The distribution of ions and their impact on the structure of electrolyte interfaces plays an important role in many applications. Interestingly, recent experimental studies have suggested the preferential accumulation of SO42- ions at the Na2SO4,aq-graphene interface in disagreement with the generally known tendency of cations to accumulate at graphene-electrolyte interfaces. Herein, we resolve the atomistic structure of the Na2SO4,aq-graphene interface in the 0.1-2.0M concentration range using machine learning interatomic potential-based simulations and simulated sum frequency generation (SFG) spectra to reveal the molecular origins of the conundrum. Our results show that Na+ ions accumulate between the outermost and second interfacial water layers whereas SO42- ions accumulate within the second interfacial water layer indicating cation dominated interfaces. We find that the interfacial region (within ∼10Å of the graphene sheet) is negatively charged due to the sub-stoichiometric Na+/SO42- ratio at the interface. Our simulated SFG spectra show enhancement and a redshift of the spectra in the hydrogen bonded region as a function of Na2SO4 concentration similar to measurements due to SO42--induced changes in the orientational order of water molecules in the second interfacial layer. Our study demonstrates that ion stratification and ion-induced water reorganization are key elements of understanding the electrolyte-graphene interface.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the standard diagnostic technique for the locoregional assessment of rectal cancer. The pertinent guidelines recommend neoadjuvant therapy depending on cT and cN categories. In this experimental study, we examined the accuracy of pretreatment MRI staging. MRIs of 50 patients from the OCUM study (non-pretreated, 24 women, histologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma, located ≤12cm from the anal verge, stages I-III) were re-assessed by 74 radiologists affiliated with certified colorectal cancer centers. The radiologically determined Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stages were compared with the histopathological findings, which were unknown to the radiologists. The degree of agreement between the radiologists' assessments and the histopathology was analyzed with κGold, a weighted average of Brennan-Prediger agreement coefficients. 2915 complete assessments were performed for cTcN (UICC stages); 740 cases (25.4%) were not classifiable because of cTX (0.1%) or cNX (25.3%). The UICC stage accorded with the histopathology in 979 cases (33.6%); there was overstaging in 737 cases (25.3%) and understaging in 459 (15.7%). The κGold for agreement was 0.114 (95% confidence interval, [0.032-0.20]). Agreement was also low for T- and N-categories (κGold=0.354 and κGold=0.235, respectively), but was better for distance to the mesorectal fascia (MRF) (κGold=0.736) and extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) (κGold=0.579). Although MRI remains the standard diagnostic technique for the locoregional assessment of rectal cancer, its accuracy for T- and N-staging in rectal cancer is low, particularly with regard to the distinction of T2 from T3a/b and the assessment of lymph nodes. The assessment of MRF and EMVI is much more reliable.

Aqueous zinc-iodine (Zn-I2) batteries have the advantages of low cost, high specific capacity, and high energy density, but they face challenges like the shuttle effect of polyiodide intermediates and slow redox kinetics. Herein, the phosphorus-positive porous aromatic framework (PAF-182) is first proposed as the iodine cathode additive, which can capture and confine polyiodides due to the proper pore size and the unique P+ site on the backbone. Both experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the robust electrostatic interaction inhibits the shuttling effect of polyiodides and localizes the iodine redox reaction on the cathode, favoring rapid redox kinetics. As a result, the Zn-I2 batteries with PAF-182 deliver the high specific capacity of 227.2 mA h g-1 at 0.05 A g-1 and retain 80.35% capacity after 20000 cycles at 2 A g-1. This work paves the way for the application of porous aromatic frameworks in Zn-I2 batteries and the realization of next-generation high-performance Zn-I2 batteries.

Hydrogen (H2) sensors capable of sub-ppm detection are vital for safety in hydrogen energy and electrical equipment diagnostics. This work presents a high-performance resistive hydrogen sensor based on a PdAu alloy, achieved through the synergistic optimization of material microstructure and device architecture. We discover that annealing at 250 °C forms a partially alloyed, compositionally graded structure-a Au-enriched surface atop a Pd-rich bulk-which simultaneously enhances sensitivity and poisoning resistance. Coupled with an optimized parallel electrode configuration of 2 μm linewidth, this design ensures uniform current distribution and maximizes the edge-to-volume ratio, drastically improving hydrogen diffusion kinetics. The resulting sensor (P2-250) exhibits an exceptional detection limit of 0.1 ppm H2 at room temperature, a response magnitude 70.6% higher than its series counterpart, excellent selectivity against interferents (e.g., CO), and stable operation over 60 days. Furthermore, the sensor successfully demonstrated the capability for in situ detection of dissolved hydrogen in insulating oil. This study provides a multifaceted optimization strategy encompassing annealing, electrode design, and feature size for developing high-performance PdAu-based resistive hydrogen sensors for sub-ppm applications.

