Semantic similarity among autobiographical memories is associated with rumination.

Intersectionality and the experience sampling method (ESM) are significant approaches that help identify real-time hidden patterns among marginalised and minority populations. The dominant research methods in nursing research are cross-sectional surveys (quantitative) and experiences of participants (qualitative). However, these methods fail to provide critical information on the dynamic, lived reality of oppression and privilege. To understand the impact of oppression and privilege on daily life and how experiences are changing through intersectional analysis. ESM is a novel approach and a crucial methodological evolution in research. ESM allows the analysis of 'who' people are to understand 'how' intersecting identities shape their daily lives. Hence, removal of the limitations of traditional survey methods and the introduction of ESM and intersectionality as a better-fit approach to fully capture inequity provides a strategic path for integration into nursing research, which is of great importance. Adopting ESM and intersectionality research is an ethical and scientific imperative for nursing science, which is committed to addressing social justice, health equity and health inequalities. By adopting ESM, nursing professionals can gain deeper insights into intersectional experiences (patterns of discrimination and stigma) to help tailor interventions and policies that reduce health inequities and disparities. ESM helps nurse researchers shift their focus from fixed traits to fluid, contextual realities to improve decision-making.

People with advanced cancer often experience a range of symptoms and reduced well-being. Experience sampling methods, which involve completing multiple smartphone-based questionnaires per day over several days, may offer detailed insights into how these experiences unfold in daily life. To evaluate feasibility and acceptability of experience sampling methods in advanced cancer, and its potential to uncover moment-to-moment symptom and well-being fluctuations. Observational study including baseline measurement, a 7-day experience sampling period with up to 10 assessments per day of symptoms and well-being, and follow-up measurement. We evaluated feasibility through response data and acceptability through a follow-up questionnaire measuring burden, ease-of-use, instruction clarity, and measurement reactivity. We analyzed fluctuations using within-person standard deviations. We invited 79 people with advanced breast or lung cancer via two Belgian hospitals; 40 (51%) enrolled. Thirty-seven participants provided 1703 valid (71% of 2400 scheduled) experience sampling assessments. On 7-point scales, participants reported low burden (M = 2.1, SD = 0.8), high ease-of-use (M = 5.6, SD = 1.2) and instruction clarity (M = 6.5, SD = 0.5), and minimal measurement reactivity (M = 1.3, SD = 0.3). On 0-100 scales, we observed the greatest means of within-person fluctuations across days for tiredness (MiSD = 16.7, SD = 7.7), feeling relaxed (MiSD = 13.0, SD = 7.3), and activity limitations (MiSD = 12.4, SD = 9.9). Higher mean symptom intensity generally corresponded with greater within-person fluctuations. Experience sampling methods proved feasible and acceptable for people with advanced cancer, effectively capturing individuals' unique symptom and well-being fluctuations in daily life. The methods are a promising avenue to enhance personalized care and improve quality of life by revealing the mechanisms behind individuals' fluctuations.

Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) refer to hallucination-like (HLEs) or delusion-like (DLEs) experiences defined as subclinical phenomena located at the lower end of the psychosis continuum. PLEs etiology includes neurodevelopmental changes, maladaptive coping styles, exposure to negative emotions, and stress. These factors frequently co-occur in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, considered a risk factor for PLEs. A total of 188 participants from the general population completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) questionnaire and participated in a seven-day ESM procedure. Participants were divided into High and Low ADHD groups based on self-report symptom severity scale. Saliva samples were collected to determine cortisol levels. A temporal network analysis was used to analyze targeted associations, and permutation testing to compare the differences between the groups. In the H_ADHD group, cortisol was a stronger predictor of threat anticipation (TA) than in the L_ADHD group, and DLEs were strongly associated with TA. In the L_ADHD group, HLEs had a stronger relationship with ruminations and TA than in the H_ADHD group. In both groups, negative affect (NA) was the strongest predictor of ruminations. Out-strength analysis revealed that in the H_ADHD group, DLEs exhibited the strongest predictive function on other variables, while in the L_ADHD group, it was NA. Cortisol level was associated with an increase in TA exclusively in the H_ADHD group, meanwhile in the L_ADHD with subsequent alcohol consumption. The study highlights the different temporal dynamics between factors in individuals with high/low ADHD symptomatology in a non-clinical sample. Interventions for individuals with ADHD should prioritize NA as a central element, focusing on adaptive emotion and stress regulation.

