Expert Training System Research Articles

Current Status and Policy Direction of the Age-Friendly Industry in Korea

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze the current status of Korea’s age-friendly industry (AFI), which is attracting attention as a solution to various social and economic problems caused by aging, and to find policy directions for the future.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - In order to understand the current status of the age-friendly industry in Korea, this study first investigated and analyzed nine industrial sectors classified by the government. It also looked at the current four major policies fostering this industry. Finally, based on the results of analysis, this study suggests future policy directions.
 Findings - Korea’s age-friendly industry did not fully consider the characteristics and needs of the elderly, and neglected many fields other than care services. In addition, it was still difficult for consumers to access this industry, and practical experts were not effectly nurtured. 
 Research Implications - Based on the results of the analysis, this study identified the problems of the current age-friendly industry in Korea. and suggested the following four policy directions: (1) a broader analysis of the characteristics and needs of the elderly, (2) the expansion of customized consulting for the diversification and quality improvement of age-friendly industrial products, (3) active private participation to increase accessibility to consumers and expansion of promotion centered on residential areas in the region, and (4) the introduction of a more practical expert training system through non-degree programs.

Experience of medical schools functioning in the USSR during World War II

The pandemic environment, which emerged in 2020, makes it clear that analysis of historical experience of adaptation of expert training system during crises is very urgent. This article discusses the experience of medical schools in the Soviet Union during World War II, adaptation and rearrangement of the system under difficult crisis conditions, their results. New tasks of medical schools are determined, which occurred during the war, and methods of their solution. It is concluded that high shortage of medical doctors occurring with entry of the Soviet Union into the war was overcome by means of preservation (evacuation) and expansion (establishment of new medical schools, departments and courses, reorganization and reprofiling) of the base for medical personnel training, as well as emergency rearrangement of unified national educational plans and programs of medical doctors’ training. The principle of medical education established by the Soviet system of qualified medical personnel training during the war as well as the measures, coordinated by various federal and republican authorities regarding medical school, demonstrated their efficiency.

Forensic engineering expert training within the system of higher and supplementary vocational education: problematic aspects

Introduction. Forensic structural engineering dates back to the late 20th century. Since then its theoretical and methodological fundamentals have been developed, and considerable practical experience has been accumulated. Nowadays, it is one of the most in-demand type of expert investigations performed in the course of judicial proceedings in Russia; therefore, it has boosted a significant inflow of specialists into forensic investigation organizations. At present, their total staffing exceeds ten thousand specialists. However, the professional training of forensic engineering experts is often heavily and rightly criticized by investigators, judges, and parties to judicial proceedings, defending their legitimate interests. The ever growing number of forensic expert investigations, ordered by the courts, and the growing complexity of tasks to be tackled by experts, have pre-determined the need for an effective expert training system, so that the qualification of experts could meet the rising demands of present-day court proceedings. The objective of this study is to develop the basic principles of this system. Materials and methods. This article is based on the assumption that the special features of activities, performed by forensic experts, determine, to a great extent, the essential principles of effective teaching of this discipline, as well as the major problems arising in the course of student training. The authors describe a combination of didactic methods (oral, printed and verbal, illustrative methods, etc.), teaching techniques and tools used to address these problems. Results. A coherent overview of features of a forensic structural engineering investigation (FSEI), including the procedural nature of its performance, the predominantly regulatory character of forensic investigations, as well as the practical value of FSEI findings substantially improve the efficiency of training highly qualified specialists. The statistics indicate that over 99 % of students can successfully complete training programs. Conclusions. A comprehensive, substantive procedural approach to the explanation of educational materials has proven to be effective. This approach is tailored to the specific nature of forensic activities, and it should be fully integrated into the process of training forensic engineering experts.

АРХІТЕКТУРА ТА КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ЕКСПЕРТНО-НАВЧАЛЬНИХ СИСТЕМ З ПІДГОТОВКИ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ФАХІВЦІВ

