap. Disinformation in the social media category appears as a coordination problem. However, it has been intensely stated that social media should be used for rapid information sharing. It is advisable to receive leadership training and incorporate social media into the coordination process to improve disaster risk management. This will aid in better comprehension and implementation of the measures needed.

Statistical Methods for Visualizing Healthcare Big Data

With the advancement and acceleration of digital technology, the demand and supply of healthcare big data are increasing. In Korea, the government and companies have made various efforts to utilize healthcare big data, such as deregulation data-related legal regulations and data linkage between different institutions. As a result, many researchers have been able to access a variety of healthcare big data. Although healthcare big data has a vast amount and high value, many researchers are unable to fully access healthcare big data because there are difficulties in processing, analysis, and interpretation for data. The data visualization is recognized as an important tool that can solve these limitations. Using data visualization, researchers can intuitively understand complex data and receive support for decision-making. Additionally, these visualizations promote effective communication between experts in different fields and between experts and non-experts. Visualization is used in a variety of research fields and processes, including data summarization, data exploration, and evaluation and interpretation of predictive models. Various types of visualization have different meanings depending on how they are expressed. Therefore, it is important to express the meaning of visualization appropriately. This study provides representative examples of visual representations for data summarization, data exploration, and predictive model evaluation. This study aimed to improve easier access and utilization of healthcare big data by providing R code and visualization results.