According to the human milk banking guidelines in Japan, issued in 2014, pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) is discarded 24 hours after thawing. However, previous studies have suggested that PDHM remains safe for administration to preterm infants for up to 48 hours after thawing, potentially reducing unnecessary wastage. This study aimed to assess the microbiological safety and the preservation of nutritional and immunological properties of PDHM stored under refrigeration for up to 48 hours after thawing. This was a paired-sample experimental study evaluating the safety and composition of PDHM during refrigerated storage after thawing. Individual pasteurized milk samples from 40 donors were thawed overnight in a refrigerator and analyzed at 24 and 48 hours. Samples were cultured on sheep blood agar and incubated for 48 hours at 35 °C to assess bacterial growth. Macronutrients, micronutrients, and immune substances (sIgA and lactoferrin) were measured using specialized analyzers and ELISA kits. The pH of the samples was determined at 24 and 48 hours using a tabletop pH analyzer. Small but statistically significant changes were observed in several components during 48 hours of storage. Fat, carbohydrates, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, sIgA, and lactoferrin showed slight variations, while protein and zinc remained stable. Fat decreased after 24 hours compared with immediately after pasteurization but did not decline further at 48 hours. The mean pH increased slightly from 7.047 to 7.102 (p = 0.003). No bacterial growth was detected at either 24 or 48 hours. Although minor biochemical changes occurred, these were not clinically significant. Extending PDHM use to 48 hours after thawing maintained its nutritional and microbiological integrity and could inform revisions to current Japanese milk bank guidelines.

ABSTRACT A preregistered online experimental survey consisting of 768 participants was conducted to determine the impact of online consumer reviews (OCRs) on citizens’ ratings of the public services they received. The results demonstrate that citizens tend to conform and rate the agency similarly when their service experience does not align with an agency’s OCR. Next, some support indicates that citizens are more likely to “recommend” the public organization after receiving a good service from the agency when the OCR is poor than “warn” individuals about a public organization after receiving a poor service from the agency when the OCR is good?

To examine the effects of virtual reality glasses and stress-ball use on pain, vital signs, anxiety, fear, satisfaction, and comfort during dressing changes in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. This research is a randomized experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. The study was conducted from 8 August to 20 November 2024 in general surgery unit 1 of a city hospital in the Mediterranean Region of Türkiye. A total of 156 patients who underwent abdominal surgery and met the sampling criteria were included in the study: 52 in the virtual reality group, 52 in the stress ball group, and 52 in the control group. Data were collected using the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics form, state-trait anxiety inventory, and visual analog scale. Patients who were given virtual reality glasses and a stress ball during dressing changes reported higher levels of comfort and relaxation than those in the control group. Fear levels during dressing changes were also higher in the virtual reality group than in the other groups. Anxiety levels were lower in the intervention groups (virtual reality and stress ball) compared to the control group. No statistically significant differences were found among the groups with respect to pain, vital signs, or satisfaction. The use of virtual reality glasses and stress balls during dressing changes in patients appears to be effective in enhancing comfort and reducing anxiety.