ABSTRACT A growing body of literature has illuminated the impacts of climate change on employees' physiological health. This research advances the field by uncovering evidence of the damaging psychological effects of air pollution on employees, along with an organizational alleviation mechanism. Integrating affective events theory and terror management theory, we theorize that air pollution event disruption leads to increased employees' workplace loneliness and decreased sleep quality at night via the mediating role of employees' anxiety. However, the negative impacts of air pollution can be significantly mitigated for those who experience higher levels of organizational support. We first conducted two quantitative studies (Studies 1 and 2) using the experience sampling method to test the hypotheses. To further enrich the insights derived from these quantitative tests, we also carried out a qualitative study (Study 3) using in‐depth interviews. Taken together, our research generates valuable theoretical and practical implications for understanding the impacts of air pollution events and developing effective organizational coping strategies.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to understand which speech sounds are most commonly targeted in therapy, and how that target sound is associated with the child’s grade and the dosage received within sessions. Dose is considered the number of times a speech sound is elicited in a single clinical session (e.g. 80 trials per session). We present data from 772 therapy sessions collected from 106 school-based speech-language pathologists, using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM). ESM is an approach to collecting data in situ during moments of specific interest. This investigation, specifically, examined relations between target sounds, grade level, and dosage. Our results indicate that /ɹ/ was the most commonly targeted speech sound. Targeting a sound within the category of early 13 sounds significantly predicted that a child is enrolled in a lower grade level. However, there was no significant association between target sound category and dosage.

UPPS-P Impulsivity, Momentary Affect, and Gambling: an Experience Sampling Method Study

Blowing Minds: A cross-cultural, longitudinal investigation to unravel the highs and lows of recreational and medicinal cannabis users.

Development and co-creation of the Baby-related Anxiety and Behavior Inventory (BABI): An experience sampling measure.

The rapid growth of short video platforms has raised concerns about their potential impact on young people’s mental health and well-being. However, the dynamic relationship between short video use and daily anxiety symptoms remains poorly understood. To address this gap, this study employed the experience sampling method (ESM) and dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) to examine their bidirectional relationship in a representative sample of Chinese young adults (N = 389; Mage = 20.38 years, SD = 1.44 years; 51.1% male). The results indicated that at the within-person level, there were no significant bidirectional effects between short video use (i.e., active use, passive use, or total use time) and daily anxiety symptoms. However, upward social comparison tendency moderated the within-person effect of passive short video use on subsequent anxiety symptoms. Specifically, individuals with higher levels of upward social comparison experienced greater anxiety during periods of increased passive short video use. In contrast, those with lower levels of upward social comparison experienced less anxiety under similar conditions. These findings suggest that while short video use may not directly contribute to daily anxiety, its psychological impact is contingent upon individual differences in social comparison. In particular, those prone to upward comparison may be more vulnerable to anxiety during passive consumption of short video content.

