Indian Experience Research Articles

242P Changing the first-line landscape in metastatic renal cell carcinoma with a combination of immunotherapy and VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A real-world Indian experience

242P Changing the first-line landscape in metastatic renal cell carcinoma with a combination of immunotherapy and VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A real-world Indian experience

The Russia-Ukraine War and Its Impact on the Food Security of Korea, China, and Japan: A CGE Approach

Purpose - In 2021, Ukraine and Russia exported 12% and 17% of global wheat, being significant grain producers and exporters. However, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine greatly impacts Ukraine’s wheat production and trade. In this regard, this study examines the impact of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on global food security using the computable general equilibrium approach.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - We utilized the global multi-sector standard GTAP model, specifically the GTAP Database Version 11, with a base year of 2017. For this research purpose, the original 160 regions and 65 sectors of the GTAP database were aggregated into 23 regions and 24 sectors. Due to the uncertain nature of the conflict duration between Russia and Ukraine, we designed three scenarios: Slight, Medium, and Severe. Each scenario represents varying degrees of wheat production, trade disruption, and an increase in wheat production by third producers for shocks.
 Findings - The study reveals several effects: real GDP decreases for Ukraine, Russia, Turkey, India, and Georgia, while countries like Egypt, Turkey, Azerbaijan, India, Korea, and Japan experience diminished economic welfare. Russia’s invasion can affect wheat imports of countries like Turkey, India, Mongolia, and Egypt. Ukraine, Egypt, Turkey, and India registered trade surpluses, while others recorded deficits
 Research Implications - The ongoing conflict complicates assessing long-term consequences on global food security. Policymakers are advised to monitor closely, implement strategies to mitigate disruptions, and foster international collaboration to alleviate adverse effects on trade, economies, and food security, particularly of nations heavily reliant on Ukraine’s wheat exports, like Egypt, Turkey, Mongolia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan.

Midfoot Charcot and Need for Arch Reconstruction and Superconstruct—“Lessons Learnt”: Multicentric Indian Experience

Midfoot Charcot and Need for Arch Reconstruction and Superconstruct—“Lessons Learnt”: Multicentric Indian Experience

Factors Impede the Growth of Women Entrepreneurs: An Indian Experience Sharing

Women are now being considered as a comprehensible part of the struggle for a stable economy. Women have recently become a symbol of change in India. Women are more respected in Kerala than any other Indian state. According to the 2022–2023 gender statistics published by the Department for Economics and Statistics of the Government of Kerala, 52.02% of the female inhabitants and men are over performing in literacy, but the performance of women in the economy is poor. In Kerala in 2022–2023, about 57% of the population was economically active, with only 25% of economically effective female population. In 2022–2023, 78% of the total units for MSME registered in Kerala were male, with 21% being female. Their needs are improved and a stable society is sure if women are empowered. Women entrepreneurs in Kerala are facing several challenges like insufficiency fund, poor technical skill, male dominancy, absence of women entrepreneur’s network etc. This study deals with the hurdles facing by women entrepreneurs in their career.

Rights based approaches to forest landscape restoration; learning from the Indian forest policy experience

Secure rights and tenure are considered essential components for socially just forest landscape restoration (FLR). Through a content analysis of India's forest policies, we identify enabling factors and challenges for rights based FLR. We discuss the practical implications of these enabling factors and barriers for FLR in India using evidence from the literature. We find that policies like the Forest Rights Act (FRA) and the Panchayat Extension of Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act support rights based FLR by providing communities with secure forest management rights and ownership of forest products. However, other policies, such as the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, can act antagonistically and weaken community rights in FLR. From our analysis, we draw three key lessons for rights based FLR in India and globally. First, there is a need to identify and resolve conflicts among forest policies that undermine rights and affect community participation in FLR. Second, policies must go beyond providing a potential for claiming rights and make claiming rights actionable in practice. Third, there is a need for a greater focus on promoting FLR mechanisms that allow communities to participate in FLR decision-making with their full set of recognised rights, including in the design of FLR activities that align with community preferences and needs.