Background/Objectives: Adequate peri-implant soft tissue thickness is essential for long-term peri-implant health and esthetics. Horizontal platelet-rich fibrin (H-PRF) has been proposed to support soft tissue regeneration; however, experimental and translational evidence for its application in peri-implant soft tissue augmentation remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate a H-PRF membrane block approach primarily through an experimental animal model, with clinical cases presented to illustrate translational feasibility. Methods: A customized compression device was used to fabricate the H-PRF membrane block. The biological performance of the H-PRF membrane block was first evaluated in a rabbit model, with histologic assessment of peri-implant soft tissue thickness and integration at 8 weeks. Representative clinical cases requiring peri-implant mucosal thickening were subsequently treated with H-PRF membrane block on the buccal aspect of the alveolar bone beneath a supra-periosteal flap to demonstrate clinical applicability. Results: In the animal model, the H-PRF membrane block resulted in a significant increase in peri-implant soft tissue thickness by increasing the lamina propria compared with control sites demonstrated by histologic analysis. The clinical illustrations showed stable buccal soft tissue volume and contour with minimal patient morbidity. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this experimental study, the horizontal H-PRF membrane block technique demonstrated promising biological performance for peri-implant soft tissue augmentation in an animal model. The accompanying clinical illustrations support the translational feasibility of this approach. Clinical relevance: This experimental study provides biological and translational insight into a minimally invasive strategy for peri-implant soft tissue thickening and may inform future controlled clinical investigations.

Defensins function as critical effectors of innate immunity, displaying broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. While experimental studies have extensively characterized these peptides, the molecular mechanisms governing their membrane interactions remain poorly understood. This investigation employed comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations to analyze six defensins (human and rabbit α-defensins HNP1, HNP3, rabbit NP4 and human β-defensins HBD1, HBD2, HBD3) using the IMM1 implicit membrane model for studying interactions with anionic bacterial membranes. Both monomeric and dimeric forms were examined to elucidate oligomerization effects on membrane binding and penetration mechanisms. Transfer energy calculations revealed distinct binding patterns and orientations among different defensin subtypes, with β-defensins demonstrating superior membrane affinity compared to α-defensins. HBD3 exhibited the most favorable membrane interactions, correlating with its exceptional antimicrobial potency. Binding orientation analysis demonstrated that defensins adopt specific membrane-bound configurations that optimize electrostatic interactions with anionic membrane surfaces while strategically positioning hydrophobic regions for effective membrane insertion. These findings provide molecular level insights into defensin selectivity mechanisms for bacterial membranes and establish a foundation for defensin-based therapeutic development. The results validate that computational approaches effectively complement experimental studies in elucidating complex antimicrobial peptide mechanisms. This modeling framework supports rational design of next generation defensin therapeutics with optimized antimicrobial activity and pathogen selectivity.

Ethanol-induced gastric ulcer is categorized via acute mucosal injury mediated by oxidative stress, inflammation, and disruption of gastric barrier. Notoginsenoside R1 (NR) is a saponin that has shown the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects; however, its gastroprotective effect and mechanisms remain unclear. In this experimental study, we evaluate the gastroprotective effect of notoginsenoside R1 (NR) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers and evaluate the underlying mechanism. Orally administration of ethanol (5mL/kg) was used for induction of the gastric ulcers in the rats. Rats were pretreated with NR prior to ethanol exposure. Gastric damage was assessed via lesion score, ulcer index, pH, gastric juice volume, and total acidity. Biochemical analyses included hepatic, antioxidant, non-hepatic, inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and inflammatory parameters that were analyzed. Key signaling genes were further evaluated at the mRNA level. NR treatment significantly (p < 0.001) improved body weight and altered organ weights (stomach and liver) as well as relative organ weight. NR pretreatment remarkably ameliorates ethanol-induced gastric injury, as evidenced by decreased ulcer index, lesion score, gastric juice, total acidity, and restoration of gastric pH. NR altered the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Notoginsenoside R1 treatment group rats significantly (p < 0.001) altered the levels of hepatic parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); non-hepatic parameters like total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, and A/G ratio; antioxidant parameters viz., malonaldehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH); inflammatory cytokines include tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interleukin-18 (IL-18); apoptosis parameters such as Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio; inflammatory parameters such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Notoginsenoside R1 treatment significantly (p < 0.001) altered the mRNA expression of COX-2, iNOS, PGE2 synthase, NF-κB (p65), Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88). Notoginsenoside R1 exerts the gastroprotective effect against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers via attenuation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, primarily via alteration of HO-1/Nrf2, VEGFR2/ERK, and NF-κB/TLR-2/Myd88 signaling pathway.