The existence of a full-fledged system of training military specialists, which meets the needs of access to content and forms the relevant competencies of students, is an integral feature of higher military education. The article analyzes the architecture and classification of expert training systems for the training of military specialists that can be used for training. Expert training system for military training is based on three groups of principles: cybernetic, pedagogical, psychological, which are the basis for the design, storage and transformation of information, determine the forms of teacher activity and features of formation, functioning and forms of manifestation in relation to the human psyche. The architecture of expert-training systems of military specialists training is described, which interacts with the following categories of users: listener who uses the knowledge embedded in the system; expert teacher who transfers knowledge to the system; expert psychologist, who ensures the adaptation of the system to the individual characteristics of the listener; subject matter expert who transfers professional knowledge and shares experience. The conditions on which the efficiency of expert-educational systems depends are presented: high speed of information processing; accumulation and application of learning outcomes of students; adaptation of the system to the level of knowledge of students. The expert training system for the training of military specialists is classified according to global criteria: by the type of task to be solved; in real time; by the degree of integration with other programs; by degree of access. The criterion for the type of problem to be solved includes: data interpretation, diagnostics, monitoring, design, forecasting, planning, training. The criterion for real-time communication consists of statistical, quasi-dynamic and dynamic expert training systems. Integration is provided with autonomous and hybrid expert training systems. The degree of access is divided into open and closed. The use of expert training systems for the training of military specialists is based on information technology training with the use of distributed knowledge.

A Study on the Citizen-Participated Workshop for CPTED

범죄예방설계 사업 후에도 안전한 환경이 유지되기 위해서는 계획단계에서 주민참여를 통한 사업실행이 매우 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 2세대 범죄예방설계가 강조되는 현실에서 주민참여 범죄예방설계 워크샵 방안을 모색하기 위해 진행되었다. 국내에서 진행된 관련 사업 및 교육 프로그램을 분석한 결과 주민참여 워크샵은‘안전지도 만들기(낮은 단계), 역할놀이 및 행태지도 만들기(중간 단계), 디자인 게임(높은 단계)’등으로 구분되며, 3가지 모두 주민관심과 참여를 높이고 범죄예방설계 원리에 근거한 전략을 도출하는데 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 지역기반 범죄예방설계가 정착되기 위해서는 유형별 워크샵의 특성과 목적을 이해하고 구체적인 범죄 및 불안감 원인규명 및 이를 효과적으로 통제할 수 있는 대안제시가 이루어져야 한다. 이를 위해서는 주민 참여방법과 주의사항, 특성 등을 정리한 지역기반 워크샵 매뉴얼 개발과 함께 워크샵을 효율적으로 진행할 수 있는 전문가 양성도 필요하다.In order to maintain a safe environment after a CPTED(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) project, it is important to implement a project through residents’ participation and various measures are needed for residents to participate in the planning phase. The purpose of this study is consider to find effective citizen-participated workshops and measures focused on 2nd CPTED. According to the literatures’ review, the workshops are categorized into safety mapping, role playing, behavior mapping, and design game. The workshop measures are found to contribute to promoting interest and participation of residents and to derive concrete strategies based on the principles of CPTED. The results of this study are followings; i) it is thought that citizen-participated CPTED workshops such as safety mapping, role playing, behavior mapping, and design game are necessary to activate local-based CPTED project, ii) as CPTED workshops are processed for crime prevention, they should be programmed with the aim of deriving preventive measures of crime and fear of crime, iii) finally it is necessary to develop an expert training system and local-based manual for CPTED workshop through various case studies.

Analysis Of The HTA Process In Bulgaria And Ensurance Of Experts For Working Groups On Health Technology Assessment

Introduction: The HTA process is new for Bulgaria. Its effectiveness depends on several factors, including technical security, availability of experts, training, and competence of experts, as well as the MAH experience and awareness regarding the nature of HTA, administrative procedures, deadlines and requirements for evaluations. At the initial stage of the process, its important these factors to be analyzed and evaluated for improving the overall conducting of HTA in Bulgaria. Objective: This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the insurance with experts regarding the activities of the appointed working expert groups, which work on applications for HTA, under Article 10, paragraph 1 of Ordinance No. 9 on the terms and conditions of Health Technology Assessment. Methodology: The study is based on data about the number and specialties of the experts, involved and participating in the working expert groups. The information sources are the database from the HTA Department in NCPHA and all the registers that are maintained. The quantitative results of the study are presented graphically. The monitoring method is applied to the overall organization of the study objects - the Health Technology Assessment Department in NCPHA and the working expert groups. Results: A register of experts has been established at the NCPHA who has applied for participation in HTA working expert groups. Doctors from different specialties predominate. The number of statisticians and economists is relatively small and does not cover the needs of the process, so it is necessary to involve the same experts at the same time in several committees. A considerable part of the experts is habilitated persons. Тhe overwhelming number of people with academic positions, who have applied for inclusion as experts in the working expert groups is dictated by their scientific interest in the specific field and the relevance of the HTA process in Bulgaria. A habilitated person is always appointed for chairman of each working expert group, in most cases a physician with a specialty profile for a particular disease. Conclusion: The analysis shows that the organization of the process is good, but there are problems with its resource availability. The recruitment of highly qualified specialists to be involved in the HTA process should continue. It is necessary to build an expert training system, as well as an information system to support the process.