Relational Inequality and Economic Outcomes: A Consideration of the Indian Experience

ABSTRACT The study of inequality by economists has largely focussed on distributive inequalities of various kinds. The focus on different dimensions of distributive inequality in access and outcomes is welcome. However, it is also important to consider relational inequalities and power imbalances, which economists typically consider to be the domain of sociology, anthropology and related disciplines. Many economic processes cannot be understood without analysing the underlying relational inequalities, which can reveal much about economic processes and associated policies. Some examples from the Indian experience, specifically relating to power imbalances created by gender and caste differentiation, indicate how this can play out. These are not simply ‘traditional social forms’ that are in opposition to or contradictory with capitalist accumulation. Rather, they are crucial in enabling segmented labour markets and enabling extractivist patterns of accumulation, on which recent Indian economic growth has been dependent.

A Candle in the Dark: Implementation of Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) in India

A Candle in the Dark: Implementation of Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) in India

P6.5: Impact of covid-19 on renal transplant recipients: an Indian experience from a single center.

P6.5: Impact of covid-19 on renal transplant recipients: an Indian experience from a single center.

How Much do Education, Experience, and Social Networks Impact Earnings in India? A Panel Data Analysis Disaggregated by Class, Gender, Caste and Religion

We estimate the returns (measured by hourly earnings) to education, experience, and social networking in India using individual-level panel data from the India Human Development Surveys. We combined the two latest waves of this survey using individual-level identifiers to generate a balanced panel and merged it with various household characteristics. We provide estimates of private returns for an additional year of education and experience by consumption quintiles, gender, caste, and religion in a fixed-effects Heckman model that controls for selection bias. This methodology improves upon estimates of all earlier studies on earnings in India, as most of the literature has relied on cross-section data or pseudo-panel data. We also examine the impact of social networking on earnings, which is under-explored in nationwide studies in India. We find that education significantly and positively affects earnings for all consumption quintiles, gender, caste (except schedule castes), and religious groups. Among economic groups, the highest returns are observed for the third quintile above the poverty line. Returns to females for an additional year of education are nearly double that of males but the difference in starting earnings keeps earnings of males higher for long periods. Among the castes, scheduled castes have the highest returns to education and other minorities among religious groups. Social networking positively impacts males, Hindus, and the quintile just above the poverty line. Experience positively impacts women’s earnings, general caste and scheduled caste, Hindus and Other minorities and two consumption quintiles (two and five) above the poverty line.

IN QUEST OF SECULARISM: WEST AND EAST

The world of academics is divided into different groups pertaining to their reflection on the questions of secularism. Some of them considered that secularism is a western concept. It is a product of European history that has been implanted in Indian societies so the secularization of politics has taken place in India where the people are strongly committed to religion. Some other scholars believe secularism is an Indian experience for that matter Hinduism itself a great secular religion. Diversity of faith, diversity of ideas, and spirit of co-existence, accommodation, and tolerance are the essential ingredients of Hinduism. Therefore, secularism as a concept as plasticized in West is so different from the practice of secularism in India. The present paper seeks to explore a comparative analysis to the concept of secularism in west and east.

An early Indian experience with benralizumab - A compendium on severe asthma cases: a case series.

Background: Severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA), one of the phenotypes of asthma that is characterized by elevated blood eosinophil counts, is a common cause of uncontrolled asthma. Patients with SEA often experience severe persistent symptoms and have frequent exacerbations despite optimal inhaler therapy. They also have poor lung function and quality of life (QoL). Benralizumab (Fasenra), a monoclonal antibody, has been approved for managing cases of SEA. This series of six cases, the first of its kind from India, aims to add to the real-world evidence of benralizumab in India. Methods: Benralizumab 30 mg (once in four weeks for the first three doses followed by a dose every eight weeks for two years) was administered in six patients with symptoms of cough, breathlessness on exertion, and wheezing, diagnosed with SEA. The following were the endpoints assessed: (i) overlap between high immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophilic asthma; (ii) reduction of exacerbations; (iii) withdrawal of oral corticosteroids; and (iv) improvement in lung function and QoL. Results: In all cases, management with benralizumab resulted in optimal clinical and functional improvement, a decline in systemic steroid use, and improved QoL. Conclusions: The cases presented here are the first of their kind in the Indian asthmatic population with all SEA patients demonstrating significant improvement in symptoms with the use of benralizumab.