Chronic diseases, such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , demand long-term treatment and permanent adaptation. One important pillar in coping with these diseases is individuals' self-management, including support from digital media. Research on their effects confirms their potential. However, it is flawed by theoretical underdevelopment and methodological weaknesses, such as a focus on short-term effects, single digital features, and microlevel studies. The research unit (RU) DISELMA ("Digital Media in Chronic Disease Self-Management") aims to examine the continued use patterns and effects of the digital self-management of chronic diseases, as well as the role of the interpersonal, organizational, and societal levels to gain a comprehensive picture of the individual processes, their contextual embeddedness, and cross-level interactions. To fully capture the manifold multilevel influences, the RU comprises 6 individual projects (IPs), each of which conducts several studies. Two projects at the individual level analyze determinants of use, usage patterns, and effects of digital media, combining systematic reviews, experience sampling method studies, focus groups, panel surveys, and content analysis of apps used. Two projects examine the interpersonal context by analyzing the role of health care providers and the diffusion of digital media in informal networks, conducting a scoping review, online surveys with physicians, semistructured interviews, and participant observations of physician-patient dyads, patient focus groups, and interviews with peers. One project aims to analyze the role of organizations within the mobile health market by conducting a content analysis of organizational messages and a survey. Finally, one project analyzes journalistic and social media to gain insight into the discourses about digital chronic disease self-management on the societal level. The RU received funding approval from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation; grant 456132969) in July 2023, and the 4-year funding period ranges from December 2023 to November 2027. IP1 is currently conducting its systematic reviews and experience sampling method studies, both to be finalized in 2026. IP2 is conducting its systematic review and meta-analysis alongside panel surveys until June 2026. IP3 has completed its online survey with physicians and is currently conducting observations until August 2026. IP4 is conducting its scoping review and peer interviews through 2026, while IP5 is working on its content analysis and survey, and IP6 on its manual content analysis. First publications of the results are expected in 2026. The results will contribute to the existing research through a theoretically and methodologically comprehensive approach that improves our understanding of the processes within and between all levels. These insights will inform providers of digital health solutions and health care practitioners about users' needs, advance evidence-based disease self-management programs, and contribute to better coping with chronic diseases, improved well-being of affected individuals, and reduced health care costs.

The experience sampling method (ESM) has become a popular tool in psychology. However, the intensive nature of ESM raises concerns about careless responding, where participants respond without paying sufficient attention. This study investigated the temporal dynamics of carelessness across three common sample types (community, student, clinical). We leveraged four careless responding indicators-response time, within-beep standard deviation, an inconsistency index, and occasion-person correlation-and used univariate and multivariate multilevel models to examine their temporal trajectories. Our results demonstrate that careless responding is not a stable phenomenon but changes over time, with evidence for increases across days and non-stationarity within days across the different samples. The presence of few and small associations among the indicators implies either that they flag distinct kinds of carelessness or that some of them do not capture carelessness at all. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of considering the temporal dynamics of carelessness in ESM studies.

The dynamics of EEG microstates covary with spontaneous thoughts.

Purpose This paper aims to assess daily fluctuations in grief reactions among Vietnamese bereaved. Although grief is a universal experience, current understanding of the progression and predictive factors of bereavement-related distress predominantly originates from Western settings. Research indicates cultural variations in the development of grief over time. Notably, there has not been a study investigating how bereavement-related distress manifests in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach Experience sampling method (ESM) can provide detailed, real-time data on daily reactions. Hundred Vietnamese bereaved adults (>18 years old) who lost a loved one in the last 6 months will complete a 2-week ESM assessment app (mPath) every 3 months for 6 months. The app sends daily reminders to complete a questionnaire about grief reactions and daily life context. Participants will complete a baseline mental health assessment before each ESM period. Findings Data collection for ESM assessments began in June 2025 and will end in December 2025. As of September 2025, 91 participants have been enrolled. A mix of longitudinal and fine-grained data will reveal daily fluctuations of grief reactions, long-term trajectories and associated contextual outcomes. Originality/value This study represents the inaugural research endeavor to digitally monitor grief trajectories among Vietnamese bereaved individuals. This study holds substantial potential to contribute to the development of more nuanced, culturally sensitive and technologically advanced bereavement support.

Loneliness and somatic complaints: An experience sampling method study.