Kindlin-2 is a focal adhesion protein essential for integrin activation and linkage to the actin cytoskeleton, yet the structural basis of its direct interaction with F-actin remains poorly understood. As a member of the FERM-domain family, kindlin-2 contains F0-F3 subdomains that serve as potential interfaces for cytoskeletal and membrane binding. Here, we combined computational docking, molecular dynamics simulations, binding free energy calculations, and coimmunoprecipitation assays to dissect the molecular interfaces of the kindlin-2-actin complex. Our analysis revealed a previously unrecognized actin-binding site within the F3 domain, in addition to the established binding site in the F0 domain. The F3 domain engages actin through extensive electrostatic and hydrophobic contacts, with hydrophobic residues overlapping those that interact with the cytoplasmic tail of integrin β1, suggesting F3 as a shared docking hub for both actin and integrins. Functional validation using domain truncations confirmed the critical role of the F3 domain, while excluding alternative interfaces predicted from docking models. Integrating these findings, we propose a structural model for a dimeric kindlin-2-actin complex, in which one protomer forms a stable F3-actin interface and the other adopts a more flexible conformation with an unbound F0 domain. This asymmetric configuration provides a mechanistic framework for how kindlin-2 simultaneously couples integrins to actin and coordinates recruitment of adhesion-associated proteins. Our study establishes the F3 domain as a central element in kindlin-mediated integrin-actin coupling and highlights its broader significance in adhesion signaling.

Nanoscale thermal management is critical for colloidal nanocrystal solids, which have inherently low thermal conductivities. The thermal properties of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals, in particular, remain underexplored. At the same time, while binary nanocrystal assemblies extend structural and electronic tunability, their impact on nanoscale thermal transport demands exploration. Here, we investigate the heat transport properties of disordered binary assemblies of colloidal CsPbBr3 and Au nanocrystals. We undertake a combined theoretical and experimental study, including spatiotemporally resolved thermoreflectance microscopy experiments of heat propagation, finite element simulations of realistic spatial arrangements, and we develop an effective medium model for multicomponent nanocrystal films. Despite a three-hundred-fold difference in the bulk thermal conductivities of CsPbBr3 and Au, the ligands dominate that of the colloidal nanocrystal film, rendering the perovskite-based system nearly as thermally conductive as an equivalent metal nanocrystal-based one. Superlattices of cubic CsPbBr3 nanocrystals effectively maximize the core volume fraction and thereby the composite thermal conductivity for a given size and ligand. Indeed, introducing spherical Au nanocrystals to a cubic CsPbBr3 nanocrystal assembly counterintuitively decreases the overall thermal conductivity by reducing packing density. However, thermal transport in the binary nanocrystal films is diffusive despite packing disorder and local CsPbBr3:Au ratio variations, allowing nanoscale transport properties to extrapolate well to the bulk. These results highlight the complex interplay between composition, geometry, and interfacial effects in determining thermal transport in hybrid nanocrystal networks. We discuss these considerations in the context of thermal management for applications of nanocrystal solids.

The ability to predict the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence has potential to provide insights into its function, and in the context of disease, its pathogenic mechanisms and potential drug targets. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven algorithms, particularly AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold, have revolutionized the field of protein modelling, enabling rapid, high-confidence predictions of protein structures. In nephrology, these advances have clarified the molecular architecture of key renal systems such as podocyte slit diaphragm complexes, the conformational states of membrane transporters and the structural basis of channelopathies that affect polycystin channels. These developments have also enabled low-resolution modelling of complex macromolecular structures, providing insights into structural changes that might underlie the pathogenesis of disease mutants, and enabled virtual screening of drugs and toxins. Although these AI models have yielded important new insights, their integration with experimental methods, particularly cellular cryogenic electron tomography, remains crucial for capturing the domain flexibility, conformational dynamics and binding specificity of proteins in their native environment. Combining AI-based structure prediction with experimental validation will uncover novel pathophysiological mechanisms, guide drug discovery and reveal potential new avenues to target mechanisms of kidney disease.