Association Between Perceived Stress and Salivary Biomarkers of Allostatic Load Among Gender Minorities in Chennai: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Transgender individuals in India experience immense psychosocial stressors, stigma, and violence. In response to stress, the body exhibits adaptive responses that necessitate the production of organic chemicals ensuing in the detection of blood serum and saliva.There are currently no laboratory tests that are confirmatory for the diagnosis of stress and facilitate necessary treatment to be carried out in a timely manner. Thus, potential salivary biomarkers could be a helpful tool in overseeing the efficacy of pharmacological treatment prescribed by a psychiatrist. Aim This study aimed to assess the correlation between perceived stress and salivary stress biomarker levels in transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals in Chennai, India. Methodology Twenty-two TGNC individuals and 22 age-matched controls in Chennai were administered the Perceived Stress Scale-10 questionnaire. Following this, their saliva samples were collected using the passive drool technique and subjected to sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique for measuring salivary cortisol, salivary tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and salivary C-reactive protein (CRP). Independent t-test was used to compare salivary stress biomarker levels between the TGNC and age-matched control groups. Pearson's correlation test was done to correlate perceived stress and salivary stress biomarker levels in the TGNC group. Results Significant difference was seen between the TGNC and control groups with respect to salivary cortisol and salivary TNF-alpha levels, with the levels being higher in the TGNC group. A significant positive correlation was seen between perceived stress and salivary cortisol and between perceived stress and salivary TNF-alpha levels. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between perceived stress and salivary biomarkers of stress among TGNC people in Chennai.

Upfront tofacitinib in patients with biological-naïve ulcerative colitis - An Indian multicentric experience.

Tofacitinib is a Janus Kinase inhibitor used for treating moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC), mainly after the failure of biological therapy. There is a paucity of data on the outcome of tofacitinib in biological-naïve UC patients. The present study wasaimed at analyzing the safety and efficacy of tofacitinib in biological-naïve Indian patients with UC. The present study retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients with biological-naïve moderate-to-severe active UC from six tertiary care centers in India receiving tofacitinib from September 2020 to September 2022. Clinical remission or response assessment was based on partial Mayo score (PMS) calculated at baseline and weeks eight, 16 and 24. Total 47 cases (57.4% male, median age: 32years) were included. After eightweeks of therapy, 33 (70.2%) achieved clinical remission and eight (17.0%) had a primary failure. The baseline serum albumin at treatment initiation was the only independent predictor of remission at eightweeks (Odds ratio: 11.560, 95%CI: 1.478 - 90.404), but not at 16weeks. By 24weeks, 59.6% (28/47) of the patients were in remission and 29.8% (14/47) had stopped tofacitinib either due to failure (27.6%) or adverse events (AEs) (2.1%). Among the 47 patients, 10 (21.2%) cases developed AEs during follow-up, including two tuberculosis (4.2%), one cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis (2.1%) and one herpes zoster (2.1%). Four patients with infection required temporary drug discontinuations. One required permanent discontinuation (mania). Upfront tofacitinib is effective in biologic-naïve Indian patients with moderate-severe UC. Further randomized studies are required to validate the study findings.

Total arterial revascularization using robot assisted minimally invasive coronary artery bypass: an Indian experience.

The aim of this study is to analyze the early outcomes of Total Arterial Revascularization using Robot Assisted Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass at our center between June 2019 and January 2023. This is a retrospective analysis of 195 patients who underwent Total Arterial Coronary Revascularization through Robot Assisted Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass procedure (RA-CABG) during the period of June 2019 and January 2023 in a quaternary care center in India. Primary outcome variables were in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Secondary outcome variables included duration of surgery, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, in-hospital stay and perioperative morbidity. The entire patient population was divided into two groups for a subgroup analysis based on when the surgery was conducted i.e. the years since the robotic program was begun at our institution with 81 patients in group I (2019-2021), and 114 patients in group II (2022-2023). 195 patients [88.7% male, mean age of 61.34 ± 9.58years] underwent RA-CABG during the 5-year period (2019-2023) by a single experienced surgeon and his team. Conversion to larger thoracic incisions was required in 5 cases (2.59%). In-hospital and 30-day mortality was 1.02% each. The average length of ICU stay and hospital stay were 2.82 ± 1.17days and 5.84 ± 1.71days respectively. The duration of ICU stay correlated with the number of internal mammary artery grafts procured (p = 0.0022). Median duration of follow-up was 11months. Overall mortality was 3.62% and cardiac related mortality was 2.07%, and 5 patients (2.59%) underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Results of the sub-group analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of number of internal mammary artery grafts procured (p = 0.010), need for transfusions (p = 0.00031), ICU stay (p = 0.0005) and in-hospital stay (p = 0.0006). Total Arterial Coronary Revascularization through RA-CABG is a viable procedure in select patients. An experienced surgeon and team are required. Further studies in the form of randomized trials with long term follow-up are required to establish the overall utility, effectiveness and benefits to the patients.