Self-beliefs and other-regarding beliefs are related to attachment experiences and may contribute to paranoid beliefs and social functioning difficulties in psychosis. However, their relationships have not been examined jointly from an ecological perspective, while considering different degrees of psychosis risk. Relationships between avoidant and anxious attachment, self-beliefs and other-regarding beliefs, paranoia, and social functioning in daily-life were examined across the psychosis continuum of familial risk. The sample comprised 29 patients with non-affective psychotic disorders (Mage = 39.07, SD = 9.91, 20.68% female), 17 first-degree relatives (Mage = 37.36, SD = 13.86, 64.71% female) and 26 controls (Mage = 36.15, SD = 8.1, 34.6% female). Avoidant and anxious attachment were assessed with the Psychosis Attachment Measure. Self-beliefs, beliefs about others, paranoia, and time spent alone were assessed for one week in participants' daily lives using the Experience Sampling Method. Multilevel models were used to investigate cross-sectional and temporal relationships between the variables. Less positive self-beliefs and beliefs about others were related to paranoia, but only self-beliefs mediated the association between attachment insecurity and paranoia. People who were alone more frequently held less positive self-beliefs and beliefs about others, and being alone at a specific point in time was related to less positive self-beliefs. Attachment insecurity was unrelated to the amount of time spent alone. Less positive self-beliefs and beliefs about others were related to higher paranoia levels and fewer social interactions in daily-life. These associations were present in all groups, supporting their utility as cognitive treatment targets in diverse therapeutic contexts.

Mindfulness is robustly associated with psychological and physiological well-being. To date, studies have primarily focused on trait mindfulness while neglecting its state-level momentary regulatory effects on daily stress. This preregistered study investigated the effects of state mindfulness on participants' momentary mood and physiological arousal in cohorts sampled between 2021 and 2024. Using the experience sampling method, 100 cohabiting couples (N = 200) completed five daily surveys for 16 days, and reported on their experiences of stressors (adverse events), state mindfulness levels, positive mood, and negative mood, while wearing Fitbit devices to monitor their heart rate. The registered analyses mainly demonstrated main effects (but no buffering effects) for state mindfulness. Specifically, state mindfulness predicted higher positive mood and lower heart rate among women. No association was found with negative mood, and state mindfulness did not moderate the relationship between stressors and stress response (mood and heart rate). However, secondary registered analyses, using a State Mindfulness Scale with more items, showed support for the mindfulness buffering effect, and indicated that negative events were associated with men's heart rate when mindfulness was low. Overall, these results underscore the importance of studying state-level mindfulness and pave the way for future research on how momentary mindfulness can enhance emotion regulation, which in turn may help promote well-being in daily life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

The relationship between mental state decoding and real-world social functioning – An experience sampling investigation

Spatial cognition refers to the mental processing, perception, and interpretation of spatial information. It is often operationalized through self-assessments like sense of direction and mental rotation ability or field-based real-world tasks like pointing to a specific building and wayfinding; however, the former and latter entail unclear ecological validity and high participant burdens, respectively. Since the advent of smartphones, this repertoire has been extended substantially through the use of sensors or apps. This study used a large longitudinal experience sampling method (ESM) in two different countries (Canada and Australia, N = 217) and analyzed spatial cognition both conventionally (i.e., sense of direction and speeded mental rotation test) and through new techniques like self-rated and objectively assessed daily Google Maps usage, movement patterns throughout the 14-day assessment phase (using H3 tiles for geolocation), and a Point North task. The Point North task objectively assessed deviation from the celestial direction, North, by using smartphone compass sensors. In both countries, spatial orientation was found to be associated only with the Point North task, while no significant associations were found for daily Google Maps usage (subjectively and objectively measured) and moving distance throughout the assessment phase. Although further validation is required, the Point North task shows promise as an objective, ecologically valid, and easily employable smartphone-based measure for assessing spatial cognition in real-world contexts.

The dynamics of emotions (e.g., emotion intensity and differentiation) are pivotal for adolescents’ mental health. This study examined how psychological characteristics and the social environment influence the dynamics of six emotions in male adolescents during their daily lives. Sixty-two male adolescents (aged between 12–17 years, sufficiently fluent in French, and having access to a smartphone) with varying degrees of adjustment problems (assessed through the youth self-report questionnaire) participated in an experience sampling study (4x/day over 9 days, excluding weekends). Greater adjustment problems, were associated with fewer positive emotions, while greater use of non-adaptive emotion regulation was linked to more negative emotions. Being alone was linked to lower intensity of positive emotions and higher intensity of negative ones. Higher momentary self-control was related to higher intensity of positive emotions and lower intensity of negative ones. This study provides novel insights into the dynamics of male adolescents’ emotional experiences by enhancing the understanding of emotions’ contextual anchoring combined with psychological characteristics.