Background: Microplastic (MPs) are free radicals, which can cause oxidative stress and lead to lipid peroxidation. The body’s efforts to overcome ROS are endogenous antioxidants, namely the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Pineapple extract, rich in antioxidants such as bromelain, flavonoids, and vitamin C, is expected to overcome exposure to free radicals from MPs. Objective: To assess the effect of pineapple extract on activity level of SOD. Method: Using a true experiment with post-test only control group design. The sample used 15 rats, which were divided into 5 groups; normal group, positive control group that is induced by microplastic (4.200 μg/ml) by oral probe, and the other three groups induced by microplastic personde with pineapple extract at doses of 87.5 mg/kg BW, 175 mg/kg BW and 350 mg/kg BW by oral probe. Treatment was given for 35 days. SOD levels were measured using the ELISA technique. Results and Discussion: A significant difference was observed in mean of SOD with the one-way annova test p: 0.000. The result of linear regression obtained adjusted R2: 0,864 for SOD. The increase in the level of SOD are due to the high level of bromelain, flavonoids, and vitamin C in the pineapple extract, so that it works as an antioxidant to reduce lipid peroxidation and increase the level of antioxidant SOD. Conclusion: There is an effect of giving pineapple extract (Ananas comossus L.) on the level of SOD in rat microplastic-induced liver injury.

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is essential for patients with severe respiratory failure who do not respond to conventional mechanical ventilation. Adequate ECMO flow and safe circuit pressure are critical; however, cannula selection, which has a great impact on these factors, is often based on empirical judgment. This study aimed to develop a simple predictive method based on fluid dynamics for estimating ECMO flow rate and circuit pressures (P1: pre-pump, P2: pre-oxygenator, and P3: post-oxygenator). This experimental predictive model study compared the calculated and measured ECMO parameters across 36 combinations of cannula sizes, pump speeds, and bed heights. A laboratory-based ECMO circuit model was assembled with various drainage and return cannulas, an oxygenator, tubing, and a centrifugal pump. The circuit was primed with a 33% glycerin solution and tested across the 36 combinations. A four-step prediction method was applied: (1) modeling the pressure-flow relationships of ECMO components and the pump using manufacturer data; (2) identifying the expected flow rate by locating the intersection of the total circuit resistance and pump output curves; (3) sequentially calculating pressure drops across the circuit; and (4) adjusting pressures based on bed height. The predicted flow rate and circuit pressure values were compared to experimental measurements across the 36 combinations. The calculated and measured values showed strong agreement (R2 = 0.96-0.97), and predictions were significant. Notably, bed height alterations were confirmed to affect circuit pressure but not flow rate. Our newly developed method reliably predicts the ECMO flow rate and circuit pressure. Hence, it can be considered a valuable tool for preemptively selecting the optimal cannula size for ECMO, thus improving patient safety and circuit management. Furthermore, it may be a valuable educational tool, making complex hemodynamic concepts more intuitive for trainees.

Background Many factors, such as lifestyle, medication, and environmental exposures, are reported to cause thyroid hormone system disruption (THSD) in humans, however studies linking THSD to health effects are sparse. Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) provide mechanistic links from molecular events to adverse outcomes, with effect biomarkers serving as a tool to empirically anchor key events and health effects and to assess biological relevance. Aim This review aims to identify and evaluate effect biomarkers for thyroid hormone system-related AOPs for further validation in experimental and epidemiological studies. Methods Using AOP-wiki, we extracted and analysed thyroid-related AOPs, focusing on the eleven AOPs with mammalian evidence. We did systematic literature search to identify potential effect biomarkers for future epidemiological studies. Results In an AOP network analysis of the eleven thyroid-related AOPs, we identified four AOP clusters, including hippocampal alterations, impaired learning and memory, thyroid follicular cell adenomas/carcinomas, and kidney toxicity. For the clusters on hippocampal alterations and impaired learning and memory, brain-derived neurotrophic factor emerged as a promising effect biomarker. For the cluster on thyroid follicular cell adenomas/carcinomas, no promising effect biomarkers with high specificity were identified, but interleukin-34, oxidative stress, and expression of several genes were found to be related to the adverse outcome. For kidney toxicity, a panel of effect biomarkers were identified, such as clusterin, cystatin-C, kidney injury molecule-1, N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and osteopontin. Conclusion This review operationalizes the AOP framework to support the use of mechanistically anchored effect biomarkers in human studies on THSD. By aligning key biological events with measurable endpoints, human matrices, and feasibility considerations, it provides a scientifically grounded path from mechanistic understanding to population research application. This enables more targeted biomonitoring, strengthens interpretation of epidemiological findings, and informs research and regulatory priorities for future validation efforts.