An empirical study on security expert ecosystem in the future IoT service environment

As society become increasingly information-oriented, the use of cyberspace is also expanding, and people are exposed to various cyber-terror threats and security incidents. Additionally, according to the development of convergence security that extends from information security to all industrial sectors, the demand for an information security workforce has increased along with the development of the information security industry. Despite the expectation of a shortage of information security workforce due to the great demand surpassing the supply of available workers, the turnover among existing information security experts is very serious. The reasons why this turnover is such problem are as follows. First, the expert training system for the information security workforce is incomplete. Second, these experts do not receive an appropriate education for turnover in information security area or information as an insufficient data against the distribution or job mobility of the information security area though there are various occupations in information security area. Therefore, this paper will conduct research on the distribution of information security roles and the frequency of such job mobility in order to resolve these problems.

An Information Systems Design Theory for an Expert System for Training

The authors developed and evaluated an expert system-based training system using Information Systems Design Theory (ISDT). First, an Expert System for Training (EST) was designed and implemented, and then a version of EST without expertise features, called IST, was also created. In order to evaluate which training system (if any) delivers better training, a three-group quasi-experiment was used. Each group was trained to use Statistical Process Control (SPC). One group was trained using the EST; outcomes for this group were significantly the highest among the three. A second group was trained using the IST; outcomes were not as high as the first group but significantly higher compared with the control group. The control group was trained with traditional means. Results show that the ISDT led to a useful purposely-developed application for enhancing the training of workers who have limited education but need to know about a very specific and complex field where the availability of trainers is limited. The authors call for further research that uses this ISDT to build purposely-developed software to support training of complex tasks.

Operations analysis of behavioral observation procedures: a taxonomy for modeling in an expert training system

This article introduces a taxonomy based on a procedural operations analysis (Verplanck, 1996) of various method descriptions found in the behavior observation research literature. How these alternative procedures impact the recording and subsequent analysis of behavioral events on the basis of the type of time and behavior recordings made is also discussed. The taxonomy was generated as a foundation for the continuing development of an expert training system called Train-to-Code (TTC; J. M. Ray & Ray, (Behavior Research Methods 40:673-693, 2008)). Presently in its second version, TTC V2.0 is software designed for errorless training (Terrace, (Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 6:1-27, 1963)) of student accuracy and fluency in the direct observation and coding of behavioral or verbal events depicted via digital video. Two of 16 alternative procedures classified by the taxonomy are presently modeled in TTC's structural interface and functional services. These two models are presented as illustrations of how the taxonomy guides software user interface and algorithm development. The remaining 14 procedures are described in sufficient operational detail to allow similar model-oriented translation.

A user‐centred approach to the design of an expert system for training

This paper reports the objectives, design approach and first results of a research project that aims to develop an intelligent computer‐based learning environment for industrial applications. Jonas, an expert system, is part of a modelling/simulation environment which enables shopfloor workers to test and to put new philosophies of work into practice in the context of manufacture. Our approach is focused on three main ideas: the Intelligence Augmentation paradigm, user‐centred system design and the constructionist theory of learning. The architecture of the modelling environment and the main features of Jonas are presented as an illustration of the design ideas discussed in the paper.

アーク溶接におけるエキスパートシステムの構築

Although most of welding works have been automated recently in a sophisticated manner especially for large structures, a manual welding is still conducted for welded joints with complex configuration and for welding works consisting of various welding conditions. Formerly, skilled workers, who had undergone a special training course for a long period, have been engaged in such manual welding works. It is considered, however, that welding works of less important structures with regard strength, though being with complex configuration, could be done by semiskilled workers.The primary concern in this paper is to develop an expert system for training semiskilled workers in arc welding in a short period. In the first place, attempts are made to acquire the knowledge of skilled worker through arc welding experiments using video systems, and the knowledges so obtained are evaluated numerically. The objective knowledges here are welding speed and crater treatment procedures, which skilled workers seem to have in their minds unconsciously. The validity of the welding works conducted by an expert is substantiated by 3-dimensional finite difference analysis concerning crater treatment form a viewpoint of cooling cycle.