The Bhasa of History—an essay for Dipesh Chakrabarty

ABSTRACT What value does a leading historian of modern South Asia ascribe to bhasa literature? Meant as an introduction to a volume of papers dedicated to Dipesh Chakrabarty, this essay proposes to read through some of his work and draw out a couple of general responses to this central question. The first one concerns Chakrabarty’s larger philosophical engagement with the condition of colonial modernity in India. In his treatment, bhasa literary corpus is a site of difference as well as belonging. He searches for the difference that marks Indian experience of colonial modernity in the literary. The value of bhasa, in this instance, lies in its ability to provide a ground for resistance to the uniform march of enlightenment and capitalist modernity. And, bhasa enables an awareness of historical difference precisely because it provides a sense of belonging. This sense of belongingness is closely tied to a place, a particular location as well as to a sense of everyday intimacy. As the hybrid site of difference as well as belonging, bhasa is then the constitutive cradle of what Chakrabarty calls ‘History 2s’. The second one concerns Chakrabarty’s more specific analysis of the evolution of history as an academic discipline in modern India. He delineates a sharp devaluation in the political worth of the literary that the rise of rational-scientific history writing brought about in the middle decades of the twentieth-century. As he studies the intellectual careers of particular historians, part of his intent is to elaborate on this process of devaluation. The essay situates this reading of Chakrabarty in a larger discursive context. It briefly looks at the work of some other scholars of modern South Asia who share these intellectual concerns, and seeks to create, as it were, a dialogue between Chakrabarty and others. The essay concludes by briefly introducing the papers in the volume. In different ways, they extend Chakrabarty’s preoccupation with the relationship between history and literature, and with the subject of modernity in India at large.

Smartphone addiction among post-graduate management students: The Indian experience

Smartphone addiction among post-graduate management students: The Indian experience

Transition to Generation X Judiciary: The Indian Experience

Transition to Generation X Judiciary: The Indian Experience

Mobilizing Great War Literature: Rereading the English Canon through Mulk Raj Anand's Across the Black Waters

Abstract: While Great War scholars have recently recovered colonial texts, they seldom use those texts to reassess the English Great War canon. Mulk Raj Anand's depiction of Indian experience in Across the Black Waters highlights the imperial dimensions of English texts from the Great War. The novel depicts Indian soldiers first as travelers through Europe before narrating their experiences of displacement in the horrors of the trenches. This shift calls attention to the English canon's depictions of soldiers' mobility, which similarly shift from travel in initial military mobilization to displacement in the violence of warfare. Across the Black Waters rewrites this characteristic shift to reveal its imperial significance, ultimately transforming the English Great War canon's typical disillusionment with Britain into a critique of empire. Anand's novel invites us to recenter the imperial position in Great War literature: all English narratives are narratives of empire, and Britain at war is always imperial.

Can a five-minute meeting improve the wellbeing of students? The Indian school experience

In India, school psychology is an emerging field of study. The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has mandated the appointment of school counsellors to boost mental health through counselling, life-skills education, and career guidance. In the present study, the school counsellor implemented a five-minute meeting to quickly interact with students to promote their wellbeing. Using universal sampling, data were collected from 78 students using a Google survey form at one of the leading private schools in Meerut city of Uttar Pradesh State, India. The findings of the study indicated an improvement in the personal-social and school-career domains of students’ wellbeing. Approximately 72% of students reported being happy, and 58% shared being friendly (personal-social domain). Nearly 68% of students reported doing well in the school (school-career domain). Moreover, 65% of students expressed willingness to meet with the counsellor. The initiative received an overwhelmingly positive response (82%), indicating that it has increased the value of support for these students. This initiative provided an opportunity for both the counsellor and students to get to know each other and allowed the counsellor to plan individual and group counselling sessions as needed. Prospective studies could employ robust methodology with a larger sample size to evaluate the effects of this initiative on mental health outcomes.

What Can the Developing World (and Others) Learn From the Indian Experience in Crossing the ABO Blood Group Barrier in Kidney Transplantation.

What Can the Developing World (and Others) Learn From the Indian Experience in Crossing the ABO Blood Group Barrier in Kidney Transplantation.