Strata structure is an important factor affecting floor heave of deep soft rock roadway, however, the mechanism of floor heave induced by the rock structure has not been fully understood, so it is still necessary to study the floor heave of deep-buried roadway under different rock structure conditions.Thus providing further theoretical basis and scientific basis for the control of surrounding rock in mine tunnels. In order to study the floor heave mechanism of soft rock roadway deep-buried roadway excavated in soft rock of gently inclined thin strata, a physical model experiment based on the engineering geological conditions of typical mine roadway was carried out. During the experiment, CCD camera and strain acquisition system were employed to collect image data and strain data. Based on the analysis of the experimental results, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) For the soft rock roadway located in deep-buried thin rock stratum, horizontal stress is an important factor affecting the floor heave of roadway; (2) When the floor heave occurs in the roadway, the strain distribution of floor of roadway is funnel-shaped, the max VME strain value of the floor is near 0.19, the affected range of floor strata is about half of the roadway width; (3) The surrounding rock within one time of the tunnel diameter is in the state of tensile stress after the process of roadway floor heave failure, and the areas of tensile stress and compressive stress in the surrounding rock alternates around the roadway; The failure mechanism of floor heave of the roadway is the fracture and uplift of the floor of roadway. Besides, a numerical model was conducted to verify the results of the physical model, the results of numerical simulation are in good agreement with those of physical model.

Learned plan-selection optimizers combine the conventional and learned approaches by generating diverse candidate plans through multiple optimizers and selecting the best via value models. However, these eagerly-generated plans incur high optimization overhead, as they require multiple invocations of the native optimizer. In this paper, we propose MoEPlan, which learns a routing policy to select top- \(k\) experts (different optimizers) via query embedding and learnable parameters, avoiding pre-generation of candidate plans. Our approach integrates two optimization strategies: (1) a virtual ideal expert to guide the best plan selection through learned plan similarities, and (2) a query-irrelevant expert sampling strategy to balance the training cost and effectiveness of selected plans in the first round of expert selection. Furthermore, we design a two-phase training process: the first phase pre-trains the model with complete expert feedback, while the second phase filters the full expert pool to yield a promising subset and refines the selection to pinpoint the optimal expert. Experimental studies show that MoEPlan, with only two plans generated, takes less inference time, while still producing more efficient plans than other learned plan-selection optimizers.

The relevance of this study is determined by the fact that improving the efficiency and safety of pipeline system assets is inextricably linked to the improvement of the applied technologies and calculation methods, which require revision due to the presence of certain assumptions. The objective of the study is to evaluate the influence of longitudinal stresses arising from temperature differences on the stress-strain state of the pipeline, to obtain experimental dependences of the process parameters of the overhaul of the linear section of trunk pipelines on longitudinal stresses, to perform a numerical comparison of the experimental results, and to determine the most dangerous combination of loads in the calculation scheme. Using a specially designed rig, experimental studies of the stress-strain state of the pipeline during overhaul with the lifting of the pipeline by pipelayers under the action of longitudinal forces in the pipe wall were conducted. Experimental dependences of the change in the total arising stresses on the presence of longitudinal forces and the process parameters of the overhaul of trunk pipelines on longitudinal forces in the pipe wall were obtained. It has been established that the presence of longitudenal forces in a pipeline due to temperature differences leads to changes in the process parameters of major repairs and an increase in the level of mechanical stresses in the pipe walls, which is confirmed by previously obtained analytical dependencies. The average difference in the maximum stress values with and without compressive longitudinal stresses is 11.78 %, and with and without tensile longitudinal stresses, it is 12.51 %. One of the most dangerous situations is the occurrence of tensile longitudinal forces caused by a negative temperature difference. Recommendations are given for determining the process parameters for major repairs involving trench lifting.

This quantitative experimental study aims to analyze the effect of the Solite Kids Game application on the cognitive development of 5–6 year old children at Umma Zahra Kindergarten, who were previously identified as having difficulties in recognizing number and letter symbols. Through testing of 15 samples using a pre-test and post-test design processed with a paired sample t-test (SPSS), a significant increase in the average value of cognitive development was found from 16.27 to 25.60. The results of the hypothesis test showed a significance value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05 and a t-count value of 11.377 &gt; t-table 2.144, so it can be concluded that the use of the Solite Kids Game application effectively improves children's cognitive abilities significantly, especially in the aspect of symbolic thinking abilities. It is recommended to integrate the Solite Kids Game application as an interactive learning medium to optimize children's cognitive aspects through appropriate guidance, so that play activities remain directed and educational according to their developmental stage.